Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marcos Luginieski, Marlus Koehler, Jose P. M. Serbena, Keli F. Seidel
Summary: A charge carrier transport model is proposed to describe the operation modes of electrolyte-gated field effect transistors and organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs), including non-ideal ones. The model considers 2D or 3D percolation transport (PT) and the influence of shallow exponential trap distribution on transport. The model is able to accurately fit experimental data from electrolyte-gated organic field effect transistors and OECTs, demonstrating its versatility.
ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Larissa Huetter, Adrica Kyndiah, Gabriel Gomila
Summary: This article presents the analytical physical modeling of undoped electrolyte gated organic field effect transistors (EGOFETs) in the Helmholtz approximation. A compact analytical model for the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics, including the effects of access series resistance, has been derived and validated by 2D finite element numerical calculations. The model describes all operating regimes continuously, covers small channel lengths, and only includes physical device parameters. Analytical expressions for phenomenological parameters in the ideal FET model have been proposed. The derived analytical physical model provides a simple and quantitative way to analyze the electrical characteristics of EGOFETs beyond the oversimplified ideal FET model.
ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Najmeh Delavari, Klas Tybrandt, Magnus Berggren, Benoit Piro, Vincent Noel, Giorgio Mattana, Igor Zozoulenko
Summary: Electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors (EGOFETs) are a type of organic thin-film transistors suitable for sensing and biosensing in aqueous media. They operate at low voltages by forming electric double layers and currently lack a detailed quantitative model to predict device performance.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Nicolo Lago, Marco Buonomo, Sara Ruiz-Molina, Andrea Pollesel, Rafael Cintra Hensel, Francesco Sedona, Mauro Sambi, Marta Mas-Torrent, Stefano Casalini, Andrea Cester
Summary: In this study, a blend of 2,8-Difluoro-5,11-bis(triethylsilylethynyl)anthradithiophene (diFTES-ADT) and polystyrene (PS) was used as the active material for the fabrication of dual-gate EGOFETs. A digital feedback mechanism using the back-gate electrode to dynamically compensate for the transistor threshold voltage was implemented to improve the stability of EGOFETs and enable prolonged testing. This real-time threshold voltage compensation not only stabilizes the DC output current of EGOFETs but also preserves their sensing capability for low-frequency signals.
ORGANIC ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Depeng Wang, Shufang Zhao, Ruiyang Yin, Linlin Li, Zheng Lou, Guozhen Shen
Summary: Ionic-gated transistors (IGTs) have shown great potential in various applications, with excellent stability and reliability. In the future, IGTs are expected to be widely used in sensors, neuromorphic transistors, and health detection.
NPJ FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Alireza Molazemhosseini, Fabrizio Antonio Viola, Felix J. Berger, Nicolas F. Zorn, Jana Zaumseil, Mario Caironi
Summary: The use of inkjet-printed polymer-wrapped monochiral single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) as the channel for EG-FETs in an aqueous environment has been proposed in this study. This approach only requires an hour of stabilization before providing a stable response suitable for biosensing, significantly reducing the response time compared to the most commonly used organic semiconductor for biosensors.
ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2021)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Wei Huang, Jianhua Chen, Gang Wang, Yao Yao, Xinming Zhuang, Robert M. Pankow, Yuhua Cheng, Tobin J. Marks, Antonio Facchetti
Summary: This review summarizes recent progress in developing dielectric materials for electrolyte gated transistors (EGTs), emphasizing the importance of electrolyte dielectrics and their impact on EGT performance and integration. The discussion covers various types of electrolyte dielectric materials, driven by different applications, and highlights the structure and operation of emerging electrolyte-based transistors. Overall, the understanding and development of electrolyte dielectrics have opened up new possibilities for EGTs and related devices.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Bajramshahe Shkodra, Mattia Petrelli, Martina Aurora Costa Angeli, A. K. M. Sarwar Inam, Paolo Lugli, Luisa Petti
Summary: Electrochemical biosensors, especially those employing electrolyte-gated field-effect transistors (EG-FETs), have gained increasing interest due to their simplicity, high sensitivity, and low voltage operation range. In this study, flexible EG-FETs were fabricated using spray-deposited carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and the performance of the resulting EG-CNTFET was optimized by optimizing the CNT channel. The fabricated EG-CNTFETs were then functionalized with antibodies to detect spermidine, a chemical indicator of food quality, and showed a linear detection range and sensitivity.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Akshay Moudgil, Wei Lin Leong
Summary: This article summarizes the importance of transistors in biochemical sensing and the critical sensing capabilities of various transistor classes in biochemical detection. It also discusses recent advancements in the field of transistors for bioanalyte sensing and compares organic and inorganic active material-based transistors for specific target biodetection and healthcare applications.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ab F. Nieuwenhuis, Daniel F. Duarte Sanchez, Jin Z. Cui, Serge G. Lemay
Summary: In this study, the quasi-1D electrical current through long single conjugated polymer chains was measured using coupled ionic-electronic charge transport. It was found that fluctuations between internal conformations of the individual polymers resulted in abrupt, multilevel switches in the electrical current, consistent with theoretical simulations. Additionally, the results provided insights into the dynamics of random-coil polymers and the potential use of semiconducting polymers as electrical labels for single-molecule sensing assays.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Khalil Chennit, Najmeh Delavari, Samia Mekhmoukhen, Rassen Boukraa, Laure Fillaud, Samia Zrig, Nicolas Battaglini, Benoit Piro, Vincent Noel, Igor Zozoulenko, Giorgio Mattana
Summary: This article presents the first example of inkjet-printed, electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors fabricated on flexible polyimide substrates. The performance of inkjet-printed, coplanar devices is compared to those of transistors with a metallic wire gate electrode. Good quantitative agreement is achieved between simulation and experiments, indicating the potential use of NPP simulations as predictive tools for device design and optimization. This study opens up avenues for the development of low-cost, flexible sensors and circuits.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Qiaoming Zhang, Adrian Tamayo, Francesca Leonardi, Marta Mas-Torrent
Summary: The study demonstrates the mutual benefits between EGOFETs and surfactants, showing that EGOFETs can enhance stability by studying surfactant aggregation behavior on metal surfaces. Exposure to high concentrations of surfactant solutions also improves operational stability of EGOFETs.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Adrica Kyndiah, Marti Checa, Francesca Leonardi, Ruben Millan-Solsona, Martina Di Muzio, Shubham Tanwar, Laura Fumagalli, Marta Mas-Torrent, Gabriel Gomila
Summary: Scanning dielectric microscopy in force detection mode in liquid environment can be used for nanoscale probing of the conductivity and interfacial capacitance in electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistors (EGOFETs). The mapping of conductivity in the semiconducting channel reveals dependency on gate voltage and variations along the channel due to space charge limited conduction, showing very small electrical heterogeneities. These insights into transduction mechanisms at organic semiconductor/electrolyte interfaces down to approximately 100 nm can lead to substantial optimization of organic electronic devices for bioelectronic applications.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Arash Khorrami Jahromi, Hamed Shieh, Kyle Low, Nishat Tasnim, Homayoun Najjaran, Mina Hoorfar
Summary: This study compared the effects of indirect and direct immobilization of BREs on EGFET, with direct immobilization being a simpler and more efficient method to maintain or even improve the carrier mobility of the graphene channel and sensitivity of the EGFET. The developed TNF- a EGFET aptasensor based on direct BREs immobilization showed outstanding sensing performance in detecting TNF-a in a non-invasively accessible biofluid, paving the way for development of graphene biosensors.
ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Guocai Liu, Qingyuan Li, Wei Shi, Yanwei Liu, Kai Liu, Xueli Yang, Mingchao Shao, Ankang Guo, Xin Huang, Fan Zhang, Zhiyuan Zhao, Yunlong Guo, Yunqi Liu
Summary: This study presents the development of multisensory artificial synapse and neural networks based on electrolyte-gated vertical organic field-effect transistors (VOFETs). With a scaled down channel length and a large electric double layer capacitance, the artificial synapse exhibits significantly lower power consumption compared to biological synapses. It is capable of learning and memory functions, as well as emulating human brain's information processing and sound detection. Additionally, the artificial synapse can be applied in acidity discrimination as an artificial tongue.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
R. Garcia-Cortadella, G. Schwesig, C. Jeschke, X. Illa, Anna L. Gray, S. Savage, E. Stamatidou, I Schiessl, E. Masvidal-Codina, K. Kostarelos, A. Guimera-Brunet, A. Sirota, J. A. Garrido
Summary: Graphene active sensors have emerged as a promising building block for large-scale neural interfaces, demonstrating good performance in wide frequency band sensitivity, stability, and biocompatibility. The authors performed proof-of-concept long-term wireless recording in a freely behaving rodent to illustrate the technology's potential to detect cortical signals from infra-slow to high-gamma frequency bands.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Eduard Masvidal-Codina, Trevor M. Smith, Daman Rathore, Yunan Gao, Xavi Illa, Elisabet Prats-Alfonso, Elena Del Corro, Andrea Bonaccini Calia, Gemma Rius, Inigo Martin-Fernandez, Christoph Guger, Patrick Reitner, Rosa Villa, Jose A. Garrido, Anton Guimera-Brunet, Rob C. Wykes
Summary: The study successfully induced CSD in awake mice using graphene micro-transistor arrays, allowing high-density electrophysiological mapping of the CSD waveform.
JOURNAL OF NEURAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Diep Nguyen, Manon Valet, Julie Degardin, Leyna Boucherit, Xavi Illa, Jose de la Cruz, Elena del Corro, Jessica Bousquet, Jose A. Garrido, Clement Hebert, Serge Picaud
Summary: By fabricating non-functional devices with graphene embedded on polyimide and implanting them beneath the retina in blind rats for a biocompatibility study, it was found that graphene could reduce the number of microglial cells in the retina, indicating high biocompatibility.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
R. Garcia-Cortadella, G. Schwesig, C. Jeschke, X. Illa, Anna L. Gray, S. Savage, E. Stamatidou, I. Schiessl, E. Masvidal-Codina, K. Kostarelos, A. Guimera-Brunet, A. Sirota, J. A. Garrido
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alex Henning, Johannes D. Bartl, Andreas Zeidler, Simon Qian, Oliver Bienek, Chang-Ming Jiang, Claudia Paulus, Bernhard Rieger, Martin Stutzmann, Ian D. Sharp
Summary: Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a crucial tool in semiconductor device fabrication for precise control over thin film growth. However, challenges in creating continuous monolayers exist due to surface inhomogeneities and precursor steric interactions. This study demonstrates the encapsulation of c-plane gallium nitride with extremely thin aluminum oxide through ALD, offering new possibilities for controlling charge transport and tailoring surface chemistry in semiconductor devices.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Christian M. Schaefer, Jose M. Caicedo Roque, Guillaume Sauthier, Jessica Bousquet, Clement Hebert, Justin R. Sperling, Amador Perez-Tomas, Jose Santiso, Elena del Corro, Jose A. Garrido
Summary: The role of C-containing side products of organosulfur precursor pyrolysis in MoS2 thin film growth was investigated, revealing the formation of nanographitic carbon under high temperature and excessive precursor ratios competing with MoS2 growth. Introducing H2 gas significantly hindered DES pyrolysis, reducing carbon incorporation in MoS2 films. The C content in MoS2 films affects photoluminescence and trion-to-exciton ratio, providing insights into process-induced C impurity doping in MOCVD-grown 2D semiconductors and its impact on device functionality.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Max Kraut, Florian Pantle, Simon Worle, Elise Sirotti, Andreas Zeidler, Felix Eckmann, Martin Stutzmann
Summary: Nanowires and nanofins have strong interactions with their environment due to their large surface-to-volume ratio. Oxygen and water can both enhance and quench photoluminescence intensity in GaN nanostructures, with complex behaviors observed at different temperatures. Water-induced changes in photoluminescence intensity are light-induced, while oxygen-induced changes occur independently of illumination.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Andrea Bonaccini Calia, Eduard Masvidal-Codina, Trevor M. Smith, Nathan Schafer, Daman Rathore, Elisa Rodriguez-Lucas, Xavi Illa, Jose M. De la Cruz, Elena Del Corro, Elisabet Prats-Alfonso, Damia Viana, Jessica Bousquet, Clement Hebert, Javier Martinez-Aguilar, Justin R. Sperling, Matthew Drummond, Arnab Halder, Abbie Dodd, Katharine Barr, Sinead Savage, Jordina Fornell, Jordi Sort, Christoph Guger, Rosa Villa, Kostas Kostarelos, Rob C. Wykes, Anton Guimera-Brunet, Jose A. Garrido
Summary: Flexible neural probes made of graphene microtransistors can record a wide range of brain signals, from DC shifts to high-frequency activity, showing potential for epilepsy research. This technology allows stable and chronic recordings of various brain signals, benefiting both preclinical and clinical applications.
NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Alois Arrighi, Elena del Corro, Daniel Navarro Urrios, Marius Vasile Costache, Juan F. Francisco Sierra, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Jose A. Garrido, Sergio O. Valenzuela, Clivia M. Sotomayor Torres, Marianna Sledzinska
Summary: State-of-the-art fabrication and characterisation techniques were used to measure the thermal conductivity of suspended, single-crystalline MoS2 and MoS2/hBN heterostructures. The results showed that the heterostructure exhibited a significantly increased thermal conductivity due to the high thermal interface conductance between MoS2 and hBN, as well as the efficient in-plane heat spreading driven by hBN.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jose de la Cruz, Diep Nguyen, Xavi Illa, Jessica Bousquet, Antonio P. Perez-Marin, Elena del Corro, Serge Picaud, Jose A. Garrido, Clement Hebert
Summary: Electroretinography (ERG) is a clinical test used to understand and diagnose various retinopathies. Traditional metal electrodes have limitations, while flexible electrodes made of graphene can overcome these limitations and perform multisite recording on the cornea.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Florian Pantle, Simon Woerle, Monika Karlinger, Felix Rauh, Max Kraut, Martin Stutzmann
Summary: Nanostructures, such as GaN nanofins, are sensitive to their ambient conditions due to their large surface-to-volume ratio. This article presents a systematic study on the environmental sensitivity of the electrical conductivity of GaN nanofins and identifies oxygen and water as responsible for reducing the electrical current through GaN nanofins. The results also reveal the complexity of water adsorption on GaN surfaces and the importance of reproducible pre-treatment and surface passivation.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nikolaos Mavredakis, Anibal Pacheco-Sanchez, Md Hasibul Alam, Anton Guimera-Brunet, Javier Martinez, Jose Antonio Garrido, Deji Akinwande, David Jimenez
Summary: This study introduces a new physics-based compact model for single- to few-layer 2D-FETs, which accurately validates 1/f noise experiments for different types of devices. The proposed model considers the measured 1/f noise bias dependence defined by different physical mechanisms. Analytical expressions based on the underlying physics that governs these devices are derived, accounting for carrier number fluctuation, mobility fluctuation, and contact resistance effects.
Correction
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Florian Pantle, Fabian Becker, Max Kraut, Simon Woerle, Theresa Hoffmann, Sabrina Artmeier, Martin Stutzmann
Summary: The study demonstrates the selective area growth of GaN nanowires and nanofins on heteroepitaxial diamond (001) substrates using molecular beam epitaxy. By optimizing the growth conditions and using locally produced substrates, high-quality nanostructures were successfully grown, providing new possibilities for optoelectronic device applications.
NANOSCALE ADVANCES
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Florian Pantle, Monika Karlinger, Simon Woerle, Fabian Becker, Theresa Hoeldrich, Elise Sirotti, Max Kraut, Martin Stutzmann
Summary: GaN nanostructures with 3D structure and non-polar crystal surfaces have great potential for a wide range of applications. Controlling the formation of side crystal facets is crucial for the stability and performance of GaN-based devices. By tuning the III-V ratio and nitrogen flux, the crystal facet formation on nanowire sidewalls can be controlled, and GaN nanofins with different side crystal facets can be grown. The study also reveals the growth mechanisms of the nanostructures and the correlation between growth kinetics and the formation of structural defects.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Florian Pantle, Fabian Becker, Max Kraut, Simon Worle, Theresa Hoffmann, Sabrina Artmeier, Martin Stutzmann
Summary: GaN-on-diamond is a promising approach for high-power transistor devices, offering outstanding performance and improved heat management compared to GaN-on-SiC. The selective area growth of GaN nanostructures on cost-efficient diamond substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy shows high selectivity and controllable dimensions, enabling applications in high-power/high-frequency devices.
NANOSCALE ADVANCES
(2021)
