Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chao Ding, Gang Niu, Enmao Wang, Jinxu Liu, Na Gong, Hongfei Liu, Yong Wang, Xinpan Yu, Xuelin Wang, Chengjia Shang, Huibin Wu
Summary: A flash tempering process has been demonstrated to achieve the same microstructure and mechanical properties as the conventional tempering process for low-carbon low-alloy lath martensite by heating the sample to a high temperature and quenching quickly.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Vahid Javaheri, Sakari Pallaspuro, Saeed Sadeghpour, Sumit Ghosh, Johannes Sainio, Renata Latypova, Jukka Komi
Summary: This study discusses the tensile and fracture toughness properties, as well as the microstructural evolution, of a medium-carbon, low-alloy steel under different rapid tempering conditions. The results indicate that tempering temperature has a significant influence on the mechanical properties and microstructural features, regardless of the holding time. By properly designing the rapid tempering process, a combination of high tensile properties and fracture toughness can be achieved compared to conventional tempering.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Erik Claesson, Hans Magnusson, Joachim Kohlbrecher, Mattias Thuvander, Peter Hedstrom
Summary: The evolution and precipitation behavior of iron carbides in low-alloy tool steel during tempering were investigated using neutron scattering and microscopy techniques. The composition of cementite changed and an enriched shell with substitutional elements was observed. Additionally, the precipitation of small non-magnetic particles was observed.
MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sumit Ghosh, Khushboo Rakha, Assa Aravindh Sasikala Devi, Shahriar Reza, Sakari Pallaspuro, Mahesh Somani, Marko Huttula, Jukka Koemi
Summary: The Q&P process stabilizes retained austenite (RA) by partitioning carbon (C) from supersaturated martensite. During partitioning, competitive reactions such as transition carbide precipitation, C segregation, and austenite decomposition might occur simultaneously. Alloying with sufficient silicon (Si) concentrations can suppress carbide precipitation and facilitate C partitioning. Experimental characterization confirmed the formation of eta and cementite carbides, and the Si content influenced the transformation from eta to theta during the partitioning stage.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
M. Wallner, K. Steineder, R. Schneider, C. Commenda, C. Sommitsch
Summary: The effect of galvannealing treatment after quenching and partitioning process on the microstructure and mechanical behavior of medium-Mn steels was investigated. The replacement of Si by Al was found to influence the morphology and stability of retained austenite. The GA treatment led to significant decomposition of RA in Si-steel, while there was no significant reduction in RA content in Al-alloyed steel. The different decomposition behaviors were reflected in the mechanical properties.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
N. Tsuchida, R. Ueji, W. Gong, T. Kawasaki, S. Harjo
Summary: The present study investigated the tensile deformation behavior of quenched and tempered martensite steels at different austenitization and tempering temperatures using in situ neutron diffraction experiments. The results showed that the phase lattice strain in bcc phase almost stagnated after yielding as the tempering temperature increased, while the phase lattice strain in cementite (theta) phase increased linearly with an increase in flow stress. The stress partitioning between bcc and theta phases was confirmed after the yielding of bcc phase.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Eider Del Molino, Maribel Arribas Telleria, Casey Gilliams, Artem Arlazarov, Javier Jesus Gonzalez, Emmanuel De Moor, John Gordon Speer
Summary: In this study, two medium Mn steels were treated with a quenching and partitioning process to obtain high contents of retained austenite. The addition of Ni effectively stabilized the austenite content. The distribution of Mn and Ni from martensite to austenite was observed. Lower quenching temperature conditions facilitated the enrichment of Mn in the austenite during partitioning.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Shuhan Li, Siqi Yang, Yuting Zhao, Yuang Dong, Zemin Wang
Summary: This study compared the microstructure and tensile properties of H13 steels fabricated using LPBF with different heat treatments. It was found that by increasing the heat input and reducing the residual austenite content, a microstructure containing only fine martensite could be achieved, leading to improved tensile properties and anisotropy.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
E. Tkachev, R. Kaibyshev
Summary: This study investigated a tantalum-alloyed 9%Cr steel with high boron and low nitrogen content after tempering at different temperatures using SEM and TEM methods to characterize the microstructure and precipitates. Experimental observations and thermodynamic calculations showed that tantalum promotes the precipitation of fine MX particles in lath interiors during tempering at temperatures greater than or equal to 750 degrees Celsius, while its effect on M23C6 carbide is minimal. Precipitation and growth kinetics of MX particles at different tempering temperatures were simulated and discussed.
