Review
Mathematics, Applied
Joanna Sooknanan, Terence A. R. Seemungal
Summary: Mathematical models are increasingly used to model criminal behavior and support traditional crime prevention methods. This review focuses on recent efforts to model criminal behavior associated with gangs, delinquency, terrorism, and corruption using modified infectious disease compartmental models. The models are based on the premise that these behaviors are contagious and spread through association/contact with delinquent peers. The models vary in terms of the functions used to describe contact rates, the use of optimal control techniques, and their country of origin. The review also highlights the challenges involved in the modeling process.
APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Michal Piatek, Aleksander Lisowski, Magdalena Dabrowska
Summary: Two surface-related models were developed and found to outperform the first-order kinetics model in predicting the anaerobic digestion of microcrystalline cellulose. Analysis showed that particle size is a key factor in determining the kinetics of crystalline cellulose digestion. Further research is needed to assess the impact of crystalline cellulose particle size and surface properties on microbial cellulose hydrolysis rate.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Andrea Rivera del Rio, Nikkie van der Wielen, Walter J. J. Gerrits, Remko M. Boom, Anja E. M. Janssen
Summary: This study presents a dynamic, semi-mechanistic, compartmental protein digestion model to investigate the kinetics of protein digestion. The model considers various compartments in the digestive system and describes the processes of secretion, hydrolysis, grinding, and absorption. By simulating different types of meals, the study also highlights the relationship between gastric emptying rate and food energy density.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sara Sommariva, Giacomo Caviglia, Gianmario Sambuceti, Michele Piana
Summary: Compartmental analysis is a mathematical framework used for modeling tracer kinetics in dynamic Positron Emission Tomography. This paper reviews the construction and numerical optimization of compartmental models, with a specific focus on identifiability, sensitivity, and the impact of complex physiological conditions on the mathematical properties of the models.
Article
Business
Gabriel Andy Szalkowski, Patrick Mikalef
Summary: Due to the growing impact of digital platforms, it is increasingly important to understand their evolution through mathematical models. Modeling digital platforms is constrained by the scarcity of available data, so researchers resort to open access data like Google Trends. We provide a new interpretation of such data, using it as a proxy for the demand, in contrast with the previous method of considering it as the active userbase.
TECHNOLOGICAL FORECASTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Peijue Zhang, Kairui Feng, Yuqing Gong, Jieon Lee, Sara Lomonaco, Liang Zhao
Summary: Accurately predicting the spread of COVID-19 is crucial for global regulatory authorities. The compartmental model, with its flexible framework and high adaptivity, is widely used for this purpose. By evaluating the prediction performances of the compartmental models, improvements can be made and policymaking can be assisted.
Article
Plant Sciences
Charles Rashama, Grace N. Ijoma, Tonderayi S. Matambo
Summary: This review aims to compare methanogenesis in ruminant gut systems and industrial digesters using plant feedstocks, focusing on the effects of phytochemicals on microorganisms. Knowledge from ruminant methanogenesis processes can be used to understand and improve industrial biogas production systems.
PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Seonmin Lee, Kyung Jo, Hyun Gyung Jeong, Yun-Sang Choi, Hae In Yong, Samooel Jung
Summary: The fate of dietary proteins during gastrointestinal digestion has attracted increasing interest in the last decades. This study investigates the static/dynamic models used to simulate digestion in infants and the elderly, summarizes the in vitro digestive protocols targeting these two groups, and discusses the challenges associated with the further development of in vitro digestion models.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lidija Jakobek, Jozo Istuk, Andrew R. R. Barron, Petra Matic
Summary: Bioactive phenolic compounds in apples are released in the gastric and intestinal phases of in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion. The release kinetics of different phenolic subgroups were studied using modified equations of first- and second-order kinetics. The concentrations of phenolic compounds at the endpoint of release were well predicted by the kinetic equations, and the half-life of released compounds varied depending on the digestion phase and the kinetic model.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ronald J. Trotta, Kendall C. Swanson
Summary: Developmental programming is the concept that external influences can have long-term consequences for offspring growth, metabolism, and health. Maternal diet plays a crucial role in influencing gastrointestinal function in ruminant livestock species. Understanding how diet affects enzyme activity can lead to the development of dietary strategies to optimize offspring growth by increasing digestive efficiency.
