Review
Immunology
Steven M. Blum, Sherin J. Rouhani, Ryan J. Sullivan
Summary: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective cancer therapies but can cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs) with varying severity. The relationship between irAEs and antitumor immune responses is complex, depending on factors such as organ involvement, tumor histology, and individual patient characteristics. While some irAEs may indicate an immune response against tumor cells and healthy tissues, others may have no correlation with antitumor immunity. Low-grade irAEs appear to be positively associated with ICI treatment response, but the impact of severe irAEs on clinical benefit is unclear. Current management of severe irAEs involves interrupting or discontinuing ICI treatment and administering immunosuppressive agents, but this may compromise the anticancer effects of ICIs. Efforts to understand the mechanistic relationship between irAEs and the tumor microenvironment have identified potential therapeutic targets for managing irAEs and preserving or enhancing ICI efficacy.
IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Giovanna Muscogiuri, Gabriella Pugliese, Daniela Laudisio, Bianca Castellucci, Luigi Barrea, Silvia Savastano, Annamaria Colao
Summary: Emerging data suggest an association between obesity and infectious diseases, potentially due to chronic low-grade inflammation, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia weakening immune responses, as well as anatomical-functional changes and increased microbial proliferation in skin folds due to excessive adipose tissue.
Review
Oncology
Benshuo Cai, Kang Li, Gang Li
Summary: Obesity is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications, especially wound complications and infection after primary ovarian cancer surgery. However, obesity may not affect the rates of optimal debulking and 30-day mortality in patients undergoing ovarian cancer surgery. Additionally, an advanced minimally invasive robotic approach seems to be feasible for improving surgical outcomes in obese patients with ovarian cancer.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Verena M. Merk, Truong San Phan, Thomas Brunner
Summary: This review focuses on the role of locally produced glucocorticoids in regulating immune responses at epithelial barriers and their applications in various immune disorders, including asthma, psoriasis, and Crohn's disease. Studies have found that these locally synthesized hormones play a crucial role in inter-organ communication in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Alexis Jose-Abrego, Sonia Roman, Saul Laguna-Meraz, Arturo Panduro
Summary: This comprehensive review explores the interactions between Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the human host, and their impact on clinical outcomes. HBV infection can range from acute to chronic hepatitis B, potentially leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Geographical patterns of HBV genotypes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the human host genome have been associated with various clinical outcomes. The immune response and host metabolic pathways also play significant roles in disease progression and outcomes.
Article
Pediatrics
Laura Chen, Kayla Collado, Deepa Rastogi
Summary: Childhood obesity is associated with complex immune response differences in asthma, including non-allergic or non-T2 phenotypes and allergic Th cell responses. Evidence suggests that genetic and epigenetic mechanisms play a role in these immune responses, and may provide insights for the development of targeted therapies for obesity-related asthma.
PAEDIATRIC RESPIRATORY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Malke Asaad, Christopher Yao, Praneeth Kambhampati, David Mitchell, Jun Liu, Carol M. Lewis, Peirong Yu, Matthew M. Hanasono, Edward Chang
Summary: This study retrospectively analyzed cases of head and neck reconstruction surgery performed between 2005 and 2018. The results showed that high BMI is associated with longer operative times, but with meticulous surgical technique and diligent postoperative care, the majority of patients can undergo this surgery safely and reliably regardless of BMI, with similar rates of complications.
ANNALS OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Xiaonan Zhang, Simin Min, Yifan Yang, Dushan Ding, Qicai Li, Saisai Liu, Tao Tao, Ming Zhang, Baiqing Li, Shidi Zhao, Rongjing Ge, Fan Yang, Yan Li, Xiaoyu He, Xiaoxiao Ma, Lian Wang, Tianyu Wu, Tao Wang, Guowen Wang
Summary: This study systematically investigated the relationship between TP53 mutation status and immune response in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The researchers constructed an immune prognostic model using immune-associated genes and found that TP53 mutations were significantly associated with immune-related biological processes in LUAD. They also identified immune genes that differentially expressed between TP53 mutant and wild type LUAD patients and constructed an IPM using these genes to predict prognostic survival and immunotherapy responses in LUAD.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kilian B. Kennel, Florian R. Greten
Summary: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play crucial roles in immune cells and have both physiological and pathological effects. In the tumor microenvironment, ROS can suppress immune cell function while also serving as targets for cancer immunotherapy.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Brandon L. McClellan, Santiago Haase, Felipe J. Nunez, Mahmoud S. Alghamri, Ali A. Dabaja, Pedro R. Lowenstein, Maria G. Castro