MATERIALS TODAY COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. Zorgani, C. Garcia-Mateo, M. Jahazi
Summary: Tempering at 500 °C resulted in a significant contraction in the dilatometric signal of the ausformed bainite samples, while tempering at 400 °C had minimal softening effects on both microstructures. The main mechanism governing microstructural changes during tempering at 500 °C was the decomposition of highly dislocated bainitic ferrite plates and retained austenite.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Erik Claesson, Hans Magnusson, Joachim Kohlbrecher, Mattias Thuvander, Fredrik Lindberg, Magnus Andersson, Peter Hedstrom
Summary: Two industrially processed low-alloyed martensitic tool steel alloys were characterized to study their precipitation behavior. The results show that complex precipitation sequences occur in these materials during processing, and the high number density of Mo-rich secondary carbides is essential for strengthening these tool steels.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Tianyu Zhang, Jian Wang, Zhizhou Pan, Qing Tao
Summary: An extended tensile flow curve model for quenched-tempered as-carburized steels was derived in this study. The model takes into account the precipitates transition in different tempering durations and the evolution of effective grain size on tensile deformation behavior. The experimental and theoretical results showed good agreement, indicating the feasibility of evaluating the effect of microstructure evolution on strength using this model.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yixin Xie, Xiaonong Cheng, Jiabo Wei, Rui Luo
Summary: Carbide precipitation and coarsening in quenched Dievar steel during tempering are investigated. It is found that carbides become coarser on tempering, with the sizes for inter-lath carbides increasing noticeably and the sizes for intra-lath carbides remaining nearly constant.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Olli Nousiainen, Jaakko Hannula, Sami Saukko, Antti Kaijalainen, Jukka Komi
Summary: A simulated hot-deformation process was designed to study the Ti-Mo-V-Nb and Ti-Mo-V steels, and the strengthening mechanisms of the steels were evaluated after isothermal dwell at different temperatures. The estimated yield strength and tensile strength of the test alloys exceeded 900 MPa and 1000 MPa, respectively, in both steels. The effect of dislocation strengthening compensates for the reduced effect of precipitation strengthening at all tested coiling temperatures, suggesting a potential process window for the studied steels.
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
M. Pinson, H. Springer, T. Depover, K. Verbeken
Summary: This study investigates the role of cementite in hydrogen embrittlement in medium-carbon steels, showing that cementite can effectively trap hydrogen and reduce its diffusion coefficient, thereby increasing resistance to hydrogen embrittlement.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Michael Moriarty, Yuxiang Wu, Timothy Murray, Christopher Hutchinson
Summary: The study reveals that reducing the β phase fraction can enhance the dezincification resistance of brass, while small α grain size and high aspect ratio (Widmanstatten structure) are equally important for dezincification control. Percolation simulations highlight the significance of β phase interconnectivity and geometric arrangements in dezincification behavior. These findings offer new possibilities for metallurgists to design brass microstructures that balance dezincification performance with strength, formability, machinability, and thermo-mechanical processing schedules.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
L. Y. Wang, Y. X. Wu, W. W. Sun, Y. Brechet, L. Brassart, A. Arlazarov, C. R. Hutchinson
Summary: The mechanical response of martensite has been studied due to its high strain hardening rate, with composite models unable to fully explain the flow behavior of martensite tempered above 400 degrees C. A systematic study on high temperature tempered martensite was conducted, showing a continuous loss of strain hardening capacity during tempering at lower temperatures and a gradual increase in strain hardening capacity during tempering at higher temperatures.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
X. L. An, R. M. Zhang, Y. X. Wu, Y. Zou, L. T. Zhang, K. Zhang, L. Y. Wang, Y. S. Li, C. R. Hutchinson, W. W. Sun
