Article
Food Science & Technology
Wenbin Zhang, Qicheng Huang, Ruijin Yang, Wei Zhao, Xiao Hua
Summary: L-ascorbic acid, also known as Vitamin C, is essential for human beings but degrades natural pigments in food systems and has low stability in aqueous solutions. AA-2G, a derivative of ascorbic acid, is gaining attention for its thermal stability and ability to release L-AA in vivo. It is mainly used in high value-added products and there is ongoing research to reduce manufacturing costs for wider application in the food industry.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Xiumei Tao, Lingqia Su, Sheng Chen, Lei Wang, Jing Wu
Summary: Site saturation mutagenesis was performed on specific subsites of Bacillus stearothermophilus NO2 cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase to enhance its specificity for the donor substrate maltodextrin in the preparation of ascorbic acid 2-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl (AA-2G). Mutants with increased AA-2G yields were identified and used to generate combinatorial mutants, resulting in a mutant with the highest AA-2G yield. The addition of isoamylase improved the utilization rate of maltodextrin, and complexing isoamylase with the selected mutant further increased the AA-2G yield and reduced the maltodextrin concentration.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Lili He, Jingwen Ji, Jian Sun, Zhou Pengjuan, Lijuan Zhai, Dong Tang, Yangxiu Mu, Ling Wang, Haikang Yang, Jinbo Ji, Zafar Iqbal, Zhixiang Yang
Summary: 2-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2pG) is a compound that provides sustained release of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) through α-glucosidase activity in the human body. It is commonly used in cosmetics, food, and medicinal products. We synthesized AA-2pG in five steps starting from ascorbic acid, achieving an overall yield of 31.4%. Column purification was only required for one step, and the final product was pure enough for application purposes.
TETRAHEDRON LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Kai Song, Jingjing Sun, Wei Wang, Jianhua Hao
Summary: This study successfully obtained the CGT gene from marine microorganisms, optimized its expression and purification, and applied it for the synthesis of AA-2G, achieving a high production yield.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Yaoyao Zhou, Xuhao Lv, Luyi Chen, Hui Zhang, Linjiang Zhu, Yuele Lu, Xiaolong Chen
Summary: This study assessed a manufacturing routine of AA-2G synthesized by sucrose phosphorylase (SPase) and identified three unknown process-related impurities. A comprehensive formation pathway of impurities was elucidated, and specific strategies corresponding to controlling each impurity were proposed. Additionally, a single mutant L343F was obtained through semi-rational design, which reduced impurities I and III without affecting transglycosylation activity.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuji Iwaoka, Misaki Fukushima, Hideyuki Ito, Akihiro Tai
Summary: The study established an efficient and low-cost synthesis method for 6-bOcta-AA-2G, involving acylation, specific glycosylation by CGTase, and further hydrolysis by amyloglucosidase. The overall yield of 6-bOcta-AA-2G reached 19.4%, demonstrating a potential for mass production as an antitumor agent.
PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Alistair T. Richardson, Tony K. McGhie, Sarah B. Cordiner, Teiarere T. H. Stephens, David S. Larsen, William A. Laing, Nigel B. Perry
Summary: The study found the distribution and seasonal variation of AA-2 beta G in apples and other crops, indicating its general role in the metabolism of AA.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Xiumei Tao, Demin Kong, Huihu Zhang, Lingqia Su, Sheng Chen, Deming Rao, Beibei Wei, Jing Wu, Lei Wang
Summary: The study found that the mutations in two specific sites of CGTase can affect its substrate specificity and consequently the yield of AA-2G. Through the synthesis experiment of mutated variants of three CGTase enzymes, it was found that the yield of AA-2G decreased in two variants, while increased in the other three variants. This study proposes for the first time a method to improve AA-2G yield by weakening the selectivity of CGTase towards sugar byproducts, thus providing new insights into the modification of double-substrate transglycosylation enzymes.
BIOPROCESS AND BIOSYSTEMS ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Baojie Zhu, Wanxin Zhang, You Qin, Jing Zhao, Shaoping Li
Summary: The selection of a quality marker is crucial for the quality control of Lycium barbarum L. fruits, and this study proposes the use of 2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA-2 beta G) as an antioxidant biomarker. The optimal extraction conditions were determined using response surface methodology, and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography was used for quantification. The results showed that AA-2 beta G content in L. barbarum fruits from different regions was generally above 9 mg/g.
JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Xuelian Qi, Junlan Shao, Yinchu Cheng, Xiaoying He, Yan Li, Honghua Jia, Ming Yan
Summary: An alpha-glucosidase from Oryza sativa was heterologously produced in Pichia pastoris and used for the efficient biosynthesis of AA-2G. The purified enzyme displayed high specific activity at 37 degrees C and pH 4.0, and successfully synthesized AA-2G under specific conditions. These studies provide a foundation for the industrial application of alpha-glucosidase.
BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Tian Gan, Jingyi Fang, Yuxin Wang, Kaiqiang Liu, Yumin Sang, Hanchi Chen, Yuele Lu, Linjiang Zhu, Xiaolong Chen
Summary: The secretion of sucrose phosphorylase (SPase) in Bacillus subtilis WB800 does not require signal peptide. The combination of strong promoter P-43 and synthetic SPase gene from Bifido-bacterium longum (BloSPase) resulted in high extracellular activity (0.94 U/mL) for L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) glycosylation. The dual-promoter system P-sigH-100-P-43 achieved the highest extracellular and intracellular activity of 5.53 U/mL and 6.85 U/mL, respectively, in fed-batch fermentation. The production of AA-2G reached 113.58 g/L in the supernatant and 146.42 g/L in whole-cells biotransformation. The optimal dual-promoter system in B. subtilis is suitable for food-grade scale-up production of AA-2G.
ENZYME AND MICROBIAL TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Shao-Yan Zheng, Wei-Jie Zhou, Xiang-Na Lin, Fei-Fei Li, Chun-Fang Xie, Da-Ling Liu, Dong-Sheng Yao
Summary: This study introduces a rational molecular design strategy to regulate enzymatic reactions based on inhibiting the formation of ground state of enzyme-substrate complex. The mutant Y215W was obtained by analyzing the molecular docking binding energy and hydrogen bond formation between AG and the substrates. Compared with the wild-type, the mutant showed improved affinity towards AA-2G and increased synthesis efficiency.
BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Wei Song, Kai Zheng, Xin Xu, Cong Gao, Liang Guo, Jia Liu, Xiulai Chen, Liming Liu, Guipeng Hu, Jing Wu
Summary: Protein engineering was used to enhance the phosphorylation efficiency of Pseudomonas aeruginosa acid phosphatase for AsA-2P production, resulting in a mutant with significantly increased enzyme activity and conversion rate, showing great potential for large-scale production of AsA-2P.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kaori Miura, Hiroaki Matsuno, Yuji Iwaoka, Hideyuki Ito, Akihiro Tai
Summary: The study found that 2-Me-6-N-Palm-AA exhibited higher inhibitory activity in allergic reactions compared to 6-sPalm-AA-2G and might be a promising therapeutic candidate for allergic diseases.
Review
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Yudong Wu, Wujun Chen, Chao Wang, Dongming Xing
Summary: Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is a zinc-containing metalloprotein widely distributed in mammalian tissues that plays a vital role in clinical diagnosis. It is widely used for signal amplification in enzyme-linked assays and is a promising biomarker for disease diagnosis. Assays using L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (AAP) as a substrate have been developed to detect ALP activity, providing new insights into the construction of advanced sensing platforms for clinical diagnosis.
COORDINATION CHEMISTRY REVIEWS
(2023)
