Article
Orthopedics
Alexander R. Keeble, Camille R. Brightwell, Christine M. Latham, Nicholas T. Thomas, C. Brooks Mobley, Kevin A. Murach, Darren L. Johnson, Brian Noehren, Christopher S. Fry
Summary: ACL tear leads to muscle atrophy and deficits in protein synthesis and anabolic signaling. These deficits occur before significant muscle atrophy.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David L. Dai, S. M. Naimul Hasan, Geoffrey Woollard, Yazan M. Abbas, Stephanie A. Bueler, Jean-Philippe Julien, John L. Rubinstein, Mohammad T. Mazhab-Jafari
Summary: The study successfully purified endogenous pTSC using a recombinant antigen binding fragment, revealing the potential formation of large oligomers. Samples extracted from pig brains showed protein particles and filaments with conformational flexibility, indicating the polymerization of endogenous pTSC into filamentous superstructures.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Matthew D. Watson, Brett L. Cross, Gregory J. Grosicki
Summary: Globally, the population aged 65 and older is growing rapidly, facing issues such as changes in body composition, declines in cardiorespiratory fitness, and reductions in muscle size and function. Decreased muscle protein synthesis in response to anabolic stimuli plays a key role in the development of sarcopenia in aging individuals. Recent studies suggest a bidirectional gut-muscle axis affecting aging muscle health, with lifestyle habits potentially impacting changes in the microbiome.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rossana Segreto, Hoda Bazafkan, Julia Millinger, Martina Schenk, Lea Atanasova, Maria Doppler, Christoph Bueschl, Melanie Boeckstaens, Silvia Soto Diaz, Ulrike Schreiner, Fabiano Sillo, Raffaella Balestrini, Rainer Schuhmacher, Susanne Zeilinger
Summary: Trichoderma atroviride, a well-known mycoparasite used for plant protection, shows tightly regulated mycoparasitic activity involving production of enzymes and metabolites, influenced by TOR1 activity. Genetic manipulation affecting TOR pathway components in T. atroviride alters various cellular functions, highlighting the importance of TOR signaling in its antagonistic activity.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
T. W. Jones, L. Eddens, J. Kupusarevic, D. C. M. Simoes, M. J. W. Furber, K. A. van Someren, G. Howatson
Summary: The study did not find support for a molecular interference effect in cyclists under controlled conditions. There was no intensity-dependent regulation of AMPK, nor differential activation of anabolism with the manipulation of endurance exercise intensity.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alan A. Aragon, Kevin D. Tipton, Brad J. Schoenfeld
Summary: Age-related loss of muscle mass, strength, and performance, referred to as sarcopenia, has detrimental effects on human health. Intervention strategies combining exercise and nutrition have been proposed, but age-related blunting of muscle protein synthesis can hinder their efficacy. Multiple mechanisms, including reduced molecular signaling activity, insulin-mediated capillary recruitment, and increased splanchnic retention of amino acids, contribute to anabolic resistance. Obesity and sedentarism can worsen anabolic resistance through insulin resistance and inflammation. This review discusses key factors and proposes practical dietary interventions to prevent and mitigate anabolic resistance.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wencheng Fu, Geng Wu
Summary: The mTORC1 signaling pathway regulates cell growth and metabolism, and inhibiting this pathway has potential therapeutic applications for cancer and longevity. The TSCC protein complex is a negative regulator of this pathway, but its large size and complex structure limit its usefulness. By understanding the structural mechanism of TSC2, researchers designed two smaller proteins, SSG-MTM and SSG-TSC1N, which can negatively regulate Rheb and mTORC1. Biochemical and cell biological assays confirmed that these designed proteins can promote GTPase activity, inhibit kinase activity of mTORC1, and prevent down-regulation of catabolism and autophagy.
