Article
Clinical Neurology
Tomas Jorda-Siquier, Melina Petrel, Vladimir Kouskoff, Una Smailovic, Fabrice Cordelieres, Susanne Frykman, Ulrike Mueller, Christophe Mulle, Gael Barthet
Summary: The distribution of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its fragments is altered in Alzheimer's disease (AD), leading to their accumulation around amyloid plaques with presynaptic proteins. This finding is associated with histopathological features and familial AD.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elena Alvarez-Marimon, Hiram Castillo-Michel, Juan Reyes-Herrera, Jofre Seira, Ester Aso, Margarita Carmona, Isidre Ferrer, Josep Cladera, Nuria Benseny-Cases
Summary: Amyloid plaques in the cortex of patients with advanced Alzheimer's disease have been characterized into two types: fibrillary plaques with iron accumulation mainly in Fe2+ form, and nonfibrillary plaques with a mixture of beta-sheet and unordered structures where Fe3+ predominates over Fe2+. This distinction in plaque types and metal composition could play a key role in understanding the progression of Alzheimer's disease.
ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Si Li, Ziqi Tian, Xiaohui Xian, Cuihuan Yan, Qiang Li, Nan Li, Xiaokang Xu, Xiaojie Hou, Xiaoyun Zhang, Yinan Yang, Sisi Xue, Shengkai Ma, Shuanlong Cui, Lijun Sun, Xiaoguang Yao
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the effects of catalpol on anti-amyloid beta (Aβ) and anti-neuroinflammatory effects in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model. Catalpol inhibited Aβ formation, reduced proinflammatory cytokines and cytotoxicity, downregulated neuroinflammation production, decreased Aβ deposits, and alleviated cognitive impairment. The administration of catalpol may be a promising strategy for treating AD.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Wangchen Tsering, Stefan Prokop
Summary: This article reviews the research on neuritic plaques and discusses their association with AD progression and symptoms. Neuritic plaques are linked to local immune activation, neuronal network dysfunction, and cognitive decline, highlighting the importance of understanding their formation mechanism for developing targeted therapies for AD.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Optics
Loes Ettema, Benjamin Lochocki, Jeroen J. M. Hoozemans, Johannes F. de Boer, Freek Ariese
Summary: This study presents a combination of label-free and non-invasive techniques to study the biomolecular composition of Alzheimer's disease (AD) human brain tissue. The results show the presence of autofluorescent carotenoids in the plaques and confirm it using Raman microscopy. The researchers also used stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy to investigate the shift of the beta-sheet Amide I peak in plaques.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Eunbi Cho, Kumju Youn, Huiyoung Kwon, Jieun Jeon, Wan-Seob Cho, Se Jin Park, Seung Hwan Son, Dae Sik Jang, Chan Young Shin, Minho Moon, Mira Jun, Nam-Jung Kim, Dong Hyun Kim
Summary: This study investigated the effects of eugenitol in an AD mouse model and found that it inhibits the formation of A beta plaques and reduces neuronal cell death. In silico docking simulation showed that eugenitol may interact with A beta monomers and fibrils.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Emerson A. Fonseca, Lucas Lafeta, Joao Luiz Campos, Renan Cunha, Alexandre Barbosa, Marco A. Romano-Silva, Rafael Vieira, Leandro M. Malard, Ado Jorio
Summary: The role of amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's disease and the application of micro-Raman spectroscopy in identifying and characterizing amyloid plaques; the study found that Raman spectroscopy can effectively identify the lipid-rich halo surrounding amyloid plaques and evaluate the optical biomarkers of AD progression.
Review
Neurosciences
M. Mahafuzur Rahman, Christofer Lendel
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is pathologically defined by the presence of A beta in extracellular senile plaques and tau in intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. Besides A beta, other constituents are accumulated in the plaques, mainly focusing on extracellular proteins, which may contribute to disruptions in the protein network and lead to AD and copathology. This review provides an overview of extracellular proteins interacting with A beta and their potential roles in AD pathology, as well as methods to analyze the incorporation of proteins in plaques.
