Article
Immunology
Vanessa Chilunda, Jessica Weiselberg, Samuel Martinez-Meza, Lwidiko E. Mhamilawa, Laura Cheney, Joan W. Berman
Summary: HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment (HIV-NCI) persists in a significant percentage of people with HIV despite effective antiretroviral therapy. Using RNA-sequencing, this study found that methamphetamine increases the infiltration of mature monocytes into the central nervous system, leading to dysregulated inflammatory responses and viral reservoir establishment and persistence, both of which contribute to neuronal damage. The study highlights potential molecules that may be targeted for therapy to limit the effects of meth on HIV neuropathogenesis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Virology
Amalia Cornea, Irina Lata, Mihaela Simu, Elena Cecilia Rosca
Summary: The use of modern combined antiretroviral treatment has decreased the incidence of HIV-associated dementia. Cognitive impairments, such as deficits in cognitive processing speed, attention, and memory, are common in people living with HIV. As HIV patients age and have more comorbidities and treatments, the prevalence and complexity of cognitive impairment are expected to increase. Currently, there is no specific intervention for managing cognitive impairment in HIV patients.
Article
Immunology
Erika G. Marques de Menezes, Jocelyn S. Liu, Scott A. Bowler, Leila B. Giron, Michelle L. D'Antoni, Cecilia M. Shikuma, Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen, Lishomwa C. Ndhlovu, Philip J. Norris
Summary: The study found that EVs expressing markers of monocyte activation and neuronal injury were elevated in HIV-infected individuals with cognitive impairment, suggesting that specific EV subsets may serve as novel biomarkers of neuronal injury in HIV infection. Additionally, levels of circulating platelet EVs were linked to monocyte activation, indicating a potential novel interaction in the pathogenesis of HIV-related cognitive impairment.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Amit Singh, Ravindra Rao, Biswadip Chatterjee, Ashwani Kumar Mishra, Gaurishanker Kaloiya, Atul Ambekar
Summary: This study aimed to assess the cognitive functions in participants maintained on buprenorphine for opioid dependence at peak and trough buprenorphine levels. The results indicated significant differences between peak and trough groups in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, suggesting that the time since buprenorphine dose has a significant impact on specific cognitive tasks in patients maintained on buprenorphine for opioid dependence.
ASIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Alina Siddiqui, Celestine He, Gina Lee, Alex Figueroa, Alexander Slaughter, Jessica Robinson-Papp
Summary: The article summarizes the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of neurological injuries associated with HIV in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system. Molecular pathways relevant for possible therapeutic targets or advancements are emphasized. Gaps in knowledge and current challenges in therapeutic design are also discussed.
EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC TARGETS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
John M. Barbaro, Simone Sidoli, Ana Maria Cuervo, Joan W. Berman
Summary: HIV-NCI is a debilitating condition that affects people with HIV, and the use of methamphetamine can worsen the neurocognitive impairment. Meth inhibits phagocytosis and dysregulates autophagy in HIV-infected macrophages, leading to increased neurotoxicity. Despite the limited effects of commonly used ART drugs, targeting differentially expressed proteins may provide new intervention strategies for improving neurocognition in HIV-NCI patients using meth.
Review
Cell Biology
Luojia Deng, Xuezhixing Zhang, Yanxiao Gao, DeAnne Turner, Frank Qian, Hui Lu, Sten H. Vermund, Yue Zhang, Han-Zhu Qian
Summary: Our meta-analysis provides empirical evidence that HIV infection is associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment among older adults, especially in cognitive domains of executive function, processing speed, verbal, recall, and motor/psychomotor.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Anna H. Boerwinkle, Karin L. Meeker, Patrick Luckett, Beau M. Ances
Summary: Recent neuroimaging studies have provided insight into the structural, functional, and molecular changes occurring in the brain due to HIV. The findings suggest that HIV triggers a strong neuroimmune response and may lead to a cascade of events including increased chronic inflammation and cognitive decline. These outcomes are further exacerbated by age and age-related comorbidities, as well as lifestyle factors such as drug use/abuse.
CURRENT HIV/AIDS REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Erin E. Sundermann, Mark W. Bondi, Laura M. Campbell, Ben Gouaux, Raeanne C. Moore, Virawudh Soontornniyomkij, David J. Moore
Summary: This study aimed to distinguish aMCI from HAND in PWH using a neuropsychological method, finding a higher prevalence of high aMCI risk in the HAND group, with beta-amyloid pathology being associated with high aMCI risk, while phospho-Tau pathology did not differ by aMCI classification.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Virology
Yu Fu, Irene Lorrai, Barry Zorman, Daniele Mercatelli, Chase Shankula, Jorge Marquez Gaytan, Celine Lefebvre, Giordano de Guglielmo, Hyunjae Ryan Kim, Pavel Sumazin, Federico M. Giorgi, Vez Repunte-Canonigo, Pietro Paolo Sanna
Summary: Substance use disorders are common in people with HIV, and excessive opioid intake can lead to neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment.
Article
Neurosciences
Chitra Mohinder Singh Singal, Paritosh Jaiswal, Anuradha Mehta, Kanza Saleem, Pankaj Seth
Summary: The study demonstrates that HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (Tat) B increases ephrinA3 expression, decreases EAAT1 and EAAT2 expression, leading to neuronal death, while knocking down ephrinA3 can reverse this neurotoxic effect.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pan-pan Chen, Xiang-yu Wei, Larissa Tao, Xin Xin, Shao-tan Xiao, Na He
Summary: This study investigates the neuroimaging characteristics of people living with HIV, with and without neurocognitive impairments (NCI), using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). The results show abnormal activity in the occipital cortex and defects in brain networks, primarily associated with the prefrontal cortex, in HIV patients with NCI. These findings provide visual evidence to enhance our understanding of cognitive impairment development in HIV patients.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Ran Tao, Xiaorong Peng, Xiang Liu, Lijun Xu, Junwei Su, Guanjing Lang, Ying Huang, Biao Zhu
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of lenalidomide treatment on neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in patients with HCM who had completed cryptococcal clearance. The results showed that lenalidomide treatment significantly improved cognitive function in HCM patients, particularly in the domain of memory function.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Eric Andrius Coelho Duarte, Maria Luiza Benevides, Andre Luiz Pereira Martins, Edson Pillotto Duarte, Ana Beatriz Santandrea Weller, Laura Oliveira Coutinho de Azevedo, Maria Emilia Rodrigues de Oliveira Thais, Jean Costa Nunes
Summary: Despite the highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART), neurocognitive disorders remain common among HIV-infected patients. A high prevalence of cognitive impairment was identified, particularly among women and those with fewer years of schooling. Further studies are needed to explore the differences in pathophysiology between sexes and the role of cognitive reserve in preventing cognitive impairment in HIV infection.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tarynn Potter, Nisal E. Gange, Eliza E. Whiteside, Prajwal E. Gyawali
Summary: The prevalence of stroke is increasing each year, and comorbidities such as anxiety, depression, and fatigue affect a large proportion of stroke survivors. The cause of post-stroke fatigue is unclear, but it is related to stress and depression. It is important to improve diagnosis and find new treatments to improve the quality of life for stroke survivors.