Article
Sport Sciences
Sidney Abou Sawan, Nathan Hodson, Julia M. Malowany, Daniel W. D. West, Cassidy Tinline-Goodfellow, Matthew S. Brook, Kenneth Smith, Philip J. Atherton, Dinesh Kumbhare, Daniel R. Moore
Summary: Resistance training increases muscle strength, thickness, and fiber cross-sectional area. MyoPS increases to a greater extent in males and is associated with muscle hypertrophy, potentially due to altered mTOR localization.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Niloofar Shekoohi, Miryam Amigo-Benavent, Guilherme Wesley Peixoto da Fonseca, Padraigin A. Harnedy-Rothwell, Richard J. FitzGerald, Brian P. Carson
Summary: Blue whiting protein hydrolysates have potential anabolic effects on muscle growth and protein synthesis, but the impact varies among different hydrolysates.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Caroline M. M. Loos, Kyle R. McLeod, Eric S. Vanzant, Sophie A. Stratton, Adam D. Bohannan, Robert J. Coleman, David A. van Doorn, Kristine L. Urschel
Summary: The objective of this study was to analyze the temporal changes of phosphorylation patterns of mTOR signaling proteins in horses with and without insulin dysregulation in response to two different dietary protein sources. The results showed that consuming higher quality protein sources resulted in greater postprandial activation of the mTOR pathway, and insulin dysregulation did not impair the postprandial activation of mTOR and rpS6 proteins.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Mary Rose Branch, Cynthia L. Hsu, Kohta Ohnishi, Wen-Chuan Shen, Elian Lee, Jill Meisenhelder, Brett Winborn, Bryce L. Sopher, J. Paul Taylor, Tony Hunter, Albert R. La Spada
Summary: mTORC1 is a crucial regulator of cellular metabolism, particularly influenced by amino acid supply. The signaling pathway through which MAP4K3 controls mTORC1 activation has been unknown. This research demonstrates that MAP4K3 represses the LKB1-AMPK pathway by interacting with SIRT1 and phosphorylating it, thereby activating mTORC1 and dictating cellular metabolic disposition.
LIFE SCIENCE ALLIANCE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Marisol Estrella Armijo, Emilia Escalona, Daniela Pena, Alejandro Farias, Violeta Morin, Matthias Baumann, Bert Matthias Klebl, Roxana Pincheira, Ariel Fernando Castro
Summary: A new PDE delta inhibitor, Deltasonamide 1, disrupts Rheb-PDE delta interaction, reduces mTORC1 activation, and exhibits antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects in Tsc2-null MEFs.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Shuaijie Lv, Xiaojian Wang, Shuaijie Jin, Shaoning Shen, Rui Wang, Peijian Tong
Summary: The study found that quercetin can alleviate knee osteoarthritis by mediating the TSC2-RHEB-mTOR signaling pathway. It reduces joint injury, suppresses inflammation, and promotes the survival and synthesis of chondrocytes.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Makoto Araki, Kaho Yoshimoto, Meguri Ohta, Toshiaki Katada, Kenji Kontani
Summary: Small GTPases cycle between inactive GDP-bound and active GTP-bound states to regulate cellular events, and understanding their guanine nucleotide-bound states is crucial. A versatile HPLC-based assay was developed to directly quantify guanine nucleotides bound to small GTPases, providing a valuable tool for analyzing their activities in various cellular processes. This assay was validated with RAS subfamily GTPases and applied to study psychiatric disorder-associated mutations of RHEB, revealing increased GTP-bound forms and underlying mechanisms involved in their activation.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Daniely Messias Costa, Joao da Cruz- Filho, Alan Bruno Silva Vasconcelos, Joao Victor Gomes- Santos, Luis Carlos Reis, Waldecy de Lucca Jr, Enilton Aparecido Camargo, Sandra Lauton- Santos, Neusa Maria Zanon, Isis do Carmo Kettelhut, Luiz Carlos Navegantes, Andre de Souza Mecawi, Daniel Badaue Passos, Danilo Lustrino
Summary: The study found that oxytocin (OT) directly inhibits proteolytic activities in rat oxidative skeletal muscle by activating the Akt/FoxO signaling pathway, suppressing atrogene expression, and promoting muscle mass gain without affecting protein synthesis.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Michael Mazzulla, Sidney Abou Sawan, Eric Williamson, Sarkis J. Hannaian, Kimberly A. Volterman, Daniel W. D. West, Daniel R. Moore
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2020)
Article
Physiology
Sidney Abou Sawan, Nathan Hodson, Paul Babits, Julia M. Malowany, Dinesh Kumbhare, Daniel R. Moore
Summary: Both males and females show similar responses to satellite cells (SC) after acute and chronic resistance exercise, and the increase in SC and myonuclear content is related to muscle fiber hypertrophy.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Amadeo F. Salvador, Colleen F. McKenna, Kevin J. M. Paulussen, Alexander R. Keeble, Andrew T. Askow, Hsin-Yu Fang, Zhong Li, Alexander Ulanov, Scott A. Paluska, Daniel R. Moore, Nicholas A. Burd
Summary: In middle-aged adults during the early phase of resistance training adaptations, moderate protein intake is sufficient to support skeletal muscle adaptive response, while additional protein intake above moderate amounts does not potentiate longer-term muscle protein synthesis responses.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2021)
Review
Sport Sciences
Daniel R. Moore
Summary: Research on protein requirements for athletes has primarily focused on younger individuals, making it challenging to apply these findings to older Master athletes. Master athletes exhibit similar muscle characteristics and physiological responses to exercise as young athletes, suggesting that their protein requirements are likely similar as well.
