Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sandra Santos-Sierra
Summary: Inflammatory arthritis is a group of diseases caused by dysregulated immune system activity, and various medications are used to control the excessive immune response. However, drug resistances, flare-reactions, and adverse effects to current therapies are common in affected patients.
Article
Immunology
Jacob H. L. Thomas, Liang Lui, Andrew Abell, William Tieu, Andrew A. Somogyi, Juliana E. Bajic, Mark R. Hutchinson
Summary: The study found that reducing TLR signaling pathway can enhance acute analgesic effects, but only male TIR8 deficient mice showed less morphine analgesia. TLR2 and TLR4 deficient mice can prevent analgesic tolerance, but MyD88 animals cannot. Withdrawal behaviors are only protected in TLR2(-/-) mice.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Katharina Radakovics, Claire Battin, Judith Leitner, Sabine Geiselhart, Wolfgang Paster, Johannes Stoeckl, Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Peter Steinberger
Summary: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential for recognizing microbial components and initiating immune responses. Although impurities containing TLR ligands can be problematic, this study developed a highly sensitive platform for detecting TLR ligands. By using specific reporter cell lines, the study demonstrated high specificity and sensitivity in detecting various TLR ligands. This system can be used to characterize different TLR ligands, including complex samples like bacterially expressed proteins or allergen extracts, and can help define the structural requirements for TLR agonists.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Arshpreet Kaur, Jeremy Baldwin, Deshkanwar Brar, Deepak B. Salunke, Nikolai Petrovsky
Summary: The development of new human adjuvants has been revolutionized by the discovery of toll-like receptors (TLRs), leading to a better understanding of their mechanisms of action. This work has important implications for the development of vaccines and immunotherapies against various diseases.
CURRENT OPINION IN CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Valentino Le Noci, Giancarla Bernardo, Francesca Bianchi, Elda Tagliabue, Michele Sommariva, Lucia Sfondrini
Summary: The microbiota is a complex ecosystem of active microorganisms in mammals, playing critical roles in maintaining health, symbiosis with the immune system, pathogen defense, and tolerance to commensal microbes. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key in sensing the microbiota, associated with cancer development, and potentially disrupting TLR tolerance.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Axel Dietschmann, Sebastian Schruefer, Stefanie Westermann, Fiona Henkel, Kirstin Castiglione, Ralf Willebrand, Jasmin Adam, Jurgen Ruland, Roland Lang, Donald C. Sheppard, Julia Esser-von-Bieren, Daniel Radtke, Sven Krappmann, David Voehringer
Summary: Eosinophilia is associated with various inflammatory diseases, such as allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA). It has been shown that direct interaction between eosinophils and Aspergillus fumigatus is essential for the activation of eosinophils, which then secrete multiple proinflammatory mediators. The PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway plays a crucial role in A. fumigatus-induced eosinophil activation.
Review
Cell Biology
Odilia B. J. Corneth, Stefan F. H. Neys, Rudi W. Hendriks
Summary: This review discusses the importance of abnormal B cell signaling in autoimmune diseases, focusing on aberrant B cell receptor (BCR) signaling and other signal transduction pathways. Therapeutic strategies for interfering with B cell signal transduction are also briefly discussed.
Article
Immunology
Bo Zhang, Wanghong Xiao, Geng Qin, Zelin Chen, Lihua Qiu, Xin Wang, Qiang Lin
Summary: Male pregnancy is an evolutionary innovation in syngnathids, and the immune resistance of the father to the fetus is a challenge. Comparative genomic analysis showed that these species lost three essential immune protection genes but compensated for it with altered antigen recognition genes. TLR genes were highly expressed in the placenta inside the seahorse brood pouch and responded to specific pathogenic antigens, suggesting their important role in male pregnancy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh, Michinori Kohara, Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
Summary: Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global health problem, and the link between Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and chronic HBV infection is being increasingly recognized. TLR agonists have the potential to enhance the host immune response against HBV infection and improve CHB treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Mengqi Ni, Yi Zhang, Jinbin Zheng, Zhaoxia Cui
Summary: This study investigated the activation function of a type I heat shock protein 40 (PtHSP40-I) from Portunus trituberculatus in the TLR pathway. The results showed that PtHSP40-I can bind to lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan, and also exhibit binding activity towards the extracellular leucine-rich repeat domain of Toll-like receptors. Moreover, PtHSP40-I promotes the translocation of the transcription factor Dorsal and participates in regulating the expression of anti-lipopolysaccharide factor and crustin. These findings provide insights into the activation mechanisms of the TLR pathway mediated by HSP40 and have implications for disease control in P. trituberculatus aquaculture.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jie Gu, Kongdong Li, Hong Lin, Yanwei Wang, Yang Zhou, Dongfeng Chen, Xin Gu, Haifeng Shi
Summary: Cadmium exposure inhibits the expression of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, and may affect the NF kappa B signaling pathway in mouse spleen tissues. By promoting autophagy-lysosomal degradation of TLR9, cadmium suppresses immune response under ConA activation condition.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yan Sun, LiangHong Chen, HeXiao Wang, PeiYao Zhu, ShiBin Jiang, RuiQun Qi, Yan Wu, XingHua Gao
Summary: AhR activation reduces inflammatory responses in a rosacea model by suppressing the TLR signaling pathway.
TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Rongzhong Huang, Zicheng Hu, Xiaorui Chen, Yu Cao, Hongrong Li, Hong Zhang, Yongyong Li, Liwen Liang, Yuxing Feng, Ying Wang, Wenhua Su, Zerui Kong, N. D. Melgiri, Lihong Jiang, Xingsheng Li, Jianlin Du, Yunqing Chen
Summary: The study shows that TLR2 and TLR4 signaling plays a proinflammatory and proatherosclerotic role in atherosclerosis, primarily mediated by Sub1. Knockout of Sub1 promotes M2 macrophage polarization and cholesterol efflux, reducing atherosclerotic burden.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Irene Veneziani, Claudia Alicata, Lorenzo Moretta, Enrico Maggi
Summary: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that activate innate immunity by recognizing pathogens. They are found on tumor cells, tumor microenvironment (TME) cells, and natural killer (NK) cells. TLRs on the cell surface recognize extracellular ligands, while TLRs in endosomes recognize microbial DNA or RNA. Engagement of TLRs activates intracellular pathways, leading to the production of inflammatory molecules. Endosomal TLR agonists have been shown to modify the TME and may be used as immunotherapeutic adjuvants to improve anti-tumor immunity.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Ratna Kumar Sreekantha, Christopher P. Mussari, Dharmpal S. Dodd, Laxman Pasunoori, Subramanya Hegde, Shana L. Posy, David Critton, Stefan Ruepp, Murali Subramanian, Luisa M. Salter-Cid, Debarati Mazumder Tagore, Sanket Sarodaya, Shailesh Dudhgaonkar, Michael A. Poss, Gary L. Schieven, Percy H. Carter, John E. Macor, Alaric J. Dyckman
Summary: Toll-like receptors are crucial for activation of the innate immune system. Aberrant activation of TLR7 and TLR8 can lead to autoimmune disorders, and inhibition of their signaling holds promise for disease treatment. A study identified potent dual inhibitors of TLR7 and TLR8, which selectively targeted these receptors and showed promising in vitro and in vivo results.
ACS MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Dermatology
Ann-Katrin Clauder, Anna Kordowski, Yannic C. Bartsch, Gabriele Koehl, Gina-Maria Lilienthal, Larissa N. Almeida, Timo Lindemann, Janina Petry, Christina N. Rau, Anna Gramalla-Schmitz, Lara Duehring, Claudia Elbracht, Samyr Kenno, Jenny Tillmann, Manfred Wuhrer, Ralf J. Ludwig, Saleh M. Ibrahim, Katja Bieber, Joerg Koehl, Marc Ehlers, Rudolf Armin Manz
Summary: This study found that in a mouse model of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, mice with the susceptible H2s haplotype showed increased numbers of autoreactive CD4(+) T cells and elevated production of proinflammatory factors, along with a higher frequency of IgG autoantibodies with specific glycan structures. These results reveal that susceptibility to autoimmune diseases associated with major histocompatibility complex II acuminates in a proinflammatory IgG glycosylation pattern.
