Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yuxin Li, Zhen Huang, Yan Gong, Yansong Zheng, Qiang Zeng
Summary: This study explores the relationship between bone mineral density and body composition indicators in Chinese adults aged 50 and above. It found that age, smoking, homocysteine levels, and blood glucose levels are independent risk factors for osteoporosis. Increasing body weight, particularly lean muscle mass, while controlling body fat percentage, can reduce the risk of osteoporosis.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jiacheng He
Summary: This study evaluated the correlation between the ratio of creatinine to body weight (Cre/BW) and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Chinese population. The results showed an L-shaped relationship between Cre/BW ratio and T2DM risk, with a significant reduction in T2DM risk when the Cre/BW ratio was less than 0.86, and a slower reduction when the ratio was greater than 1.36.
DIABETOLOGY & METABOLIC SYNDROME
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Rami Al-Jafar, Nisa Sri Wahyuni, Karim Belhaj, Mohammad Hamed Ersi, Zahra Boroghani, Amer Alreshidi, Zahra Alkhalaf, Paul Elliott, Konstantinos K. K. Tsilidis, Abbas Dehghan
Summary: This study investigated the effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on anthropometry and body composition. The results showed reductions in weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, basal metabolic rate, fat percentage, etc., during the fasting period, but these parameters started to reverse after fasting. This phenomenon was also confirmed in other studies.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Eric Bartholomae, Jessica Knurick, Carol S. Johnston
Summary: A growing number of Americans are adopting vegetarian or vegan diets, raising concerns about sufficient protein intake. This study found that vegetarian participants had lower protein intake, lean body mass, serum creatinine, and handgrip strength compared to omnivorous participants. However, regardless of diet, serum creatinine concentrations correlated with lean body mass and strength in healthy adults.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jolanta Malinowska-Borowska, Malgorzata Piecuch, Patryk Szlacheta, Aleksandra Kulik, Jacek Niedziela, Jolanta Urszula Nowak, Lukasz Pyka, Mariusz Gasior, Piotr Rozentryt
Summary: Low spot urinary creatinine concentration (SUCR) has been linked to poor prognosis in heart failure (HF) patients. However, its correlation with body composition markers and volume overload markers has not been studied before. This study aimed to determine the prognostic value of SUCR after adjusting for body composition and volume overload markers in HF patients.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xin Zhang, Ke Deng, Yulai Yuan, Lei Liu, Shuwen Zhang, Changyong Wang, Gang Wang, Hongping Zhang, Lei Wang, Gaiping Cheng, Lisa G. Wood, Gang Wang
Summary: This study identified three distinct clusters of asthma patients based on body composition, which showed significant differences in clinical features and asthma outcomes. The importance of evaluating body composition for determining nutritional status in clinical practice was reinforced by the data.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Spyridon Methenitis, Tzortzis Nomikos, Eleni Kontou, Kleio-Maria Kiourelli, George Papadimas, Constantinos Papadopoulos, Gerasimos Terzis
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between muscle fiber composition and body composition in healthy, normal-weight females. The results showed that individuals with higher proportions of type I muscle fibers had a healthier body composition, while those with lower proportions of type I muscle fibers were more prone to diet-induced obesity, regardless of their caloric and fat intake.
NUTRITION METABOLISM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mousa Khalafi, Aref Habibi Maleki, Mohammad Hossein Sakhaei, Sara K. Rosenkranz, Mohammad Javad Pourvaghar, Mahsa Ehsanifar, Hadis Bayat, Mallikarjuna Korivi, Yubo Liu
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of exercise training on body composition outcomes in postmenopausal women. The results showed that exercise training effectively increased muscle mass/volume, muscle and fiber cross-sectional area and fat-free mass, and decreased fat mass, body fat percentage, waist circumference and visceral fat.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Gyu Seok Oh, Ju-Hak Lee, Kyunghee Byun, Dong-Il Kim, Ki Deok Park
Summary: The study confirmed that combining resistance exercise with leucine-rich protein supplements is more effective in preventing sarcopenia in the elderly than just performing resistance exercise alone.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Nik Sheng Ding, Daniel Tassone, Ibrahim Al Bakir, Kyle Wu, Alexander J. Thompson, William R. Connell, George Malietzis, Phillip Lung, Siddharth Singh, Chang-ho Ryan Choi, Simon Gabe, John T. Jenkins, Ailsa Hart
Summary: This review examines the impact and importance of body composition in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The findings suggest that alterations in body composition parameters are common in IBD patients, both during active disease and clinical remission, and are associated with poorer prognoses and treatment outcomes. Further investigation and application of body composition parameters have the potential to improve IBD outcomes in the future.
