Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kiri T. Granger, Michael Sand, Sheryl Caswell, Lorena R. Lizarraga-Valderrama, Jennifer H. Barnett, Paula M. Moran
Summary: For patients and clinicians, the challenge of managing psychotic symptoms is finding a treatment that balances efficacy and side effects. Karuna Therapeutics' recent Phase III study shows promise for a non-dopamine-based treatment for schizophrenia with reduced side effects. This success offers new hope and highlights lessons in schizophrenia drug development methodology.
DRUG DISCOVERY TODAY
(2023)
Review
Virology
Amalia Cornea, Irina Lata, Mihaela Simu, Elena Cecilia Rosca
Summary: The use of modern combined antiretroviral treatment has decreased the incidence of HIV-associated dementia. Cognitive impairments, such as deficits in cognitive processing speed, attention, and memory, are common in people living with HIV. As HIV patients age and have more comorbidities and treatments, the prevalence and complexity of cognitive impairment are expected to increase. Currently, there is no specific intervention for managing cognitive impairment in HIV patients.
Article
Immunology
Aniella J. Murphy, Jennifer Kelschenbach, Hongxia He, Wei Chao, Boe-Hyun Kim, David J. Volsky, Joan W. Berman
Summary: Thirty-eight million people worldwide are living with HIV, a major public health problem. Antiretroviral therapy revolutionized HIV treatment and significantly increased the lifespan of people with HIV. However, 15-50% of people with HIV develop HIV associated neurocognitive disorders, which negatively impact quality of life. Many people with HIV also have opioid use disorder, and studies suggest that opioid use disorder can contribute to HIV neurocognitive disorders. The effects of buprenorphine, a synthetic opioid agonist used to treat opioid use disorder, on HIV neurocognitive disorders are unclear. This study found that buprenorphine treatment can reverse chronic neurocognitive impairment in mice with HIV infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Matthew Weichseldorfer, Marvin Reitz, Olga S. Latinovic
Summary: Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) is widely recommended for controlling HIV-1 replication and improving the quality of life of infected individuals. However, latent infected cells remain a major barrier to treatment efficacy in the long term.
Review
Cell Biology
Luojia Deng, Xuezhixing Zhang, Yanxiao Gao, DeAnne Turner, Frank Qian, Hui Lu, Sten H. Vermund, Yue Zhang, Han-Zhu Qian
Summary: Our meta-analysis provides empirical evidence that HIV infection is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment among older adults, especially in cognitive domains of executive function, processing speed, verbal, recall, and motor/psychomotor.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Erin E. Sundermann, Mark W. Bondi, Laura M. Campbell, Ben Gouaux, Raeanne C. Moore, Virawudh Soontornniyomkij, David J. Moore
Summary: This study aimed to distinguish aMCI from HAND in PWH using a neuropsychological method, finding a higher prevalence of high aMCI risk in the HAND group, with beta-amyloid pathology being associated with high aMCI risk, while phospho-Tau pathology did not differ by aMCI classification.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Virology
Nozomi Kuse, Hiroyuki Gatanaga, Yu Zhang, Takayuki Chikata, Shinichi Oka, Masafumi Takiguchi
Summary: The frequency and functional ability of HIV-1-specific T cells are reduced in people living with HIV-1 under combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). This study investigated T-cell responses to 63 HIV-1 epitopes at pre-cART and under cART in 90 individuals. The results showed an epitope-dependent effect of long-term cART on HIV-1-specific CD8(+) T cells, with a higher frequency of T-cell responses to protective epitopes under cART. The study also demonstrated enhanced ability of HIV-1-specific T cells to proliferate under cART.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Yu Fu, Irene Lorrai, Barry Zorman, Daniele Mercatelli, Chase Shankula, Jorge Marquez Gaytan, Celine Lefebvre, Giordano de Guglielmo, Hyunjae Ryan Kim, Pavel Sumazin, Federico M. Giorgi, Vez Repunte-Canonigo, Pietro Paolo Sanna
Summary: Substance use disorders are common in people with HIV, and excessive opioid intake can lead to neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pan-pan Chen, Xiang-yu Wei, Larissa Tao, Xin Xin, Shao-tan Xiao, Na He
Summary: This study investigates the neuroimaging characteristics of people living with HIV, with and without neurocognitive impairments (NCI), using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). The results show abnormal activity in the occipital cortex and defects in brain networks, primarily associated with the prefrontal cortex, in HIV patients with NCI. These findings provide visual evidence to enhance our understanding of cognitive impairment development in HIV patients.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Ran Tao, Xiaorong Peng, Xiang Liu, Lijun Xu, Junwei Su, Guanjing Lang, Ying Huang, Biao Zhu
