Article
Immunology
Albert M. Anderson, Bin Tang, Florin Vaida, Daniel Mcclernon, Reena Deutsch, Mariana Cherner, Debra Cookson, Melanie Crescini, Igor Grant, Ronald J. Ellis, Scott L. Letendre
Summary: This study found that while low-level CSF HIV RNA declines over time in persons with HIV on suppressive ART, it is still associated with worse performance in cognitive domains such as recall and motor functions. Additional research is needed to better understand the relationship between HIV RNA persistence during long-term ART and central nervous system complications in persons with HIV.
JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Zsolt Vastag, Ovidiu Fira-Mladinescu, Elena Cecilia Rosca
Summary: This review provides an overview of concepts and diagnostic tools in the field of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) and discusses the strengths and limitations of currently available approaches. Despite recent advances in HIV treatment, the prevalence of HAND remains high.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Virology
Abdulhammed O. Babatunde, Oluwawapelumi D. Akin-Ajani, Ridwanullah O. Abdullateef, Taofeeq O. Togunwa, Haroun O. Isah
Summary: Africa accounts for two-thirds of global new HIV infections. Ten countries, including South Africa, Nigeria, Mozambique, and Kenya, were responsible for 80% of HIV cases in Africa in 2014. This study evaluates the antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage strategies implemented by these countries and highlights the importance of community-based and digital health approaches in increasing ART coverage and retention. Challenges such as funding shortages and cultural/religious beliefs need to be addressed to achieve the 95-95-95 goal by 2030.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ana Borrajo Lopez, Maria Aranzazu Penedo, Tania Rivera-Baltanas, Daniel Perez-Rodriguez, David Alonso-Crespo, Carlos Fernandez-Pereira, Jose Manuel Olivares, Roberto Carlos Agis-Balboa
Summary: Current use of combined antiretroviral therapy has significantly reduced deaths and comorbidities associated with HIV-1 infection, but cannot eliminate the virus from long-lived cellular reservoirs. Research on microglial cells as the primary target cells for HIV-1 in the CNS, and investigating the viral latency mechanisms and potential treatments, are important steps towards preventing and curing HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Gezahegn Terefe Atnafu, Nurilign Abebe Moges, Moges Wubie, Getnet Gedif
Summary: This study examined the viral load suppression rate after enhanced adherence counseling among HIV-positive adults in high caseload health facilities in the Amhara region, Ethiopia. The findings showed that approximately 51.73% of patients achieved viral load suppression after counseling, indicating a gap from the World Health Organization's target.
INFECTION AND DRUG RESISTANCE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Gilles Force, Idir Ghout, Jacques Ropers, Guislaine Carcelain, Dhiba Marigot-Outtandy, Valerie Hahn, Natacha Darchy, Helene Defferriere, Elodie Bouaziz-Amar, Robert Carlier, Karim Dorgham, Jacques Callebert, Gilles Peytavin, Constance Delaugerre, Pierre de Truchis
Summary: The study showed that intensifying ARV therapy with higher CNS penetration effectiveness scoring can lead to significant cognitive improvement in patients with HAND. Additionally, an increase in CD4 lymphocyte at week 48 and a decrease in plasma CXCL10 at week 96 were significantly associated with cognitive improvement.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Ferzana Amod, Vikram V. Holla, Rajeev Ojha, Sanjay Pandey, Ravi Yadav, Pramod Kumar Pal
Summary: People living with HIV (PLH) may experience various movement disorders, which are often associated with opportunistic infections, drug reactions, antiretroviral therapy (ART), and the virus itself. The etiology of these movement disorders may depend on the treatment state, with untreated PLH being more prone to developing infections and dementia. As the number of PLH on ART increases, the frequency of ART and non-AIDS related complications is likely to increase.
PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Adam Akullian, Alain Vandormael, Joel C. Miller, Anna Bershteyn, Edward Wenger, Diego Cuadros, Dickman Gareta, Till Barnighausen, Kobus Herbst, Frank Tanser
Summary: In a hyper-epidemic region of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, the median age of HIV seroconversion increased in both men and women, suggesting a changing demographic of HIV risk with a focus on younger age groups. The decline in HIV incidence was more pronounced in young men and women, while older individuals showed stable or even lagging declines in incidence. These results provide direct epidemiological evidence of the impact of large-scale treatment and prevention interventions on the age distribution of HIV incidence in sub-Saharan Africa.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Psychology, Clinical
Henry Ukachukwu Michael, Emily Youbi, Sylvester Chika Ohadoma, Suvira Ramlall, Frasia Oosthuizen, Maryna Polyakova
Summary: Despite limitations, the study results indicate a significant improvement in neurocognitive outcomes of people living with HIV in low- and middle-income countries with antiretroviral therapy, especially those with advanced immunosuppression.
NEUROPSYCHOLOGY REVIEW
(2022)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Erynn Christensen, Maja Brydevall, Lucy Albertella, Sashka K. Samarawickrama, Murat Yucel, Rico S. C. Lee
Summary: Addiction is associated with impaired executive control and abnormal risk-reward processing. Previous studies lack systematic evidence of neurocognition predicting addictive behaviors. This review suggests that reward-related neurocognitive processes may be important for early risk detection and intervention development.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Henry Ukachukwu Michael, Sasha Naidoo, Kofi Boamah Mensah, Suvira Ramlall, Frasia Oosthuizen
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of ART on neurocognitive outcomes among HIV/AIDS patients in LMICs and identify determinants of these outcomes. While most studies showed improved neurocognitive performance with ART use, no association was found with treatment duration, regimen, and conventional biomarkers. Improvements in early ART treatment programs, viral reservoir eradication strategies, and identification of novel biomarkers are crucial in minimizing HIV-associated neurocognitive impairment.
Article
Neurosciences
Angelique A. A. Gruters, Inez H. G. B. Ramakers, Annemarie P. M. Stiekema, Frans R. J. Verhey, Roy P. C. Kessels, Marjolein E. de Vugt
Summary: A web-based visual tool was developed to improve understanding and information retention of neuropsychological results, as well as psychologist-patient communication. The tool was optimized through an iterative approach and pilot study, with psychologists rating its usability highly. Feedback from patients, family members, and psychologists indicated the value of the visual display in clinical practice.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Beshada Zerfu Woldegeorgis, Chala Wegi Diro, Bereket Yohannes, Amene Abebe Kerbo, Yordanos Sisay Asgedom
Summary: In this study, the aim was to determine the incidence of opportunistic infections (OIs) among adolescents and adults after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and identify predictors. The findings showed a high rate of OIs, with being female, not taking cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT), poor adherence to ART, mild malnutrition, and advanced HIV disease being significant predictors of OIs.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Temesgen Kechine, Tilahun Ali, Teshager Worku, Lemesa Abdisa, Tesfaye Assebe Yadeta
Summary: This study investigated the magnitude and associated factors of anxiety among clients on highly active antiretroviral therapy in public hospitals of Southern Ethiopia. The results showed that approximately one-fourth of participants living with HIV/AIDS had anxiety. Factors such as being female, widowed, medium income, comorbid conditions, and perceived stigma were significantly associated with anxiety. This finding highlights the importance of mental health assessment, early detection, and treatment of anxiety as an integral component of HIV/AIDS care.
PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH AND BEHAVIOR MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Joga Chaganti, Thomas M. M. Gates, Bruce J. J. Brew
Summary: This pilot study aims to determine the effect of intensified combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) on rs-fMRI in patients with active HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). The results suggest that rs-fMRI can be potentially used as a biomarker for assessing treatment efficacy in HAND.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Lucette A. Cysique, Emilia Lojek, Theodore Ching-Kong Cheung, Breda Cullen, Anna Rita Egbert, Jonathan Evans, Maite Garolera, Natalia Gawron, Hetta Gouse, Karolina Hansen, Pawel Holas, Sylwia Hyniewska, Ewa Malinowska, Bernice A. Marcopulos, Tricia L. Merkley, Jose A. Munoz-Moreno, Clare Ramsden, Christian Salas, Sietske A. M. Sikkes, Ana Rita Silva, Imane Zouhar
Summary: The study proposed a set of internationally harmonized procedures and methods for assessing neurocognitive functions, smell, taste, mental, and psychosocial health in adults with COVID-19. Three levels of harmonization were suggested, including screening, medium-sized assessment, and comprehensive evaluation, each with specific contexts and guidance outlined.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
David Jakabek, Caroline D. Rae, Bruce J. Brew, Lucette A. Cysique
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the contributions of HIV infection, age, and cardiovascular risk factors to subcortical brain atrophy in PWH. The results showed that HIV infection was associated with smaller volumes of most subcortical structures, older PWH had a more rapid decline in caudate volumes, and cardiovascular risk factors were associated with smaller volumes and a more rapid decline in striatal volumes.
Article
Neurosciences
Chang-Ki Oh, Nima Dolatabadi, Piotr Cieplak, Maria T. Diaz-Meco, Jorge Moscat, John P. Nolan, Tomohiro Nakamura, Stuart A. Lipton
Summary: This article investigates the mechanism by which dysregulation of autophagic pathways leads to the accumulation of abnormal proteins and damaged organdies in neurodegenerative disorders. The authors found that pathologic protein S-nitrosylation of p62 is a critical factor for autophagic inhibition and cell-to-cell spread.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takumi Satoh, Dorit Trudler, Chang-Ki Oh, Stuart A. Lipton
Summary: This article reviews the potential applications of carnosic acid (CA) and carnosol (CS) in rosemary for conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and COVID-19. It highlights the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects of CA, as well as its potential to inhibit the NLRP3 inflammasome. The article suggests that CA-related compounds could serve as therapeutics for acute and chronic neurological effects caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sha Liu, Yujie Tong, Xiao Wang, Xin Yu, Yong Xu
Summary: This study investigates the role of cognitive function in predicting the efficacy of SSRIs for depression patients and enhances the understanding of the relationship between baseline cognitive function and depression trajectory. Baseline cognitive function can help clinicians better understand the trajectory of first-episode depression patients during acute treatment with SSRIs.
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Xin-lu Cai, Cheng-cheng Pu, Shu-zhe Zhou, Yi Wang, Jia Huang, Simon S. Y. Lui, Arne Moller, Eric F. C. Cheung, Kristoffer H. Madsen, Rong Xue, Xin Yu, Raymond C. K. Chan
Summary: This study found that schizophrenia patients have sensory integration deficits which are positively correlated with anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) glutamate levels. Multimodal analysis showed that in a specific network, blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) activation and task-dependent functional connectivity (FC) have opposite correlations between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Li-Xin Jiang, Geng-Di Huang, Hua-Li Wang, Chen Zhang, Xin Yu
Summary: This study developed an olfactory working memory capacity paradigm to evaluate the memory capacity of Alzheimer's disease mouse models. The results showed that the memory capacity of the 5xFAD mice was similar to wild-type mice in certain task phases, but significantly diminished in capacity testing.
BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Shuling Ye, Mengjuan Xie, Xin Yu, Renrong Wu, Dengtang Liu, Shaohua Hu, Yong Xu, Huanzhong Liu, Xijin Wang, Gang Zhu, Huaning Wang, Shaohong Zou, Tao Li, Wanjun Guo, Xiufeng Xu, Yuqi Cheng, Yi Li, Juan Yang, Min Peng, Nan Li, Chuan Shi
Summary: The aim of this study was to develop a brief version of cognitive assessment test for evaluating the efficacy of treatments targeting cognitive impairments in Chinese schizophrenia patients. The test, called C-BCT, showed good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Normative data of C-BCT were generated by gender, age, and education.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Xiaoying Yu, Judith D. D. Lobo, Erin Sundermann, Darren J. J. Baker, Russell P. P. Tracy, George A. A. Kuchel, Kathryn E. E. Stephenson, Scott L. L. Letendre, Bruce Brew, Lucette A. A. Cysique, Sannisha K. K. Dale, Chelsie Wallen, Ken M. M. Kunisaki, Giovanni Guaraldi, Jovana Milic, Alan Winston, David J. J. Moore, Joseph B. B. Margolick, Kristine M. M. Erlandson
Summary: This article summarizes the key oral presentations from the 12th Annual International Workshop on HIV and Aging, providing insights into the challenges and opportunities of HIV and aging research under the COVID-19 pandemic. The workshop enriched our understanding of HIV and aging, identified the impact of COVID-19 on HIV communities, and offered future research directions.