Summary: Epigenetic remodeling is a key factor in glioma progression, contributing to gliomagenesis, tumor progression, and responses to immunotherapies. This remodeling involves changes in histone modifications, chromatin structure, and DNA methylation driven by mutations in genes such as H3C1, H3F3A, IDH1/2, ATRX, and others. Recent studies have focused on understanding the role of epigenetic alterations in shaping the tumor microenvironment (TME) and how therapies targeting epigenetic dysregulation affect the immune response and outcomes in glioma. The link between epigenetic remodeling and the glioma TME provides insights for the development of epigenetic-targeting therapies to improve antitumor immune response.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hiroki Hashimoto, Takamichi Ito, Toshio Ichiki, Yuichi Yamada, Yoshinao Oda, Masutaka Furue
Summary: This study retrospectively reviewed 51 patients with cutaneous immune-related adverse events (irAEs) following ICI therapy, showing maculopapular rash as the most common eruption with onset typically within a month. Most rashes improved with appropriate treatment and/or interruption of ICIs.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Gertrude Ecklu-Mensah, Jack Gilbert, Suzanne Devkota
Summary: Diet plays a crucial role in shaping the gut microbiota, with dietary selection pressures throughout life influencing the composition and diversity of microorganisms. Personalized dietary solutions should be tailored to an individual's personal history and nutritional needs.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alaa A. Aljabali, Mohammad A. Obeid, Rasha M. Bashatwah, Angel Serrano-Aroca, Vijay Mishra, Yachana Mishra, Mohamed El-Tanani, Altijana Hromic-Jahjefendic, Deepak N. Kapoor, Rohit Goyal, Gowhar A. Naikoo, Murtaza M. Tambuwala
Summary: Nanomaterials have been extensively studied in the medical and industrial sectors, but their potential toxicities have raised concerns. Researchers are interested in how nanoparticles interact with the immune system and their biomolecules. This review examines literature on the immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive effects of nanomaterials and their interactions with immune cells, as well as the possibility of creating stealth nanomaterials that evade the immune system.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Petya Atanasova, Dian Kusuma, Elisa Pineda, Gary Frost, Franco Sassi, Marisa Miraldo
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the impact of different elements of the food environment on dietary intake and obesity. The findings suggest that interventions in the consumer food environment can significantly improve dietary quality of children and adults, while the effect on BMI is not significant. The number and distance of unhealthy food outlets in the neighborhood increase fast-food consumption and higher BMI for children, and impact selected adult populations. The availability and distance to healthy food outlets significantly improve children's dietary intake and BMI, but have no significant effect on adults.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Irina Mihaela Abdulan, Gabriela Popescu, Alexandra Mastaleru, Andra Oancea, Alexandru Dan Costache, Doina-Clementina Cojocaru, Carmen-Marinela Cumpat, Bogdan Mihnea Ciuntu, Bogdan Rusu, Maria Magdalena Leon
Summary: This article examines the impact of diet during winter holidays on weight. The study found that most participants experienced significant weight fluctuations during holiday periods, and the weight gained during these times tended to be maintained even after the end of the studies. A supervised exercise program and controlled diet at work during Christmas were effective strategies for preventing weight gain and its negative effects in individuals with metabolic syndrome or weight problems. Additionally, attention should be paid to the psycho-social factors during holidays to avoid excessive calorie intake.
Article
Surgery
Christian Beltzer, Markus Quante, Myriam Rheinberger, Hideo Andreas Baba, Fuat Saner, Falko Fend, Thomas Biet, Alfred Koenigsrainer, Silvio Nadalini
Summary: Per the translation, the safety and value of PLB in brain-dead donors before organ removal is debated in the Eurotransplant region. PLB has a significant impact on donor organ allocation, especially for organs meeting extended donor criteria, leading to potential cost savings through optimized allocation and avoiding futile organ procurement.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yakup Kulu, Elias Khajeh, Omid Ghamarnejad, Mohammadsadegh Nikdad, Mohammadsadegh Sabagh, Sadeq Ali-Hasan-Al-Saegh, Silvio Nadalin, Markus Quante, Przemyslaw Pisarski, Bernd Jaenigen, Christoph Reissfelder, Markus Mieth, Christian Morath, Benjamin Goeppert, Peter Schirmacher, Oliver Strobel, Thilo Hackert, Martin Zeier, Rainer Springel, Christina Schleicher, Markus W. Buechler, Arianeb Mehrabi
Article
Surgery
Timm Heinbokel, Markus Quante, Jasper Iske, Yeqi Nian, Ryoichi Maenosono, Koichiro Minami, Yang Liu, Haruhito Azuma, Abdallah Elkhal, Stefan G. Tullius
Summary: Elderly organ transplant recipients have shown reduced effectiveness of CTLA4-Ig treatment compared to young recipients, likely due to decreased CD28 expression in CD4(+)T cells and altered regulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) with aging. These differences may have unique clinical implications for immunosuppression in elderly transplant recipients.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Andrea Della Penna, Jessica Lange, Rami Archid, Felix Hoenes, Alfred Koenigsrainer, Markus Quante
Summary: This study found that a high ratio of GRV/stapler firings was associated with decreased intraoperative bleeding, shorter hospital stay, and higher EBMIL at 12 months post-LSG, making it a superior predictive factor for postoperative complications and impaired weight loss compared to absolute number of stapler firings or GRV alone.