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Rafael Bravo de la Parra
Summary: In this work, the construction of discrete-time systems with two time scales involving infectious diseases dynamics is proposed. Two general situations are dealt with. In the first situation, individuals affected by the disease move faster between generalized sites than the disease dynamics itself. The second situation involves a faster dynamics of the disease along with another slower general process. The article establishes conditions for the analysis of asymptotic behavior of the solutions by using known reduction results for discrete-time systems with two time scales, and applies these results to analyze two new models.
MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN THE APPLIED SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Cathrina H. Edwards, Peter Ryden, Giuseppina Mandalari, Peter J. Butterworth, Peter R. Ellis
Summary: This study compared the digestion kinetics of chickpea and durum wheat with different cell wall structures, revealing a cell wall barrier mechanism that may underpin the health effects of dietary fiber. Food processing can disrupt the structure of plant cell walls, affecting starch bioaccessibility.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Franco Blanchini, Paolo Bolzern, Patrizio Colaneri, Giuseppe De Nicolao, Giulia Giordano
Summary: We present a control problem for positive compartmental systems and solve the Pontryagin equations without trial and error. The solution is binary and the switching times are easily determined. We derive an analytic cost-to-go-function by solving a simple nonlinear differential equation. In the case of an infinite horizon, we show that the HJB equation can be exactly solved, with the optimal solution being constant and the cost-to-go function being linear and copositive. We propose an iterative scheme to solve this equation and provide examples related to flood control and epidemiology.
Article
Statistics & Probability
Michael Whitehouse, Nick Whiteley, Lorenzo Rimella
Summary: To address the challenge of scaling-up epidemiological inference to complex and heterogeneous models, the Poisson approximate likelihood (PAL) methods are introduced. PALs are derived from approximate filtering equations for finite-population, stochastic compartmental models, and the large population limit drives consistency of maximum PAL estimators. PALs are simple to implement and fast to evaluate, with no tuning parameters and computational cost independent of population size. Examples are provided to demonstrate the application of PALs in fitting an age-structured model of influenza, comparing over-dispersion mechanisms in a model of rotavirus, and evaluating unit-specific parameters in a meta-population model of measles.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES B-STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Juliana A. S. Leite, Carlos A. Montoya, Evelyne Maes, Charles Hefer, Raul A. P. A. Cruz, Nicole C. Roy, Warren C. Mcnabb
Summary: This study investigated how heat treatments affect protein hydrolysis in the milk of ruminants and found that the effects vary depending on the species and heat treatment applied. Self-digestion increased the potential antithrombin peptides in bovine milk. These findings suggest the potential application of enhancing bioactive peptides in the industry.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
J. G. O. Marques, R. de Oliveira Silva, L. G. Barioni, J. A. J. Hall, C. Fossaert, L. O. Tedeschi, F. Garcia-Launay, D. Moran
Summary: This study explores the trade-offs between environmental and economic factors in beef cattle feed formulation using multiobjective optimization. The results show that a combined strategy can effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions in a cost-effective manner.
AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Herlon M. Alhadas, Sebastiao C. Valadares Filho, Luis O. Tedeschi, Rizielly S. R. Vilela, Gilyard A. P. Souza, Bruno C. Lage, Breno C. Silva, Luciana N. Renno, Mario F. Paulino
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of including low-fat dried distillers grains in the diets of young Nellore bulls on protein and energy intake and retention, as well as estimate their protein and energy requirements. The results showed that including the grains reduced energy intake and deposition.
ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Osniel Faria de Oliveira, Mercia Virginia Ferreira dos Santos, James Pierre Muir, Marcio Vieira da Cunha, Evaristo Jorge Oliveira de Souza, Luis Orlindo Tedeschi, Harley Dean Naumann, Alexandre Carneiro Lea de Mello, Marcelo Santana Meireles
Summary: Semi-arid rangeland is an important multifunctional agricultural system where plant nutritive value can vary based on soil and climate conditions, and land use. The study found that Bauhinia cheilantha with high condensed tannin content can decrease rumen methane production and larval motility, potentially reducing gastrointestinal parasite infections. Adjusting forage allowance can impact condensed tannin levels, methane production, and larval motility, affecting the nutritional value of the legume.
BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Prem Woli, Francis M. Rouquette, Charles R. Long, Luis O. Tedeschi, Guillermo Scaglia
Summary: The energy requirements, feed intake, and performance of grazing animals vary daily due to changes in weather conditions, forage nutritive values, and plant and animal maturity throughout the grazing season. We developed a daily gain model for large-frame stockers grazing bermudagrass to address these changes. The revised model demonstrated satisfactory predictive accuracy and mimicked the observed ADG data pattern closely.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Kristin E. Hales, Carley A. Coppin, Zachary K. Smith, Zach S. McDaniel, Luis O. Tedeschi, N. Andy Cole, Michael L. Galyean
Summary: Reliable predictions of metabolizable energy (ME) from digestible energy (DE) are necessary for accurately prescribing nutrient requirements of beef cattle. A linear regression equation was developed to predict ME from DE, and a methane emission equation was also developed. The accuracy of these equations was evaluated using an independent database, and compared with other existing equations.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Genevieve M. D'Souza, Aaron B. Norris, Luis O. Tedeschi
Summary: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of sampling methods for methane concentration during in vitro gas production fermentation, compare methane measurements between different treatment methods, measure relative humidity within the bottles, and adjust methane concentration on a dry-gas basis. The results showed that there were differences in methane measurements among different treatment methods, and it is important to consider environmental conditions and use appropriate equations for more accurate results.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Genevieve M. D'Souza, Dias Batista Luiz Fernando, Aaron B. Norris, Luis O. Tedeschi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of live yeast supplementation, environmental condition, and their interaction on energy partitioning, nitrogen metabolism, and ruminal fermentation dynamics of steers receiving a grower-type diet. The results suggest limited effects of live yeast supplementation, but further research is needed to understand its potential in enhancing beef animals' performance in tropical and sub-tropical regions.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Luis O. Tedeschi, Jordan M. Adams, Ricardo A. M. Vieira
Summary: The complex polysaccharide matrix of the plant cell wall is a primary energy source for ruminant animals, but it is difficult to digest. Recent research has increased our understanding of the structure and synthesis of the cell wall and developed new techniques to improve its digestibility.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Luis O. Tedeschi, Karen A. Beauchemin
Summary: This article offers a science-based and data-driven perspective on the importance of the beef herd in the U.S. and its contribution to greenhouse gas emissions. Despite the small greenhouse gas contribution of U.S. beef cattle, there are many opportunities to reduce methane emissions from beef production, with a realistic estimate of a 5% to 15% reduction.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
H. M. Alhadas, S. C. Valadares Filho, L. O. Tedeschi, R. S. R. Vilela, G. A. P. Souza, B. C. Lage, K. R. Oliveira, M. V. C. Pacheco, P. Pucetti, J. T. Silva, L. A. Godoi, F. A. S. Silva, L. N. Renno, M. F. Paulino
Summary: This study evaluated the effect of adding low-fat dried distillers grains (DDG) in high-concentrate diets on intake and digestibility. The inclusion of DDG reduced the intake of total digestible nutrients (TDN), dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), non-fiber carbohydrates (NFC), and ether extract (EE). The intake of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) increased, while crude protein (CP) had a quadratic pattern. The total digestibility of DM, OM, NFC, and EE decreased, while the NDF digestibility increased. The ruminal rates of digestion decreased for DM and OM, while increased for NDF.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Andressa Scholz Berca, Abmael da Silva Cardoso, Natalia Vilas Boas Fonseca, Dennis P. Poppi, Luis Orlindo Tedeschi, Isabela Rita Coletti Micheletti, Willi Rocha Meireles, Ana Claudia Ruggieri, Ricardo Andrade Reis
Summary: This study investigated the independent or associated effects of different feeding times (0900 or 1700 hours) and two sources of energy supplementation (corn or citrus pulp) on the forage chemical composition, nutrient intake and digestibility, nitrogen use efficiency, microbial protein synthesis, animal performance, and gain per area in growing bulls. The results showed that supplementing with corn or citrus pulp at 0.3% body weight in the morning or afternoon can lead to a daily gain of up to 1.06 kg in young bulls grazed on fertile pastures.
ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
L. O. Tedeschi
Summary: Numerous mathematical nutrition models have been developed to predict the dietary supply and requirement of farm animals' energy and protein. However, these models have rarely been combined into generalized models due to their different attributes and the existence of offsetting errors. Improving the merging of extant models' concepts might be a more accessible and safer approach.
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jameson R. Brennan, Hector M. Menendez III, Krista Ehlert, Luis O. Tedeschi
Summary: Advancements in precision livestock technology have led to the collection of unprecedented amount of data on individual animals. However, there are many bottlenecks in the data analysis process, including processing raw data, integrating multiple streams of information, and incorporating data into animal models. Open-source code and tutorials can help overcome these bottlenecks and facilitate training the next generation of animal scientists. This paper highlights the importance of open-source code in addressing challenges in precision livestock technology and includes case studies to demonstrate its application in data processing, machine learning, and animal nutrition models.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Nicholas Free, Hector M. Menendez, Luis O. Tedeschi
Summary: This study designed and constructed a virtual cattle-handling simulation game called CowSim. The survey data revealed that students with prior cattle-handling experience did not feel more prepared to handle cattle after playing the game, but they indicated that they learned more about cattle handling. Students were generally optimistic about their playing experience and believed that the game was realistic enough to increase their preparedness for cattle handling.
EDUCATION AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Telisson Ribeiro Goncalves, Jose Renaldo Vilar da Silva Filho, Gilmar Amaro Pereira, Tarcisio Martins Meira, Moema Kelly Nogueira de Sa, Glayciane Costa Gois, Crislane de Souza Silva, Fleming Sena Campos, Sandra Mari Yamamoto, Gherman Garcia Leal de Araujo
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of diets containing vitiviniculture waste on intake, digestibility, water balance, nitrogen balance, ingestive behavior, performance, and carcass traits of lambs. The results showed that feeding lambs with diets containing 216 g/kg cactus pear and 144 g/kg vitiviniculture waste resulted in higher intake and digestibility.
ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Q. Zhang, C. L. Walk, A. J. Cowieson, K. Stamatopoulos, J. L. Wu, J. O. B. Sorbara
Summary: This study evaluated the efficacy of a novel phytase in terms of phytate hydrolysis and the digestibility of phosphorus and calcium in broiler chickens fed low and high phytate diets. The results showed that the phytase effectively hydrolyzed phytate and increased digestible phosphorus and calcium. The response to dietary phytate varied in terms of age and the specific nutrient being evaluated.
ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
J. Song, D. M. Holanda, C. H. Heuer, C. M. Nyachoti
Summary: This study determined the energy contents of hybrid rye fed to growing pigs, and investigated the effects of particle size on energy values. Results showed that finely ground hybrid rye had higher digestible energy and metabolizable energy compared to coarsely ground hybrid rye, while net energy only showed a slight improvement.
ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Mohamed Salah Ayyat, Ahmed Mohamed Nabil Ayyat, Mohamed S. Abdel-Rahman, Adham A. Al-Sagheer
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of replacing fish meal with sugar beet and carrot leaf protein concentrate in Nile tilapia. The results showed that replacing 75% of fish meal with leaf protein concentrate had no adverse effects on growth and health, and it was more efficient in terms of economic benefits.
ANIMAL FEED SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2024)