Review
Plant Sciences
Lakhvir Kaur Dhaliwal, Rosalyn B. Angeles-Shim
Summary: Breeding for cold stress tolerance during germination is complex due to the integrated responses of cellular, biochemical, hormonal, and molecular processes. Cold stress primarily affects the structure and composition of cell membranes, leading to disturbances in cellular homeostasis. Maintenance of membrane integrity through altering lipid composition is crucial for plants to cope with cold stress.
Article
Cell Biology
Hadi Tabarraei, Brandon M. Waddell, Kelly Raymond, Sydney M. Murray, Ying Wang, Keith P. Choe, Cheng-Wei Wu
Summary: CCR4-NOT is a versatile eukaryotic protein complex that regulates gene expression at multiple steps. This study shows that a subunit of CCR4-NOT, ccf-1, is required for the transcriptional response to cadmium and acrylamide stress in C. elegans. Knockdown of ccf-1 attenuates the activation of stress-protective genes, leading to decreased stress resistance and lifespan in C. elegans.
Article
Cell Biology
Janneke M. Wiersema, Annelies E. P. Kamphuis, Jos H. T. Rohling, Laura Kervezee, Abimbola A. Akintola, Steffy W. Jansen, P. Eline Slagboom, Diana van Heemst, Evie van der Spoel
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between heart rate parameters and familial longevity and chronological age. The findings indicate that middle-aged participants have lower 24-h heart rate, lower amplitudes, and earlier trough and peak times compared to young participants, but no association with familial longevity was found. Interestingly, middle-aged participants also show poorer heart rate variability during long-term recordings, suggesting potential deterioration in cardiovascular health.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Angelica Dominguez-de-Barros, Ines Sifaoui, Zuzanna Borecka, Roberto Dorta-Guerra, Jacob Lorenzo-Morales, Rafael Castro-Fuentes, Elizabeth Cordoba-Lanus
Summary: This study found that telomeres shorten with age in Psittacidae species and that short-lived birds accumulate more oxidative stress products but have lower antioxidant capacity compared to long-lived birds. Breeding is also related to telomere shortening, with short-lived birds experiencing increased oxidative damage during breeding while long-lived birds are able to counteract this damage with increased antioxidant capacity.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shawna Hubert, Giridhar Athrey
Summary: The study reveals that fast-growing chicken breeds exhibit mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced oxidative phosphorylation compared to slow-growing heritage breeds. The decline in oxidative phosphorylation performance is more pronounced in young fast-growing broilers, further worsening by 42 days.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rosaria Meccariello, Stefania D'Angelo
Summary: Polyphenol intake has beneficial effects on improving insulin resistance and related diabetes risk factors, slowing down the aging process. Polyphenols are effective in ameliorating oxidative stress, inflammation, impaired proteostasis, and cellular senescence, all of which are age-related phenotypes.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hubert Kolb, Kerstin Kempf, Stephan Martin
Summary: Experimental studies have shown that reduced levels of insulin or insulin signaling can promote longevity in animal models of aging, but in humans, high insulin and insulin resistance are associated with an increased risk of age-related diseases. These diseases include neurodegenerative diseases, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. High levels of insulin can lead to increased fat storage and impaired cell function. The synthesis and metabolism of insulin initiate an adaptive response to maintain homeostasis, which has a stronger pro-aging effect in humans compared to short-lived models. Conversely, adopting a lifestyle that promotes low insulin and insulin resistance levels, such as dietary restriction or exercise, can help mitigate these detrimental changes.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sergio Davinelli, Alessandro Medoro, Mariano Intrieri, Luciano Saso, Giovanni Scapagnini, Jing X. Kang
Summary: The transcription factor NRF2 and its endogenous inhibitor KEAP1 are important for maintaining cellular redox homeostasis. Activation of NRF2 can provide cellular protection against age-related diseases. Recent studies have identified compounds, including omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and their electrophilic derivatives, that may restore NRF2 function in aging cells. These findings suggest that n-3 PUFAs could be potential agents for preventing chronic diseases and restoring age-related NRF2 impairment.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Deng-Tai Wen, Lan Zheng, Kai Lu, Wen-Qi Hou
Summary: The study indicates that long-term high-salt intake may accelerate cardiac aging and age-related diseases, while long-term exercise can delay cardiac aging. Through fruit fly experiments, it was found that long-term exercise and RNAi could significantly prevent the aging defects caused by high-salt pressure and salt overexpression in the heart, including increased heart period, arrhythmia, oxidative stress, and decreased mitochondrial quantity.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Bingquan Chu, Kai Chen, Xiaoxiao Pan, Qianying Wu, Shiwang Liu, Jinyan Gong, Xiaoli Li
Summary: Microalgae lipid and its degree of fatty acid unsaturation can programmatically change in response to environmental conditions, and a real-time and reliable monitoring approach is crucial for microalgal culture and bioprocess control. This study developed a fast and nondestructive method based on visible/short-wave near-infrared hyperspectral imaging to investigate the dynamic changes and content distribution of lipids and DU in microalgae, showing promising potential for efficient and high-quality lipid production.