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Larissa Nogueira Almeida, Ann-Katrin Clauder, Lingzhang Meng, Marc Ehlers, Sergio Arce, Rudolf Armin Manz
Summary: MHC haplotypes play a crucial role in the development of autoimmune diseases, modulating autoreactive B cell responses and facilitating the production of pathogenic IgG autoantibodies with reduced pathogenicity.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Melanie Albrecht, Bianca Schaub, Stefanie Gilles, Jorg Koehl, Sabine Altrichter, David Voehringer, Edzard Spillner, Marc Ehlers, Friederike Joensson, Karin Loser, Johannes U. Mayer, Lennart M. Roesner, Christian Moebs, Guido Heine, Wolfgang Pfuetzner
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bandik Foeh, Jana Sophia Buhre, Hanna B. Lunding, Maria E. Moreno-Fernandez, Peter Koenig, Christian Sina, Senad Divanovic, Marc Ehlers
Summary: The microbial metabolite butyrate promotes the differentiation of IgM(+) plasma cells and their expression of IL-10. HDAC3 inhibition may be involved in the underlying pathway for both plasma cell differentiation and IL-10 expression, while reduced mitochondrial superoxide levels are crucial only for plasma cell differentiation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christine Klein, Max Borsche, Alexander Balck, Bandik Foeh, Johann Rahmoeller, Elke Peters, Jan Knickmann, Miranda Lane, Eva-Juliane Vollstedt, Susanne A. Elsner, Nadja Kaeding, Susanne Hauswaldt, Tanja Lange, Jennifer E. Hundt, Selina Lehrian, Julia Giese, Alexander Mischnik, Stefan Niemann, Florian Maurer, Susanne Homolka, Laura Paulowski, Jan Kramer, Christoph Twesten, Christian Sina, Gabriele Gillessen-Kaesbach, Hauke Busch, Marc Ehlers, Stefan Taube, Jan Rupp, Alexander Katalinic
Summary: This study conducted long-term monitoring of COVID-19 infection rates through polymerase chain reaction and antibody testing of the local population. The study found higher infection rates in high-exposure groups, especially among nurses. Contact with COVID-19 patients was identified as the strongest risk factor, while public transportation, having children in school, or tourism did not affect infection rates.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Alexander Balck, Bandik Foeh, Max Borsche, Johann Rahmoeller, Eva-Juliane Vollstedt, Frederike Waldeck, Nadja Kaeding, Christoph Twesten, Alexander Mischnik, Gabriele Gillessen-Kaesbach, Marc Ehlers, Christian Sina, Stefan Taube, Hauke Busch, Jan Rupp, Alexander Katalinic, Christine Klein
Summary: Considering the spread of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, low vaccination rates, and the risk of post-COVID syndrome, targeted intervention measures are urgently needed. The ELISA-Study is a longitudinal surveillance study that aims to study immunity, post-COVID-19 symptoms, and related risk factors through PCR testing, antibody measurements, and questionnaires. This study enables continuous monitoring of the pandemic and identification of potential long-term effects.
Review
Immunology
Jana Sophia Buhre, Mareike Becker, Marc Ehlers
Summary: The development of inflammatory autoimmune diseases involves two steps, from harmless self-directed antibody responses to more inflammatory responses. Identifying biomarkers that signal the transition from the pre-disease to the disease stage can help determine the optimal time to initiate treatment and develop therapeutic strategies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Allergy
Lara Duehring, Janina Petry, Gina-Maria Lilienthal, Yannic C. Bartsch, Marie Kubiak, Clarissa Pfeufer, Selina Lehrian, Jana S. Buhre, Hanna B. Lunding, Carsten Kern, Jochen Behrends, Theresa Walsemann, Leonie Gaedert, Charline Sommer, Lynn Krueger, Veronique Blanchard, Susann Dehmel, Uta Jappe, Johann Rahmoeller, Marc Ehlers
Review
Immunology
Katja Bieber, Jennifer E. Hundt, Xinhua Yu, Marc Ehlers, Frank Petersen, Christian M. Karsten, Jorg Koehl, Khalaf Kridin, Kathrin Kalies, Anika Kasprick, Stephanie Goletz, Jens Y. Humrich, Rudolf A. Manz, Axel Kuenstner, Christoph M. Hammers, Reza Akbarzadeh, Hauke Busch, Christian D. Sadik, Tanja Lange, Hanna Grasshoff, Alexander M. Hackel, Jeanette Erdmann, Inke Koenig, Walter Raasch, Mareike Becker, Anja Kerstein-Staehle, Peter Lamprecht, Gabriela Riemekasten, Enno Schmidt, Ralf J. Ludwig
Summary: Approximately 5% of the world-wide population is affected by autoimmune diseases, which are still difficult to treat and have a significant economic impact. The progression from harmless to inflammatory autoimmune disease conditions is a key factor. Biomarkers that can predict this progression would be highly impactful. Factors such as genetics, environment, and lifestyle choices may influence the progression from benign to inflammatory autoimmune conditions. Research is needed to define and modulate autoimmune predisease.
AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Bandik Foeh, Jana Sophia Buhre, Christian Sina, Marc Ehlers
Summary: The modulation of inflammatory (auto)immune reactions by nutrients and gut bacterial metabolites is of great interest and can influence various aspects of B cell activity and plasma cell differentiation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Julie Van Coillie, Tamas Pongracz, Johann Rahmoeller, Hung-Jen Chen, Chiara Elisabeth Geyer, Lonneke A. van Vught, Jana Sophia Buhre, Tonci Sustic, Thijs Luc Junior van Osch, Maurice Steenhuis, Willianne Hoepel, Wenjun Wang, Anne Sophie Lixenfeld, Jan Nouta, Sofie Keijzer, Federica Linty, Remco Visser, Mads Delbo Larsen, Emily Lara Martin, Inga Kuensting, Selina Lehrian, Vera von Kopylow, Carsten Kern, Hanna Bele Lunding, Menno de Winther, Niels van Mourik, Theo Rispens, Tobias Graf, Marleen Adriana Slim, Rene Peter Minnaar, Marije Kristianne Bomers, Jonne Jochum Sikkens, Alexander P. J. Vlaar, C. Ellen van der Schoot, Jeroen den Dunnen, Manfred Wuhrer, Marc Ehlers, Gestur Vidarsson
Summary: The BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine induces transient afucosylated anti-S IgG1 responses in naive individuals, but not in antigen-experienced ones. Further studies are needed to determine the clinical context in which potent afucosylated responses would be preferred.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
H. Thiessen, N. Kaeding, B. Gebel, M. Borsche, S. Graspeuntner, L. Kirchhoff, M. Ehlers, J. Rahmoeller, S. Taube, J. Kramer, C. Klein, A. Katalinic, J. Rupp
Summary: This study analyzed samples from 679 employees of hotels and restaurants in a vacation area in Northern Germany from July to December 2020. Despite the increase in tourist influx, there was no significant increase in SARS-CoV-2 cases among tourism sector employees. However, the housekeeping sector in hotels was identified as a major risk factor for infection.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alvaro Mallagaray, Lorena Rudolph, Melissa Lindloge, Jarne Moelbitz, Henrik Thomsen, Franziska Schmelter, Mohamad Ward Alhabash, Mohammed R. Abdullah, Roza Saraei, Marc Ehlers, Tobias Graf, Christian Sina, Astrid Petersmann, Matthias Nauck, Ulrich L. Guenther
Summary: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra of human serum and plasma can identify the signals GlycA and GlycB, which come from the acetyl groups of glycoprotein glycans and serve as markers for inflammatory processes. This study provides a detailed assignment of glycoprotein glycan NMR signals in human serum, revealing that GlycA and GlycB signals correspond to specific N-glycans. The concentrations of acute phase glycoproteins, determined conventionally, show a strong correlation with distinctive features in the NMR spectra, enabling the simultaneous quantification of multiple acute phase inflammation proteins.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jana Sophia Buhre, Tamas Pongracz, Inga Kuensting, Anne S. S. Lixenfeld, Wenjun Wang, Jan Nouta, Selina Lehrian, Franziska Schmelter, Hanna B. B. Lunding, Lara Duehring, Carsten Kern, Janina Petry, Emily L. L. Martin, Bandik Foeh, Moritz Steinhaus, Vera von Kopylow, Christian Sina, Tobias Graf, Johann Rahmoeller, Manfred Wuhrer, Marc Ehlers
Summary: This study investigated the long-term antibody response to new mRNA-containing lipid nanoparticle vaccines and adenovirus-based vaccines. The study found that the antibody levels induced by mRNA vaccines decreased over time, while the levels induced by adenovirus-based vaccines remained stable. mRNA vaccines also induced a long-term IgG4 antibody response, which may affect long-term efficacy. These findings have potential implications for the long-term effectiveness of these novel vaccines.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Max Borsche, Dirk Reichel, Anja Fellbrich, Anne S. Lixenfeld, Johann Rahmoeller, Eva-Juliane Vollstedt, Bandik Foeh, Alexander Balck, Christine Klein, Marc Ehlers, Andreas Moser
Summary: A female patient experienced long-lasting cognitive impairment and persistent cerebrospinal fluid anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies 6 months after mild COVID-19, emphasizing the importance of neuropsychological testing and cerebrospinal fluid investigation in patients with relatively mild acute disease phase.
NEUROLOGICAL RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2021)