MOLECULAR NEURODEGENERATION
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Rana Mabrouk, Maria Gotkiewicz, Tuomas Rauramaa, Heikki Tanila
Summary: DAPI is commonly used as a nuclear stain, but it can also specifically bind to the beta-sheet core of amyloid-beta plaques. Although DAPI staining may give a misleading impression, it is still a convenient and cost-effective method for staining both cell nuclei and amyloid plaques simultaneously.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Santiago Ramirez, Suelyn Koerich, Natalia Astudillo, Nicole De Gregorio, Rabab Al-Lahham, Tyler Allison, Natalia Pessoa Rocha, Fei Wang, Claudio Soto
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of removing Aβ from blood plasma on the accumulation of amyloid plaques in the brain. The results showed a reduction in Aβ levels in the plasma and insoluble brain fractions, as well as a decrease in amyloid plaque burden and changes in plaque size distribution in the cortex and hippocampus. These findings support the importance of targeting Aβ in the periphery and suggest plasma exchange as a potential non-pharmacological strategy for slowing down AD pathogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Christophe Sandt, Ferenc Borondics
Summary: Human hair medulla and cortex were chemically mapped at the sub-micron scale using Optical Photothermal Infrared microspectroscopy (OPTIR) and a Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL) source. The study revealed heterogeneity in hair medulla, with the presence of calcium carboxylates, aliphatic lipids, and wax esters. OPTIR proved to be a reliable method for measuring, mapping, and imaging dark and photosensitive samples, although it may underestimate or fail to detect weaker peaks such as CH3, C--O, and S--O.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Alex G. Nackenoff, Timothy J. Hohman, Sarah M. Neuner, Carolyn S. Akers, Nicole C. Weitzel, Alena Shostak, Shawn M. Ferguson, Bret Mobley, David A. Bennett, Julie A. Schneider, Angela L. Jefferson, Catherine C. Kaczorowski, Matthew S. Schrag
Summary: PLD3 is a lysosomal phospholipase D that plays a role in AD and cognition. PLD3 expression levels are associated with beta-amyloid plaque density and cognitive decline.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Eric E. Abrahamson, Julia K. Kofler, Carl R. Becker, Julie C. Price, Kathy L. Newell, Bernardino Ghetti, Jill R. Murrell, Catriona A. McLean, Oscar L. Lopez, Chester A. Mathis, William E. Klunk, Victor L. Villemagne, Milos D. Ikonomovic
Summary: In a post-mortem study, it has been found that the amyloid PET radioligand Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) interacts poorly with cotton wool plaques, which are common in familial Alzheimer's disease but rare in sporadic Alzheimer's disease. This limited interaction may lead to an underestimation of total amyloid burden in patients with familial Alzheimer's disease.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Guilian Xu, Susan Fromholt, David R. Borchelt
Summary: The amyloid pathology features of Alzheimer's disease can be classified into fibrillary and diffuse. Studies suggest that different populations of misfolded A beta conformers compete to populate the brain.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Romany Abskharon, Michael R. Sawaya, David R. Boyer, Qin Cao, Binh A. Nguyen, Duilio Cascio, David S. Eisenberg
Summary: In this study, the structure of RNA-bound tau protein fibrils was determined using cryo-EM. The findings demonstrate that RNA is necessary for the integrity of the fibrils and reveal a potential mechanism for the nucleating effects of RNA in neurodegenerative diseases. This research provides insight into the formation of protein aggregates in these diseases.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Shoug Alashmali, Chelsey Walchuk, Chris Cadonic, Benedict C. Albensi, Michel Aliani, Miyoung Suh
Summary: Choline supplementation during gestation has benefits for spatial memory but minor contributions to retina function. Larger sample size studies are needed to confirm the essentiality of choline for retina development.
NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mehdi Eshraghi, Aida Adlimoghaddam, Amir Mahmoodzadeh, Farzaneh Sharifzad, Hamed Yasavoli-Sharahi, Shahrokh Lorzadeh, Benedict C. Albensi, Saeid Ghavami
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a debilitating neurological disorder with no current cure. Pathological features such as amyloid plaques and tau tangles are characteristic of AD, but targeting these has not shown desired efficacy in patients. Autophagy, inflammation, and microglia play significant roles in AD pathogenesis and may provide potential therapeutic targets.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Nancy L. Olson, Benedict C. Albensi
Summary: Persons with dementia in long-term care face significant challenges, exacerbated by environmental design issues that contribute to the rapid spread of diseases like COVID-19 in these facilities.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Don A. Davies, Aida Adlimoghaddam, Benedict C. Albensi
Summary: COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is highly infectious and leads to a wide range of neurological symptoms in addition to respiratory issues. Treatment strategies should focus on reducing the NF-kappa B pathway to mitigate the severity of symptoms.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Md Imamul Islam, Pandian Nagakannan, Tetiana Shcholok, Fabio Contu, Sabine Mai, Benedict C. Albensi, Marc R. Del Bigio, Jun-Feng Wang, Md Golam Sharoar, Riqiang Yan, Il-Seon Park, Eftekhar Eftekharpour
Summary: The research identifies cathepsin L as a key player in inducing nuclear lamina damage in Alzheimer's disease. Targeting cathepsin L pharmacologically or genetically can mitigate lamin B1 degradation and associated changes. These findings shed light on a new aspect of AD pathophysiology that holds promise for therapeutic interventions.