COMPUTERS AND ELECTRONICS IN AGRICULTURE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alessandra da Silva, Brenda Kelly Souza Silveira, Helen Hermana Miranda Hermsdorff, Walmir da Silva, Josefina Bressan
Summary: Evidence suggests that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, further studies are needed to elucidate the effects of n-3 PUFA supplementation on telomere length and telomerase enzyme activity.
PROSTAGLANDINS LEUKOTRIENES AND ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Ianire Mate, Irene Martinez de Toda, Lorena Arranz, Jose Luis Alvarez-Sala, Monica De la Fuente
Summary: This study investigated immune dysfunction in COPD patients, finding that their leukocytes were more susceptible to inflammation and oxidative stress compared to healthy controls, particularly at the severe stage of the disease progression. It also discovered that COPD patients aged more rapidly than their age-matched healthy counterparts.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mario Barbagallo, Nicola Veronese, Ligia J. Dominguez
Summary: Several changes in magnesium metabolism occur with aging, including reduced magnesium intake, impaired absorption, and increased renal excretion. Mild magnesium deficiency in the elderly may present with symptoms such as fatigue, sleep disturbances, and cognitive impairments, often mistaken for age-related issues. Chronic magnesium deficits can lead to increased free radical production, contributing to the development of various age-related disorders, while magnesium deficiency has been linked to numerous human diseases. Dietary adjustments and magnesium supplementation could help in preventing chronic conditions associated with aging.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Renata Szabo, Zsuzsanna Szabo, Denise Boerzsei, Alexandra Hoffmann, Zelma Nadin Lesi, Patricia Palszabo, Andrea Palszabo, Szabolcs Dvoracsko, Rudolf Gesztelyi, Krisztina Kupai, Daniel Priksz, Bela Juhasz, Anita Altmayer, Csaba Varga, Aniko Posa
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of the endocannabinoid system on cardiac inflammation and oxidative damage. The results showed that the CB1 receptor blocker rimonabant can improve the pathological features of aging heart by enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms and alleviating inflammatory response.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kai Chen, Shirley Wang, Qiwei Wilton Sun, Bo Zhang, Mujib Ullah, Zhongjie Sun
Summary: This study investigates the role of Klotho in cardiac aging, revealing that Klotho deficiency causes cardiac aging through impairing the Nrf2-GR pathway. Supplement of exogenous secreted Klotho represents a promising therapeutic strategy for aging-associated cardiomyopathy and heart failure.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Enric Sanchez, Marta Sanchez, Carolina Lopez-Cano, Marcelino Bermudez-Lopez, Jose Manuel Valdivielso, Cristina Farras-Salles, Reinald Pamplona, Gerard Torres, Didac Mauricio, Eva Castro, Elvira Fernandez, Albert Lecube
Summary: This study assessed the impact of obesity on the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and found that AGE levels were associated with abdominal adiposity but not total body fat. Furthermore, elevated AGE levels were related to cardiovascular risk factors.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mariona Jove, Natalia Mota-Martorell, Elia Obis, Joaquim Sol, Meritxell Martin-Gari, Isidre Ferrer, Manuel Portero-Otin, Reinald Pamplona
Summary: The human brain is highly susceptible to oxidative stress due to its characteristics, but neurons have evolved various adaptive mechanisms to combat oxidative stress and preserve their functionality.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mariona Jove, Natalia Mota-Martorell, Elia Obis, Joaquim Sol, Meritxell Martin-Gari, Isidre Ferrer, Manuel Portero-Otin, Reinald Pamplona
Summary: The brain is one of the richest tissues in terms of lipid content and diversity in the human body, making it highly susceptible to oxidative stress. Glycerophospholipids, especially ether lipids, play a crucial role in the composition and functionality of the human brain. This article explores the involvement of ether lipids in the pathogenesis of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD) and discusses their implications in neural cell physiology and antioxidant defense mechanisms.