AIDS RESEARCH AND HUMAN RETROVIRUSES
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Guangqiang Sun, Tingfang Wu, Chengbing Huang, Mingchao Yu, Yan Guo, Xihua Zhu, Xin Yu, Yujia Qiu
Summary: This study aimed to determine the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) of children of alcoholics (COA) in males and their current risky drinking. A case-control study was conducted using the AUDIT to divide participants into risky drinking and non-risky drinking groups. The relationships between ACEs and risky drinking were explored using various assessment tools.
Article
Neurosciences
Huizi Li, Lingchuan Xiong, Teng Xie, Zhijiang Wang, Tao Li, Haifeng Zhang, Luchun Wang, Xin Yu, Huali Wang
Summary: Previous studies have shown that the striatum plays a role in cognitive function and psychiatric symptoms in bvFTD patients. However, the existing studies on striatal subregions have inconsistent and unclear results. This study found that bvFTD patients have smaller volumes in striatal subregions compared to controls and that the degree of atrophy varied across these subregions, with more significant atrophy in the right striatum.
Article
Neurosciences
Htein Linn Aung, Mark Bloch, Trina Vincent, Limin Mao, Bruce J. Brew, Lucette A. Cysique
Summary: This study aims to assess the incidence rate of non-HIV age-related neurological disorders among PLHIV and found that older PLHIV had a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, and combined ARC. However, non-HIV age-related neurological disorders are uncommon in older PLHIV.
JOURNAL OF NEUROVIROLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Psychology, Experimental
Xinchi Yu, Ellen Lau
Summary: The binding problem, a central question in vision science for 30 years, addresses how we represent the correspondence between a specific feature and its corresponding object when encoding or maintaining multiple objects in working memory. This letter argues that the research program of the binding problem is not limited to vision and calls for coordinated pursuit across the broader cognitive science community of this central question for cognition, referred to as Binding Problem 2.0.
Article
Immunology
Dongmei Gu, Luchun Wang, Nan Zhang, Huali Wang, Xin Yu
Summary: This study found that the levels of naturally occurring antibodies (NAbs) decrease in individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and a specific antibody, NAb-TREM2, has the highest sensitivity as a potential biomarker. Further analysis showed that AD-related pathological processes were enriched in the protein-protein interaction network. The findings suggest that the levels of circulating NAbs may serve as biomarkers for monitoring the progression of AD.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Weiran Chen, Xun Wang, Tianhang Zhou, Liping Wen, Xianmei Yang, Bingbing Chen, Tao Zhang, Changchun Zhang, Juan Hua, Qi Tang, Xu Hong, Wenhui Liu, Chunyu Du, Chenmei Xie, Hong Ma, Xin Yu, Lili Guan
Summary: This study aimed to describe the adverse childhood experiences and needs of offspring living with parental severe mental illness (SMI) in China and compared the differences in needs between offspring living with maternal SMI and those living with paternal SMI. The findings showed that the percentages of poverty, family care, and housework were significantly higher in both the paternal SMI group and maternal SMI group compared with the control group. The maternal SMI group also had higher rates of school dropout and relationship problems with friends. There was a greater need for stigma reduction in the maternal SMI group compared to the paternal SMI group. Therefore, there is a need for a national program to assist families with mentally ill parents and provide services for children living with parental SMI.
ASIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