Summary: The results from comparing two medium Mn steels with different carbon contents show that higher carbon leads to stronger austenite and TRIPed martensite, resulting in more pronounced strain hardening behavior.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xulong An, Chenglin Chu, Wenwen Sun, Wei Wei
Summary: This study investigates the changes in texture and mechanical properties of CoNiFeV0.5Mo0.2 medium entropy alloy wire rods during loading-unloading. The results show that the intensity of the recrystallization texture and the fraction of low angle grains increase with the loading-unloading cycles, leading to an increase in alloy strength. The loading modulus and average modulus slightly decrease, while the unloading modulus increases.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
X. L. An, Z. D. Liu, L. T. Zhang, Y. Zou, X. J. Xu, C. L. Chu, W. Wei, W. W. Sun
Summary: The study focuses on revitalizing the pearlite structure in a newly developed multi-principal element alloy (MPEA) through a classic eutectoid reaction, resulting in a nanometre sized layered microstructure. This pearlitic structure significantly improves the strength, wear resistance, and high temperature stability of the alloy.
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Binhan Sun, Alisson Kwiatkowski da Silva, Yuxiang Wu, Yan Ma, Hao Chen, Colin Scott, Dirk Ponge, Dierk Raabe
Summary: This review critically discusses the microstructure and mechanical responses of steels with medium manganese content, highlighting the differences from established steel grades. It addresses the phase transformation phenomena and mechanical behavior of these steels, covering the whole inelastic deformation regime. The relationships between processing, microstructure, and mechanical properties are assessed and open questions and challenges are identified for future research efforts.
INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xulong An, Xiaotong Zhang, Yudong Sui, Jing Hu, Zhengxiang Xu, Wei Wei, Chenglin Chu, Wenwen Sun
Summary: Eutectic multi-principal element alloy with copper content, Cu42.3Ni30Si15Al12.7, was designed and investigated in this study. The microstructure of the alloy consists of primary phase Ni2Si and eutectic phase (FCC(Cu) + BCC(NiAl)). The eutectic reaction temperature is 1004 degrees C. The as-cast Cu42.3Ni30Si15Al12.7 alloy exhibits high micro-hardness (400 +/- 2.4 HV) and compressive fracture strength (1511 MPa).
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Huikai Li, Erin G. Brodie, Christopher Hutchinson
Summary: An advantage of LPBF is the ability to create complex components easily. Most studies focus on commercially available powders, neglecting new alloy design. Mixing powders with different chemistries is an effective way to access new alloy compositions. This study extends a previously published model to describe the chemical distribution of LPBF material from mixed powders, incorporating remelting process and comparing it with experiments.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Physical
Christopher Hutchinson
Summary: Additively manufactured AlSi10Mg alloy exhibits high fatigue strength, comparable to its tensile strength, especially for micro-sized samples, due to the fine cells in its inherent three-dimensional network acting as cages to restrict damage accumulation.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiaohan Weng, Yuxiang Wu, Jie Luo, Christopher Hutchinson
Summary: A new type of microstructure design concept for high strength steels, involving a nanolaminate structure of martensite and austenite, has been proposed using a method called 'chemical patterning'. A computational model has been developed to simulate the chemical patterning process and has been successfully used to design two chemically-patterned alloys with different levels of retained austenite. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of this approach and demonstrate the interesting performance of the new microstructures.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
G. Sander, D. Jiang, Y. Wu, N. Birbilis
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Y. Liu, K. Zweiacker, C. Liu, J. T. McKeown, J. M. K. Wiezorek