Letter
Surgery
BRITISH JOURNAL OF SURGERY
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jasper Iske, Midas Seyda, Timm Heinbokel, Ryoichi Maenosono, Koichiro Minami, Yeqi Nian, Markus Quante, Christine S. Falk, Haruhito Azuma, Friederike Martin, Joao F. Passos, Claus U. Niemann, Tamara Tchkonia, James L. Kirkland, Abdallah Elkhal, Stefan G. Tullius
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Astrid Deissler, Andrea Della Penna, Chiel van Geffen, Irene Gonzalez-Menendez, Leticia Quintanilla-Martinez, Anna Guenther, Nicole Schneiderhan-Marra, Dominik Hartl, Bernd Nuernberg, Alfred Koenigsrainer, Saeed Kolahian, Markus Quante
Summary: The study found that rapamycin delayed allograft rejection in obese graft recipients by enhancing suppressive immune cell function and shifting immune cell subsets towards anti-inflammatory conditions.
IMMUNOLOGY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Surgery
Markus Quante, Jasper Iske, Hirofumi Uehara, Koichiro Minami, Yeqi Nian, Ryochi Maenosono, Tomohisa Matsunaga, Yang Liu, Haruhito Azuma, David Perkins, Maria-Luisa Alegre, Hao Zhou, Abdallah Elkhal, Stefan G. Tullius
Summary: The study reveals the impact of obesity and bariatric surgery on transplant rejection and allograft survival in obese mice. Sleeve gastrectomies prior to transplantation attenuate T cell-derived alloimmune responses, prolonging allograft survival. Administration of taurodeoxycholic acid and valine increases graft survival and reduces donor-specific antibody levels in transplant patients.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TRANSPLANTATION
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Markus Quante, Linda Brake, Alexander Tolios, Andrea Della Penna, Christoph Steidle, Magdalena Gruendl, Anna Grishina, Helene Haeberle, Martina Guthoff, Stefan G. Tullius, Alfred Koenigsrainer, Silvio Nadalin, Markus W. Loeffler
Summary: This study summarizes the morbidity and mortality data of solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in 2020, revealing high hospitalization and mortality rates among these recipients, suggesting the need for careful adjustments to immunosuppressive therapies.
TRANSPLANTATION PROCEEDINGS
(2021)
Article
Biology
Markus Quante, Jasper Iske, Timm Heinbokel, Bhavna N. Desai, Hector Rodriguez Cetina Biefer, Yeqi Nian, Felix Krenzien, Tomohisa Matsunaga, Hirofumi Uehara, Ryoichi Maenosono, Haruhito Azuma, Johann Pratschke, Christine S. Falk, Tammy Lo, Eric Sheu, Ali Tavakkoli, Reza Abdi, David Perkins, Maria-Luisa Alegre, Alexander S. Banks, Hao Zhou, Abdallah Elkhal, Stefan G. Tullius
Summary: The study found significantly reduced systemic levels of taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA) and L-valine in obese mice, which were restored to levels comparable with lean mice after sleeve gastrectomy (SGx). Systemic treatment with TDCA and valine induced profound weight loss, similar to the effects observed after SGx, by reducing food intake through central inhibition of melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH).
Review
Oncology
Doerte Wichmann, Stefano Fusco, Christoph R. Werner, Sabrina Voesch, Benedikt Duckworth-Mothes, Ulrich Schweizer, Dietmar Stueker, Alfred Koenigsrainer, Karolin Thiel, Markus Quante
Summary: Flexible endoscopy plays an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of postoperative complications after esophageal cancer surgery, offering effective therapy with minimal invasiveness. During the past 20 years, significant advancements have been made in endoscopic treatment techniques for anastomotic bleeding, anastomotic insufficiency, anastomotic stenosis, and delayed gastric emptying.
Article
Oncology
Nick Seyfried, Can Yurttas, Markus Burkard, Benedikt Oswald, Alexander Tolios, Franziska Herster, Joseph Kauer, Tarkan Jaeger, Ingmar Koenigsrainer, Karolin Thiel, Markus Quante, Hans-Georg Rammensee, Sascha Venturelli, Matthias Schwab, Alfred Koenigsrainer, Stefan Beckert, Markus W. Loeffler
Summary: Recent research has shown that adding oxaliplatin-based hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) to cytoreductive surgery does not improve survival in patients with peritoneal metastasis from colorectal cancer. Our preclinical model also demonstrated limited effectiveness of short-term HIPEC in eliminating micrometastases. These findings support the lack of efficacy observed in clinical applications of HIPEC.
Article
Oncology
Xiangzhou Tan, Markus Quante, Zihua Chen, Zhikang Chen, Alfred Koenigsrainer, Doerte Wichmann
Summary: This study suggests that salvage surgery following endoscopic polypectomy may improve the survival rate of patients with invasive neoplasia, especially in patients with T1 stage. In addition, the T stage, size, and localization of polyps, as well as the level of CEA, were identified as significant predictors for lymphonodal and distant metastases.
Review
Surgery
Elizabeth Li
Summary: This study aimed to predict elective surgery capacity during future COVID-19 outbreaks by determining real-world COVID-19-related surgeon absence rates and conducting an expert elicitation study. Results showed that there was predicted sufficient surgical staff available at all times during the outbreak to maintain at least 75% of regular elective surgical volume.