Article
Neurosciences
A. Adlimoghaddam, T. Benson, B. C. Albensi
Summary: The mitochondrial theory of aging focuses on dysfunction of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, leading to the aging process; Studies have shown that mitochondrial transfusion can significantly improve mitochondrial function in elderly mice; Mitochondrial complex II may serve as a potential target for therapeutic interventions in aging.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Mohammad Golam Sabbir, Robert C. Speth, Benedict C. Albensi
Summary: This study aimed to quantify the protein level of CHRM1 in postmortem brain tissues of AD, PD, and FTD patients. The results showed a significant reduction of CHRM1 protein in the hippocampus and temporal cortex of dementia patients, which may explain the limited efficacy of AChE inhibitors in treating dementia.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Iman Beheshti, Natasha Geddert, Jarrad Perron, Vinay Gupta, Benedict C. Albensi, Ji Hyun Ko
Summary: The study assessed the efficacy of the MAD framework in tracking brain metabolic changes in the prodromal stage of Alzheimer's disease, with the GLM algorithm showing excellent performance in distinguishing between sMCI and pAD patients two years prior to diagnosis. Significant increases in MAD scores were identified in pAD, particularly close to diagnosis, and were associated with cognitive decline.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mehdi Eshraghi, Mazaher Ahmadi, Saeid Afshar, Shahrokh Lorzadeh, Aida Adlimoghaddam, Nahid Rezvani Jalal, Ryan West, Sanaz Dastghaib, Somayeh Igder, Seyed Reza Naeimi Torshizi, Amir Mahmoodzadeh, Pooneh Mokarram, Tayyebeh Madrakian, Benedict C. Albensi, Marek J. Los, Saeid Ghavami, Stevan Pecic
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a significant threat to global health due to an aging population. Current drugs for AD are not very effective, making the targeting of autophagy an attractive therapeutic approach. Drug repositioning is being considered as a time-efficient and cost-effective strategy for developing new therapies.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Hussein N. Yassine, Wade Self, Bilal E. Kerman, Giulia Santoni, NandaKumar Navalpur Shanmugam, Laila Abdullah, Lesley R. Golden, Alfred N. Fonteh, Michael G. Harrington, Johannes Graff, Gary E. Gibson, Raj Kalaria, Jose A. Luchsinger, Howard H. Feldman, Russell H. Swerdlow, Lance A. Johnson, Benedict C. Albensi, Berislav Zlokovic, Rudolph Tanzi, Stephen Cunnane, Cecilia Samieri, Nikolaos Scarmeas, Gene L. Bowman
Summary: Disturbances in brain energy supply increase the risk of synaptic loss, neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline. Nutritional and metabolic interventions that target metabolic pathways may have therapeutic potential for Alzheimer's disease prevention and management. This review explores how nutrition and metabolism can regulate brain bioenergetics and mitigate AD risk, presenting novel therapeutic nutrition approaches integrating gut microbiome studies and neuroimaging.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Pranav Mishra, Don A. Davies, Benedict C. Albensi
Summary: Post-menopausal women have a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease compared to men due to the decline in estrogen levels. Estrogen downregulates inflammatory cytokines in the central nervous system, providing neuroprotection against neurodegenerative diseases like AD. Neuroinflammation is associated with neurodegeneration and contributes to AD. The transcription factor NF-kappa B interacts with estrogen to modulate inflammation and influence the progression of AD. Further research on the interaction between NF-kappa B and estrogen could lead to the development of novel therapeutics.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Chitra Sivakumar, Catherine Rui Jin Findlay, Chithra Karunakaran, Jitendra Paliwal
Summary: The consumption of plant-based proteins sourced from pulses is sustainable and has benefits for agriculture, environment, food security, and nutrition. Understanding pulse milling processes and characterizing pulse flours will help optimize their blending with other ingredients. Advanced techniques like synchrotron-enabled material characterization can fill knowledge gaps and provide a multimodal approach to fully characterize pulse flours, aiding in their end-use suitability and optimization for food formulations.
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND FOOD SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Catherine R. J. Findlay, Jaskirat Singh, Mohammad Nadimi, Jitendra Paliwal
Summary: The metabolic actions of storage fungi and other microorganisms can cause spoilage and post-harvest losses in agricultural commodities. This study applied advanced oxidative process (AOP) technology to reduce mould on flaxseed. The results showed that AOP treatment significantly reduced mould in yellow flaxseed without adverse effects on germination rate, fatty acid value and moisture content.
FOOD AND BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Sophia Mirkin, Benedict C. Albensi
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects cognitive functions. Detecting AD early is crucial for treatment planning and preserving cognitive function. Neuroimaging plays a critical role in establishing diagnostic indicators of AD, but analyzing vast amounts of brain imaging data is challenging. Therefore, there is great interest in using artificial intelligence (AI) as an assistive tool in AD diagnosis.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Hussein N. Yassine, Cecilia Samieri, Gill Livingston, Kimberly Glass, Maude Wagner, Christy Tangney, Brenda L. Plassman, M. Arfan Ikram, Robin M. Voigt, Yian Gu, Sid O'Bryant, Anne Marie Minihane, Suzanne Craft, Howard A. Fink, Suzanne Judd, Sandrine Andrieu, Gene L. Bowman, Edo Richard, Benedict Albensi, Emily Meyers, Serly Khosravian, Michele Solis, Maria Carrillo, Heather Snyder, Francine Grodstein, Nikolaos Scarmeas, Lon S. Schneider
Summary: Observational studies suggest potential cognitive benefits of nutritional factors, but systematic reviews of randomised trials show null effects. This article presents limitations in existing nutrition clinical trials for dementia prevention and provides recommendations for future trial developments.
LANCET HEALTHY LONGEVITY
(2022)