JOURNAL OF CROHNS & COLITIS
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Rubens J. van den Berg, Jayanti N. Pos, Linda E. Scheffers, Linda E. M. van den Berg, Willem A. Helbing
Summary: Fontan circulation is an abnormal circulatory state that affects organ systems. This review examines body composition and related outcomes in Fontan patients. The review included 18 studies with a total of 774 Fontan patients. The results showed increased fat mass and decreased muscle or lean mass in Fontan patients, despite having a normal BMI. This unfavorable body composition was associated with adverse outcomes such as decreased exercise capacity and worse cardiac function.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sharon H. Chou, Elle M. Murata, Cindy Yu, Jacqueline Danik, Gregory Kotler, Nancy R. Cook, Vadim Bubes, Samia Mora, Paulette D. Chandler, Deirdre K. Tobias, Trisha Copeland, Julie E. Buring, JoAnn E. Manson, Meryl S. LeBoff
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D-3 supplementation on weight and body composition, and the results showed that there were no significant effects on weight, BMI, or measures of adiposity and lean tissue. However, it did slightly improve body fat percentage in participants with normal BMI at baseline, indicating a potential benefit for individuals with normal weight.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Stefano Sbrignadello, Christian Goebl, Andrea Tura
Summary: Sarcopenia is a severe complication in type 2 diabetes, and nutritional aspects play a role in its development. Bioelectrical impedance analysis is an effective and cost-efficient method to assess body composition in T2DM patients with sarcopenia or at risk. However, more validation studies are needed in this specific population.
Review
Physiology
Wolfgang Kemmler, Mahdieh Shojaa, James Steele, Joshua Berger, Michael Frohlich, Daniel Schoene, Simon von Stengel, Heinz Kleinoder, Matthias Kohl
Summary: This study found significant effects of whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) on body composition and strength parameters in non-athletic cohorts. Muscle mass and strength changes were important, while changes in body fat mass were not significant.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chaoran Liu, Keith Yu-Kin Cheng, Xin Tong, Wing-Hoi Cheung, Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow, Sheung Wai Law, Ronald Man Yeung Wong
Summary: This study aimed to explore the relationship between obesity and sarcopenia, and the optimal proportion of fat and muscle for old individuals. The results showed that obesity was a risk factor for sarcopenia, and there was a positive correlation between muscle mass and fat mass. It was recommended that older females should have a body fat percentage between 26.0-34.6%, while older males should have a body fat percentage below 23.9% to prevent sarcopenia.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Melissa Emery Thompson
Summary: In species with intense male competition, females delay or accelerate puberty to moderate the risks of inbreeding and infanticide, according to a new study of wild gelada monkeys.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Cheryl D. Knott, Erin E. Kane, Mariamah Achmad, Elizabeth J. Barrow, Meredith L. Bastian, Josephine Beck, Andrea Blackburn, Terri L. Breeden, Nancy Lou Conklin Brittain, Jennifer J. Brousseau, Ella R. Brown, Michelle Brown, Laura A. Brubaker-Wittman, Gail A. Campbell-Smith, Andrew de Sousa, Andrea L. DiGiorgio, Cathryn A. Freund, Victoria I. Gehrke, Alys Granados, John Harting, Faye S. Harwell, Andrea Johnson, Petrus Kanisius, James R. Kemsey, Sulidra Frederik Kurniawan, Desi Kurniawati, Timothy G. Laman, Andrew J. Marshall, Ranti Naruri, Caitlin A. O'Connell, Brodie J. Philp, Edi Rahman, Riyandi, Natalie J. Robinson, Amy M. Scott, Katherine S. Scott, Tatang Mitra Setia, Wuryantari Setiadi, Endro Setiawan, Ibrahim Sumardi, Robert Rodriguez Suro, Frederik Wendi Tamariska, Melissa Emery Thompson, Betsy Yaap, Tri Wahyu Susanto
Summary: The Gunung Palung Orangutan Project has been researching critically endangered Bornean orangutans in Indonesia since 1994, with a focus on understanding how the unique rainforest environment of Southeast Asia impacts orangutan behavior, physiology, and health. Through the development of non-invasive techniques and an integrated biology approach, the project has increased understanding of the ecological and evolutionary pressures shaping orangutan adaptations.
BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aspen T. Reese, Sarah R. Phillips, Leah A. Owens, Emily M. Venable, Kevin E. Langergraber, Zarin P. Machanda, John C. Mitani, Martin N. Muller, David P. Watts, Richard W. Wrangham, Tony L. Goldberg, Melissa Emery Thompson, Rachel N. Carmody
Summary: Research found significant variations in gut microbiota of wild chimpanzees at different ages, different from the patterns observed in humans. Chimpanzee infants have similar microbial compositions to human infants, but show higher diversity compared to older conspecifics.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Herman Pontzer, Mary H. Brown, Brian M. Wood, David A. Raichlen, Audax Z. P. Mabulla, Jacob A. Harris, Holly Dunsworth, Brian Hare, Kara Walker, Amy Luke, Lara R. Dugas, Dale Schoeller, Jacob Plange-Rhule, Pascal Bovet, Terrence E. Forrester, Melissa Emery Thompson, Robert W. Shumaker, Jessica M. Rothman, Erin Vogel, Fransiska Sulistyo, Shauhin Alavi, Didik Prasetyo, Samuel S. Urlacher, Stephen R. Ross
Summary: The study compares water turnover in zoo and sanctuary apes with five human populations, showing that despite humans' greater sweating capacity, their water turnover is 30-50% lower than in apes.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Nicholas M. Grebe, Melissa Emery Thompson, Steven W. Gangestad
Summary: Oxidative stress is a physiological condition caused by reactive oxygen species from cellular respiration, potentially damaging DNA and tissue. It plays a role in mediating the trade-offs between reproductive effort and survival efforts, with behavioral strategies potentially being a critical mechanism in resisting the physiological costs of oxidative damage.
EVOLUTION AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Anthropology
Drew K. Enigk, Melissa Emery Thompson, Zarin P. Machanda, Richard W. Wrangham, Martin N. Muller
Summary: The study found that adolescent male chimpanzees primarily use aggression towards females to establish social dominance rather than for sexual coercion, unlike adult males. They were able to dominate all adult females before or soon after dominating their first adult male, and the order of dominance over females was consistent with the females' hierarchy rankings.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Martin N. Muller, Drew K. Enigk, Stephanie A. Fox, Jordan Lucore, Zarin P. Machanda, Richard W. Wrangham, Melissa Emery Thompson
Summary: High-ranking male chimpanzees face potentially harmful elevations in glucocorticoid production due to costly mating competition. Male aggression and glucocorticoid excretion increase in unstable dominance hierarchies and when parous females are sexually available. Elevations in glucocorticoids are positively associated with male rank, age, and aggression, suggesting a long-term tradeoff with health and social status.
HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Tran Dinh, Steven W. Gangestad, Melissa Emery Thompson, A. Janet Tomiyama, Daniel M. T. Fessler, Theresa E. Robertson, Martie G. Haselton
Summary: Women's hormonal changes in response to social exclusion were found to be significantly influenced by their background levels of social support, highlighting the crucial impact of social support on female reproductive hormone levels.
HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kris H. Sabbi, Melissa Emery Thompson, Zarin P. Machanda, Emily Otali, Richard W. Wrangham, Martin N. Muller
Summary: Research shows that in wild chimpanzees, young male individuals are more likely to be victims of aggression, not due to differences in time spent with adult males or away from mothers, but because male chimpanzees display higher levels of aggression during the juvenile period.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Biology
Aspen T. Reese, Katia S. Chadaideh, Caroline E. Diggins, Laura D. Schell, Mark Beckel, Peggy Callahan, Roberta Ryan, Melissa Emery Thompson, Rachel N. Carmody
Summary: The study found that domestication and industrialization have had similar impacts on gut microbiota, mainly through changes in diet and ecological environment. Successfully re-establishing wild-like microbiota in domesticated mice through experiments demonstrates the potential for reshaping gut microbiota in domesticated animals.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fernando Colchero, Jose Manuel Aburto, Elizabeth A. Archie, Christophe Boesch, Thomas Breuer, Fernando A. Campos, Anthony Collins, Dalia A. Conde, Marina Cords, Catherine Crockford, Melissa Emery Thompson, Linda M. Fedigan, Claudia Fichtel, Milou Groenenberg, Catherine Hobaiter, Peter M. Kappeler, Richard R. Lawler, Rebecca J. Lewis, Zarin P. Machanda, Marie L. Manguette, Martin N. Muller, Craig Packer, Richard J. Parnell, Susan Perry, Anne E. Pusey, Martha M. Robbins, Robert M. Seyfarth, Joan B. Silk, Johanna Staerk, Tara S. Stoinski, Emma J. Stokes, Karen B. Strier, Shirley C. Strum, Jenny Tung, Francisco Villavicencio, Roman M. Wittig, Richard W. Wrangham, Klaus Zuberbuhler, James W. Vaupel, Susan C. Alberts
Summary: The study finds evidence supporting the hypothesis of biological constraints on the rate of ageing across primates, including humans, suggesting a tendency for the rate of ageing to remain constant within species.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biology
Michelle Brown, Ronnie Steinitz, Melissa Emery Thompson
Summary: The energetic costs and benefits of intergroup conflicts over feeding sites were studied, and it was found that winning groups experience substantial energetic benefits while losing groups experience minimal energetic costs. The use of the contested resource before the encounter predicted the outcome of the conflict.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Jacob D. Negrey, Melissa Emery Thompson, Christopher D. Dunn, Emily Otali, Richard W. Wrangham, John C. Mitani, Zarin P. Machanda, Martin N. Muller, Kevin E. Langergraber, Tony L. Goldberg
Summary: This study examines the longitudinal changes in the gut virome of wild female chimpanzees in relation to reproductive status and finds higher viral richness during lactation. The results also show that female chimpanzees in communities closer to human settlements have higher viral richness and loads.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joseph G. Mine, Katie E. Slocombe, Erik P. Willems, Ian C. Gilby, Miranda Yu, Melissa Emery Thompson, Martin N. Muller, Richard W. Wrangham, Simon W. Townsend, Zarin P. Machanda
Summary: Cooperation and communication likely coevolved in humans, and this relationship is not unique to humans but also present in our last common ancestor with chimpanzees. The study finds that bark vocalizations in wild chimpanzees serve as reliable signals of behavioral motivation and are associated with greater hunter recruitment and more effective hunting.
Article
Zoology
Emily Dunay, Leah A. Owens, Christopher D. Dunn, Joshua Rukundo, Rebeca Atencia, Megan F. Cole, Averill Cantwell, Melissa Emery Thompson, Alexandra G. Rosati, Tony L. Goldberg
Summary: The blood-borne virome of African sanctuary chimpanzees does not significantly differ from that of their wild counterparts, indicating that persistent infection with exogenous viruses may be less common than previously assumed.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PRIMATOLOGY
(2023)