Article
Cell Biology
Joaquim Sol, Elia Obis, Natalia Mota-Martorell, Irene Pradas, Jose Daniel Galo-Licona, Meritxell Martin-Gari, Anna Fernandez-Bernal, Marta Ortega-Bravo, Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs, Consuelo Borras, Jose Vina, Monica de la Fuente, Ianire Mate, Carles Biarnes, Salvador Pedraza, Joan C. Vilanova, Ramon Brugada, Rafel Ramos, Joaquin Serena, Lluis Ramio-Torrenta, Victor Pineda, Pepus Daunis-I-Estadella, Santiago Thio-Henestrosa, Jordi Barretina, Josep Garre-Olmo, Manuel Portero-Otin, Jose Manuel Fernandez-Real, Josep Puig, Mariona Jove, Reinald Pamplona
Summary: Aging biology involves metabolic deregulation at the cellular and tissue level, and applying metabolomics techniques can help understand the cellular processes involved. This study focuses on the changes in plasma metabolome associated with biological aging and the role of sex in metabolic regulation during aging. The researchers used high-throughput untargeted metabolomic analysis on plasma samples from a cohort of healthy human adults, observing changes in lipid and amino acid metabolism pathways affected by age, with a significant influence of sex. The findings provide insights into bioenergetic pathways, oxidative damage, and inflammation associated with aging, and identify novel biomarkers related to gut-derived metabolites.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Marcelino Bermudez-Lopez, Manuel Marti-Antonio, Eva Castro-Boque, Maria del Mar Bretones, Cristina Farras, Jessica Gonzalez, Reinald Pamplona, Albert Lecube, Didac Mauricio, Serafi Cambray, Jose Manuel Valdivielso, Elvira Fernandez
Summary: Cumulative tobacco consumption (CTC) has a sex-specific impact on atheromatosis extension and total plaque area. This study found that CTC was associated with an increased risk of atheromatosis, particularly in femoral arteries. The addition of CTC to the SCORE2 model improved the prediction of severe atheromatosis, especially in males.