Summary: The evolution of rapid solidification microstructure and solidification interface velocity of hypereutectic Al-20at.%Cu alloy after laser melting has been studied experimentally. It was found that the formation of microstructure was dominated by eutectic, alpha-cell, and banded morphology grains, and the growth modes changed with increasing interface velocity.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bharat Gwalani, Julian Escobar, Miao Song, Jonova Thomas, Joshua Silverstein, Andrew Chihpin Chuang, Dileep Singh, Michael P. Brady, Yukinori Yamamoto, Thomas R. Watkins, Arun Devaraj
Summary: Castable alumina forming austenitic alloys exhibit superior creep life and oxidation resistance at high temperatures. This study reveals the mechanism behind the enhanced creep performance of these alloys by suppressing primary carbide formation and offers a promising alloy design strategy for high-temperature applications.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jian Song, Qi Zhang, Songsong Yao, Kunming Yang, Houyu Ma, Jiamiao Ni, Boan Zhong, Yue Liu, Jian Wang, Tongxiang Fan
Summary: Recent studies have shown that achieving an atomically flat surface for metals can greatly improve their oxidation resistance and enhance their electronic-optical applications. Researchers have explored the use of graphene as a covering layer to achieve atomically flat surfaces. They found that high-temperature deposited graphene on copper surfaces formed mono-atomic steps, while annealed copper and transferred graphene on copper interfaces formed multi-atomic steps.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jennifer A. Glerum, Jon-Erik Mogonye, David C. Dunand
Summary: Elemental powders of Al, Ti, Sc, and Zr are blended and processed via laser powder-bed fusion to create binary and ternary alloys. The microstructural analysis and mechanical testing show that the addition of Ti results in the formation of primary precipitates, while the addition of Sc and Zr leads to the formation of fine grain bands. The Al-0.25Ti-0.25Zr alloy exhibits comparable strain rates to Al-0.5Zr at low stresses, but significantly higher strain rates at higher stresses during compressive creep testing. Finite element modeling suggests that the connectivity of coarse and fine grain regions is a critical factor affecting the creep resistance of the alloys.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
P. Jannotti, B. C. Hornbuckle, J. T. Lloyd, N. Lorenzo, M. Aniska, T. L. Luckenbaugh, A. J. Roberts, A. Giri, K. A. Darling
Summary: This work characterizes the thermo-mechanical behavior of bulk nanocrystalline Cu-Ta alloys under extreme conditions. The experiments reveal that the alloys exhibit unique mechanical properties, behaving differently from conventional nanocrystalline Cu. They do not undergo grain coarsening during extrusion and exhibit behavior similar to coarse-grained Cu.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yiqing Wei, Jingwei Li, Daliang Zhang, Bin Zhang, Zizhen Zhou, Guang Han, Guoyu Wang, Carmelo Prestipino, Pierric Lemoine, Emmanuel Guilmeau, Xu Lu, Xiaoyuan Zhou
Summary: This study proposes a new strategy to modify microstructure by phase regulation, which can simultaneously enhance carrier mobility and reduce lattice thermal conductivity. The addition of Cu in layered SnSe2 induces a phase transition that leads to increased grain size and reduced stacking fault density, resulting in improved carrier mobility and lower lattice thermal conductivity.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jia Chen, Zhengyu Zhang, Eitan Hershkovitz, Jonathan Poplawsky, Raja Shekar Bhupal Dandu, Chang-Yu Hung, Wenbo Wang, Yi Yao, Lin Li, Hongliang Xin, Honggyu Kim, Wenjun Cai
Summary: In this study, the structural origin of the pH-dependent repassivation mechanisms in multi-principal element alloys (MPEA) was investigated using surface characterization and computational simulations. It was found that selective oxidation in acidic to neutral solutions leads to enhanced nickel enrichment on the surface, resulting in reduced repassivation capability and corrosion resistance.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
X. Y. Xu, C. P. Huang, H. Y. Wang, Y. Z. Li, M. X. Huang
Summary: The limited slip systems of magnesium (Mg) and its alloys hinder their wide applications. By conducting tensile straining experiments, researchers discovered a rate-dependent transition in the dislocation mechanisms of Mg alloys. At high strain rates, glissile dislocations dominate, while easy-glide dislocations dominate at low strain rates. Abundant glissile dislocations do not necessarily improve ductility.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. S. Szczerba, M. J. Szczerba