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of lenalidomide treatment on neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in patients with HCM who had completed cryptococcal clearance. The results showed that lenalidomide treatment significantly improved cognitive function in HCM patients, particularly in the domain of memory function.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Eric Andrius Coelho Duarte, Maria Luiza Benevides, Andre Luiz Pereira Martins, Edson Pillotto Duarte, Ana Beatriz Santandrea Weller, Laura Oliveira Coutinho de Azevedo, Maria Emilia Rodrigues de Oliveira Thais, Jean Costa Nunes
Summary: Despite the highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART), neurocognitive disorders remain common among HIV-infected patients. A high prevalence of cognitive impairment was identified, particularly among women and those with fewer years of schooling. Further studies are needed to explore the differences in pathophysiology between sexes and the role of cognitive reserve in preventing cognitive impairment in HIV infection.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Wouter A. van der Heijden, Rosanne C. van Deuren, Lisa van de Wijer, Inge C. L. van den Munckhof, Marloes Steehouwer, Niels P. Riksen, Mihai G. Netea, Quirijn de Mast, Linos Vandekerckhove, Richarda M. de Voer, Andre J. van der Ven, Alexander Hoischen
Summary: The prevalence of clonal hematopoiesis is higher in individuals with HIV, and these mutations are associated with low CD4 nadir, increased residual HIV-1 transcriptional activity, and coagulation factors.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sara Bernini, Fabrizio Stasolla, Silvia Panzarasa, Silvana Quaglini, Elena Sinforiani, Giorgio Sandrini, Tomaso Vecchi, Cristina Tassorelli, Sara Bottiroli
Summary: The global COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant changes in healthcare organizations, with remote communication technologies emerging as effective solutions. HomeCoRe, an innovative home cognitive rehabilitation software, offers support for patients with neurodegenerative diseases, such as mild cognitive impairment and early dementia.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Rheumatology
Kimberley Yuen, Dorcas Beaton, Kathleen Bingham, Patricia Katz, Jiandong Su, Juan Pablo Diaz Martinez, Maria Carmela Tartaglia, Lesley Ruttan, Joan E. Wither, Mahta Kakvan, Nicole Anderson, Dennisse Bonilla, May Y. Choi, Marvin J. Fritzler, Robin Green, Zahi Touma
Summary: This study further validates the ANAM as a screening tool for CI in SLE patients and introduces a new approach to interpret ANAM results. By building models and decision trees, the most discriminatory ANAM subtests and scores for predicting CI were identified.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Natalia Gomes Goncalves, Marlon Juliano Romero Aliberti, Laiss Bertola, Thiago Avelino-Silva, Murilo Bacchini Dias, Daniel Apolinario, Geraldo Busatto, Orestes Forlenza, Ricardo Nitrini, Sonia Maria Dozzi Brucki, Andre Russowsky Brunoni, Kallene Summer Moreira Vidal, Wilson Jacob-Filho, Claudia Kimie Suemoto
Summary: Cognitive impairment is common after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This study explores the associations between post-hospital discharge risk factors and cognitive trajectories in COVID-19 patients. The study found three groups of cognitive trajectories, with older age, female sex, previous dementia diagnosis or memory complaints, frailty before hospitalization, higher platelet count, and delirium as predictors of cognitive decline.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Letter
Urology & Nephrology
Karin Welen, Ebba Rosendal, Eva Freyhult, William K. Oh, Magnus Gisslen, Clas Ahlm, Anne-Marie Fors Connolly, Anna K. Overby, Andreas Josefsson
Article
Neurosciences
Jasmini Alagaratnam, Davide De Francesco, Henrik Zetterberg, Amanda Heslegrave, Jamie Toombs, Neeltje A. Kootstra, Jonathan Underwood, Magnus Gisslen, Peter Reiss, Sarah Fidler, Caroline A. Sabin, Alan Winston
Summary: In PWH on suppressive antiretroviral treatment, there is a moderate correlation between CSF and plasma NfL, similar to lifestyle-similar HIV-negative individuals. Consideration of renal function and bodyweight may be required when utilizing plasma NfL.
JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Josefina Robertson, Martin Adiels, Lauren Lissner, Kirsten Mehlig, Agnes Af Geijerstam, Martin Lindgren, Magnus Gisslen, Elin Ekblom Bak, Annika Rosengren, Maria Aberg
Summary: This study found that higher BMI in early adulthood was associated with severe COVID-19 many years later. The risk for hospitalization and intensive care unit admission increased with higher BMI values, highlighting the importance of preventing overweight in youth.
Article
Infectious Diseases
M. Sansone, M. Studahl, S. Berg, M. Gisslen, N. Sundell
Summary: This retrospective case series describes four critically ill patients with MIS-C/A and reports their clinical presentation, laboratory and radiological findings, treatment, and outcome. These cases occurred in previously healthy patients with a history of laboratory-confirmed mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. The treatment included intravenous immunoglobulin, interleukin-1-receptor antagonists, and pulse steroids, which resulted in rapid clinical improvement. No severe complications were observed during the three-month follow-up period.
INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Verena Sengpiel, Ylva Carlsson, Jan-Ake Liljeqvist, Anders Elfvin, Ing-Marie Fyhr, Anna Lundgren, Kristina Nystrom, Mats Bemark, Magnus Gisslen, Johan Ringlander
Summary: This study reports the first case of reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy. Although the mother lacked detectable antibodies 2 months after the first infection, both mother and baby had IgG antibodies at delivery. Infection did not result in any adverse pregnancy outcome.
CLINICAL CASE REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Lars Hagberg, Arvid Eden, Henrik Zetterberg, Richard W. Price, Magnus Gisslen
Summary: Besides clinical examinations and neuroimaging, blood biomarkers and tests for opportunistic infections can provide important information for evaluating the impact of HIV infection on the brain and in diagnosis.
ACTA NEUROLOGICA SCANDINAVICA
(2022)
Correction
Clinical Neurology
Birgitta Anesten, Henrik Zetterberg, Staffan Nilsson, Bruce J. Brew, Dietmar Fuchs, Richard W. Price, Magnus Gisslen, Aylin Yilmaz
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Annika Rosengren, Christina E. Lundberg, Mia Soderberg, Ailiana Santosa, Jon Edqvist, Martin Lindgren, Maria Aberg, Magnus Gisslen, Josefina Robertson, Ottmar Cronie, Naveed Sattar, Jesper Lagergren, Maria Branden, Jonas Bjork, Martin Adiels
Summary: Among Swedish residents aged 55 years and above, those receiving home care or long-term care had a significantly increased risk of COVID-19 death during the first year of the pandemic, with over 50% of deaths attributable to these factors.
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Josefine Persson, Bjorn Andersson, Suzanne van Veen, Marielle C. Haks, Ogonna Obudulu, Sara Torkzadeh, Tom H. M. Ottenhoff, Nelly Kanberg, Magnus Gisslen, Lars-Magnus Andersson, Ali M. Harandi
Summary: This study identified blood-specific markers of disease severity in COVID-19 patients, which can guide treatment and intervention strategies by analyzing whole blood samples obtained from individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2.
MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hanna Brattgard, Per Bjoerkman, Piotr Nowak, Carl Johan Treutiger, Magnus Gisslen, Olof Elvstam
Summary: Among Swedish PWH, low-level viremia (LLV) during antiretroviral therapy (ART) was associated with markers of HIV disease severity before starting ART, male sex, injecting drug use, and use of protease inhibitor (PI)-based or non-standard ART regimens.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Rickard Ljung, YiYi Xu, Anders Sundstrom, Susannah Leach, Ebba Hallberg, Maria Bygdell, Maria Larsson, Veronica Arthurson, Magnus Gisslen, Rolf Gedeborg, Fredrik Nyberg
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lisa Lundberg-Morris, Susannah Leach, Yiyi Xu, Jari Martikainen, Ailiana Santosa, Magnus Gisslen, Huiqi Li, Fredrik Nyberg, Maria Bygdell
Summary: The study suggests that primary covid-19 vaccination before infection is strongly associated with a reduced risk of receiving a diagnosis of post-covid-19 condition (PCC). The findings highlight the importance of primary vaccination against covid-19 to reduce the population burden of PCC.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Malin Spetz, Lisa Lundberg, Chioma Nwaru, Huiqi Li, Ailiana Santosa, Susannah Leach, Magnus Gisslen, Niklas Hammar, Maria Rosvall, Fredrik Nyberg
Summary: This study found that among Swedish adults aged 60 years and older as of May 17, 2021, factors such as younger age, male sex, lower income, living alone, and being born outside Sweden were associated with lower Covid-19 vaccination uptake. Intersectional analysis revealed significant differences in vaccination rates within different sociodemographic subgroups.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE
(2022)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Mans Eeg-Olofsson, Nina Pauli, Louise Hafsten, Josephine Jacobsson, Christopher Lundborg, Magnus Brink, Helen Larsson, Ellen Lindell, Karin Lowhagen, Magnus Gisslen, Henrik Bergquist
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the optimal timing of tracheotomy for critically ill COVID-19 patients. The results showed a significantly reduced number of mechanical ventilation days in the early tracheotomy group in the per-protocol analysis, but no significant difference was found between the two groups in the intention-to-treat analysis. The overall death rate during intensive care was 32.7%, with no significant differences in survival, complications, or adverse events between the groups.
Article
Microbiology
Da Cheng, Zhenwu Luo, Xiaoyu Fu, Sophie Stephenson, Clara Di Germanio, Philip J. Norris, Dietmar Fuchs, Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu, Quan-zhen Li, Henrik Zetterberg, Magnus Gisslen, Richard W. Price, Shifang Peng, Wei Jiang
Summary: This study reveals the presence of an autoantibody in the central nervous system of HIV patients, and its levels in the cerebrospinal fluid are correlated with markers of neuroinflammation.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)