Article
Cell Biology
Nathan Hodson, Michael Mazzulla, Maksym N. H. Holowaty, Dinesh Kumbhare, Daniel R. Moore
Summary: This study identified the cellular location of mTORC1-mediated phosphorylation event (RPS6(Ser240/244)) in human skeletal muscle following anabolic stimuli. The findings suggest that RPS6 phosphorylation occurs to a greater extent in the periphery of muscle fibers.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Matthew J. Lees, Nathan Hodson, Cassidy T. Tinline-Goodfellow, Hugo J. W. Fung, Antonis Elia, Daniel R. Moore
Summary: The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 as the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic has had a disproportionate impact on older people, who have a higher risk of severe infection and mortality. While vaccines have been developed, there are ongoing clinical trials to repurpose existing drugs, such as rapamycin, to combat severe infection. Rapamycin has immunosuppressant effects mediated by its inhibition of mTOR, a regulator of cell growth. However, the effects of rapamycin on skeletal muscle in older people and the availability of effective antiviral medications may reduce the relevance of drug repurposing for future pandemics.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Michael Mazzulla, Nathan Hodson, Daniel W. D. West, Dinesh A. Kumbhare, Daniel R. Moore
Summary: There is a limited number of non-invasive tools available to measure anabolic sensitivity in response to acute physiological stimuli, which poses a challenge for research in free-living settings and vulnerable populations. This study tested the efficacy of a stable isotope breath test to detect changes in leucine oxidation and retention across a range of anabolic sensitivities. The results demonstrated that this non-invasive method based on leucine metabolism can accurately detect differences in anabolic sensitivity.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Daniel R. Moore, Eric P. Williamson, Nathan Hodson, Stephanie Estafanos, Michael Mazzulla, Dinesh Kumbhare, Jenna B. Gillen
Summary: Interrupting prolonged sitting with brief periods of activity can improve the efficiency of dietary amino acid utilizations for muscle contractile protein synthesis, highlighting the importance of minimizing sedentary time to enhance postprandial metabolism.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Marcus Waskiw-Ford, Nathan Hodson, Hugo J. W. Fung, Daniel W. D. West, Philip Apong, Raza Bashir, Daniel R. Moore
Summary: The ingestion of EAA+ or BCAA provided similar retention of leucine for protein synthesis following home-based bodyweight resistance exercise, but EAA+ most effectively attenuated myofibrillar protein breakdown.
Article
Cell Biology
Alasdair Cameron, Griffen Wakelin, Nicholas Gaulton, Laura Young, Scott Wotherspoon, Nathan Hodson, Matthew J. Lees, Daniel R. Moore, Adam P. Johnston
Summary: Skeletal muscle repair and maintenance in humans rely on interstitial cell populations such as vascular cells and fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs). The study revealed the presence of a vascular-related cell type, termed endothelial-like pericytes (ELPCs), which may represent a transition state between endothelial cells and pericytes. FAPs expressing TWIST2 mRNA and protein were also identified. These findings shed light on the complexity of stromal cells in human skeletal muscle and demonstrate the usefulness of single-cell RNA sequencing for characterizing poorly described cell populations.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eric Williamson, Hiroyuki Kato, Kimberly A. A. Volterman, Katsuya Suzuki, Daniel R. Moore
Summary: Daily amino acid intake during endurance training can maintain the stability of the plasma free amino acid pool, attenuate myofibrillar protein breakdown, and support better exercise recovery and whole-body net protein balance in athletes.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Takeshi M. Barnes, Max T. Deutz, Zan Zupancic, Andrew T. Askow, Daniel R. Moore, Nicholas A. Burd
Summary: This paper argues that optimizing protein intakes rather than maximizing them can prevent an excessive focus on muscle-centric protein requirements. An optimal eating approach aims to minimize amino acid waste and effectively promote muscle protein growth after meals. To achieve this, it is important to recognize that higher quality protein foods are more efficient in delivering essential amino acids into circulation, and the food matrix can be utilized to enhance the incorporation of these amino acids into muscle proteins.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Daniel R. Moore
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2019)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Joseph W. Beals, Nicholas A. Burd, Daniel R. Moore, Stephan van Wet
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2019)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nicholas A. Burd, Colleen F. McKenna, Amadeo F. Salvador, Kevin J. M. Paulussen, Daniel R. Moore
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2019)