Summary: Inverse temperature dependences of the detwinning stress were observed in face-centered cubic deformation twins in Cu-8at.%Al alloy. The detwinning stress increased with temperature when the pi detwinning mode was involved, but decreased when the pi/3 mode was involved. The dual effect of temperature on the detwinning stress was due to the reduction of internal stresses pre-existing within the deformation twins. The complete reduction of internal stresses at about 530 degrees C led to the equivalence of the critical stresses of different detwinning modes and a decrease in the yield stress anisotropy of the twin/matrix structure.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Taowen Dong, Tingting Qin, Wei Zhang, Yaowen Zhang, Zhuoran Feng, Yuxiang Gao, Zhongyu Pan, Zixiang Xia, Yan Wang, Chunming Yang, Peng Wang, Weitao Zheng
Summary: The interaction between the electrode and the electric double layer (EDL) significantly influences the energy storage mechanism. By studying the popular alpha-Fe2O3 electrode and the EDL interaction, we find that the energy storage mechanism of the electrode can be controlled by modulating the EDL.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Matthew R. Barnett, Jun Wang, Sitarama R. Kada, Alban de Vaucorbeil, Andrew Stevenson, Marc Fivel, Peter A. Lynch
Summary: The elastic-plastic transition in magnesium alloy Mg-4.5Zn exhibits bursts of deformation, which are characterized by sudden changes in grain orientation. These bursts occur in a coordinated manner among nearby grains, with the highest burst rate observed at the onset of full plasticity. The most significant burst events are associated with twinning, supported by the observation of twinned structures using electron microscopy. The bursts are often preceded and followed by a stasis in peak movement, indicating a certain "birth size" for twins upon formation and subsequent growth at a later stage.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Vaidehi Menon, Sambit Das, Vikram Gavini, Liang Qi
Summary: Understanding solute segregation thermodynamics is crucial for investigating grain boundary properties. The spectral approach and thermodynamic integration methods can be used to predict solute segregation behavior at grain boundaries and compare with experimental observations, thus aiding in alloy design and performance control.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Feiyu Qin, Lei Hu, Yingcai Zhu, Yuki Sakai, Shogo Kawaguchi, Akihiko Machida, Tetsu Watanuki, Yue-Wen Fang, Jun Sun, Xiangdong Ding, Masaki Azuma
Summary: This study reports on the negative and zero thermal expansion properties of Cd2Re2O7 and Cd1.95Ni0.05Re2O7 materials, along with their ultra-low thermal conductivity. Through investigations of their structures and phonon calculations, the synergistic effect of local structure distortion and soft phonons is revealed as the key to achieving these distinctive properties.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Beerli, Christian C. Roth, Dirk Mohr
Summary: A novel testing system for miniature specimens is designed to characterize the plastic response of materials for which conventional full-size specimens cannot be extracted. The system has an automated operation process, which reduces the damage to specimens caused by manual handling and improves the stability of the test results. The experiments show that the miniature specimens extracted from stainless steel and aluminum have high reproducibility, and the results are consistent with those of conventional-sized specimens. A correction procedure is provided to consider the influence of surface roughness and heat-affected zone caused by wire EDM.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Rani Mary Joy, Paulius Pobedinskas, Nina Baule, Shengyuan Bai, Daen Jannis, Nicolas Gauquelin, Marie-Amandine Pinault-Thaury, Francois Jomard, Kamatchi Jothiramalingam Sankaran, Rozita Rouzbahani, Fernando Lloret, Derese Desta, Jan D'Haen, Johan Verbeeck, Michael Frank Becker, Ken Haenen
Summary: This study investigates the influence of film microstructure and composition on the Young's modulus and residual stress in nanocrystalline diamond thin films. The results provide insights into the mechanical properties and intrinsic stress sources of these films, and demonstrate the potential for producing high-quality nanocrystalline diamond films under certain conditions.