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Reinald Pamplona, Mariona Jove, Jose Gomez, Gustavo Barja
Summary: The study of aging has revealed various cellular mechanisms, such as mitochondrial ROS production and DNA modification and repair, that contribute to the rate of aging. However, loose coordination of aging rate among cells and tissues is necessary to ensure species lifespan. This article discusses lesser-known extracellular and systemic mechanisms, including parabiosis experiments and systemic factors like DAMPs, as well as proposed aging clocks situated at different levels of organization, that help to determine species longevity as an adaptation to the ecosystem.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jose Gomez, Natalia Mota-Martorell, Mariona Jove, Reinald Pamplona, Gustavo Barja
Summary: Mitochondria have various roles in cell physiology, especially in cell bioenergetics and biology of free radicals. They are considered to be the mediators of cellular decline associated with aging due to their production of oxygen radicals. Recent evidence shows that mitochondrial free radical production is regulated and contributes to species-specific determination of longevity. Understanding these mechanisms may lead to the development of molecular approaches to counter aging and modify longevity.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Marina Idalia Rojo-Lopez, Marcelino Bermudez-Lopez, Eva Castro, Cristina Farras, Gerard Torres, Reinald Pamplona, Albert Lecube, Jose Manuel Valdivielso, Elvira Fernandez, Josep Julve, Esmeralda Castelblanco, Josep Franch-Nadal, Nuria Alonso, Minerva Granado-Casas, Didac Mauricio
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the Mediterranean diet and subclinical atherosclerotic disease. The results showed that higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a lower risk of atherosclerotic plaques, and moderate or high adherence to the diet was associated with a lower number of plaques.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna Fernandez Bernal, Natalia Mota, Reinald Pamplona, Estela Area-Gomez, Manuel Portero-Otin
Summary: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the death of motor neurons (MNs), and dysfunction in mitochondrial-associated membranes (MAMs) may play a crucial role in the cellular disarrangements in ALS, including dysregulations in lipid metabolism and calcium homeostasis.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
M. Kathryn Brewer, Pascual Torres, Victoria Ayala, Manuel Portero-Otin, Reinald Pamplona, Pol Andres-Benito, Isidro Ferrer, Joan J. Guinovart, Jordi Duran
Summary: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor neuron loss in the spinal cord. Glycogen accumulation in reactive astrocytes has been found to contribute to neurotoxicity and disease progression in ALS. This study demonstrates that glycogen accumulates in the spinal cord and brainstem of ALS mice and is associated with reactive astrocytes. The reduced glycogen synthesis in ALS mice leads to a longer lifespan and lower levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine Cxcl10, suggesting that glycogen accumulation is linked to inflammation and disease progression.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jose C. E. Serrano, Eva Castro-Boque, Alicia Garcia-Carrasco, Maria Ines Moran-Valero, Daniel Gonzalez-Hedstrom, Marcelino Bermudez-Lopez, Jose Manuel Valdivielso, Alberto E. Espinel, Manuel Portero-Otin
Summary: This study validates the antihypertensive effects of an optimized extract of aged black garlic with low doses of S-allyl-cysteine (SAC) in a Grade I hypertensive population. The results show a reduction in blood pressure, an increase in nitric oxide and antioxidant capacity, and a decrease in uric acid levels and ACE activity. No changes in endothelial function and inflammatory cytokines were observed.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Farida Dakterzada, Mariona Jove, Jose Luis Cantero, Reinald Pamplona, Gerard Pinoll-Ripoll
Summary: This study found that the levels of nonenzymatic protein damage in both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid were not associated with the diagnosis or progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). These findings suggest that oxidative damage in AD is specifically expressed at the cell-tissue level, rather than in extracellular fluids.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Farida Dakterzada, Mariona Jove, Raquel Huerto, Anna Carnes, Joaquim Sol, Reinald Pamplona, Gerard Pinol-Ripoll
Summary: Aberrant lipid metabolism is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, and neutral and ether-linked lipids are involved in the pathological processes of AD and the progression from MCI to AD dementia.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Elia Obis, Joaquim Sol, Pol Andres-Benito, Meritxell Martin-Gari, Natalia Mota-Martorell, Jose Daniel Galo-Licona, Gerard Pinol-Ripoll, Manuel Portero-Otin, Isidro Ferrer, Mariona Jove, Reinald Pamplona
Summary: Non-targeted LC-MS/MS-based lipidomic analysis was conducted to identify lipidome fingerprints in middle-aged individuals with different stages of sporadic Alzheimer's disease (sAD). The results showed that white matter exhibited a more pronounced lipidomic profile change compared to gray matter, with functional categories associated with membrane structural composition, bioenergetics, antioxidant protection, and bioactive lipids. These changes favor disease progression and affect both neurons and glial cells.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Farida Dakterzada, Mariona Jove, Raquel Huerto, Anna Carnes, Joaquim Sol, Reinald Pamplona, Gerard Pinol-Ripoll
Summary: Genetic, metabolic, and clinical evidence shows that lipid dysregulation is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study investigated the association between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lipidome and the pathological hallmarks of AD, progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to AD, and the rate of cognitive decline in MCI patients. The results suggest that CSF neutral lipids may serve as potential prognostic markers for AD.
