Article
Neurosciences
Ji-Min Woo, Gi-Eun Lee, Jang-Han Lee
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate whether hunger level affects attention bias for food cues and its impact on eating behaviors. The results showed that individuals with binge eating behaviors exhibited longer attention bias towards high-calorie food cues in both hunger and satiety conditions, and shorter attention bias towards low-calorie food cues. This suggests that the attentional bias towards food cues in binge eaters is regulated by the reward system rather than the homeostatic system.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Diana G. Gomez-Martinez, Felix Ramos, Marco Ramos, Francisco Robles
Summary: This article proposes a bioinspired model for generating the motivational state from the physiological condition, capable of triggering processes involved in developing appetitive behavior. The model is based on neuroscientific studies and implemented under a distributed paradigm emulating the way it happens in living beings. The validation of the proposed model's functioning uses study cases comparing the proposal's results with neuroscientific evidence.
COGNITIVE SYSTEMS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Katrin Vogt, David M. Zimmerman, Matthias Schlichting, Luis Hernandez-Nunez, Shanshan Qin, Karen Malacon, Michael Rosbash, Cengiz Pehlevan, Albert Cardona, Aravinthan D. T. Samuel
Summary: Animals exhibit different behavioral responses to the same sensory cue depending on their internal state at a given moment. Hunger flexibly alters neural processing in the antennal lobe, modulating two output pathways required for opposing behavioral responses. This state-dependent circuit dynamics in an early sensory processing center demonstrate how flexible behaviors can arise.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Wen Xiao, Xiaoqi Zheng, Yuejia Luo, Jiaxin Peng
Summary: This study examined the effects of reward associative learning and the traditional threat-avoidance ABM paradigm on anxiety and attentional bias. The results showed that reward training reduced both general anxiety and attentional bias, while traditional ABM training only reduced anxiety when combined with reward training.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Repairer E. O. Etuk, Catherine A. Forestell
Summary: While children with food neophobia may show attentional biases towards unfamiliar fruits and vegetables, they tend to have an attentional bias away from familiar foods. Exposure to fruits and vegetables moderates the effect of food neophobia on attentional bias, with different patterns observed in children low and high in neophobia.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
V. Burmester, G. K. Butler, P. Terry
Summary: Research has shown that oxytocin can reduce individuals' attentional bias towards food images, and this effect is modulated by self-reported food cravings and trait stress.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Thomas Gough, Paul Christiansen, Abigail K. Rose, Charlotte A. Hardman
Summary: The studies suggest that acute alcohol consumption may increase food reward and intake, but the effects may only occur at higher doses.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Anna Wallisch, Lauren M. Little, Amanda S. Bruce, Brenda Salley
Summary: Sensory sensitivity may serve as a protective mechanism against susceptibility to food and beverage advertising in young children.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Louise Puttevils, Marie De Bruecker, Jens Allaert, Alvaro Sanchez-Lopez, Nele De Schryver, Myriam Vervaet, Chris Baeken, Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt
Summary: Previous research on anorexia nervosa (AN) has found that patients exhibit an attentional bias towards food, but the results are inconclusive due to conceptual differences and the use of different paradigms. This study used an eye-tracking paradigm to investigate biases in individuals with AN compared to healthy controls. The results showed that AN patients had lower fixation frequency and spent less time fixating on food stimuli during free viewing, but there were no differences in initial orientation or engagement/disengagement to food stimuli during instructed viewing. These findings suggest that AN patients initially avoid attention towards food, which could potentially serve as a marker for the disorder.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Heather W. Neave, Jean-Loup Rault, Melissa Bateson, Emma Hvidtfeldt Jensen, Margit Bak Jensen
Summary: This proof-of-concept exploratory study examines the attentional scope of dairy cows to assess their emotional states. The study finds that part-time cows tend to have a narrower attentional scope, while full-time cows are more likely to approach the images. However, due to low overall response rates, specific conclusions regarding attentional scope are challenging.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Brandon Hodge, Suejung Han, Dawn M. McBride
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the attentional bias of college female restrained eaters towards food words. The results showed that non-clinical restrained eaters did not exhibit attentional bias towards food words.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Guo Li, Xueli Cai, Qian Yang, Qian Cui, Lihui Huang, Xiujuan Jing, Yifeng Wang
Summary: Negative attentional bias is a characteristic of depression. Attentional bias modification training (ABMT) has shown promise in alleviating depressive symptoms, but its effectiveness varies. ABMT programs may work by regulating self-related rumination or two subcomponents of attentional bias: facilitated attention and impaired attentional disengagement. The suboptimal design of training procedures, mixed effects of participants' characteristics, and the unclear relationship between attentional bias and depression are reasons for the mixed results. ABMT holds promise for alleviating depressive symptoms, but improvements in training procedures are needed for stable effects.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Maryann Wei, Steven Roodenrys, Leonie Miller
Summary: Attentional bias for threat (ABT) is considered a central mechanism underlying anxiety, but the link between ABT and anxiety is inconsistent. This study found that ABT associated with self-reported anxiety only in individuals with a bias away from positive stimuli, but not in individuals with a bias towards positive stimuli. However, positive attentional biases themselves did not independently predict anxiety.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Charlotte A. Hardman, Andrew Jones, Sam Burton, Jay J. Duckworth, Lauren S. McGale, Bethan R. Mead, Carl A. Roberts, Matt Field, Jessica Werthmann
Summary: Food-related visual attentional bias is associated with craving, food intake, and hunger, but not with individual differences in body weight. This challenges the traditional view of attentional bias as a trait-like index of preoccupation with food and suggests new theoretical perspectives on food AB in appetite control and obesity.
Article
Psychiatry
Chai Lee Seo, Jang-Han Lee
Summary: This study investigated how high shape/weight concern (SWC) influences binging based on attentional patterns towards high-calorie food cues. It found that SWC level uniquely contributes to binge eaters' initial orienting bias and difficulty disengaging from high-calorie food cues.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Lorenzo D. Stafford, Kit Damant, Sophie Ashurst, Matthew O. Parker
EXPERIMENTAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sarah Sholl, Grit Scheffler, Lynn V. Monrouxe, Charlotte Rees
Article
Substance Abuse
Lorenzo D. Stafford, Alistair Sekulla, Edward Morrison, Diana S. Fleischman, Alistair J. Harvey
DRUG AND ALCOHOL DEPENDENCE
(2020)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Alexander W. J. Freemantle, Lorenzo D. Stafford, Christopher R. D. Wagstaff, Lucy Akehurst
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the influence of individual olfactory function and subjective self-assessments of olfactory importance on emotional aggregation tendency. Results showed that individuals' importance of olfaction scores and olfactory function were associated with within-dyad positive emotional agreement scores.
CHEMOSENSORY PERCEPTION
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
James M. Clay, Lorenzo D. Stafford, Matthew O. Parker
Summary: This study explored self-reported changes in alcohol use during the pandemic in the UK and examined the association between self-reported inhibitory control and/or stress with changes in drinking behavior. The findings showed that a significant minority of individuals in the 30- and 50-year-old age groups reported drinking more, and a considerable percentage of respondents reported feeling more stressed. Stress was associated with hazardous drinking among 30-year-olds, impatience was associated with increased alcohol use and hazardous drinking among 19-year-olds, and risk-taking was associated with hazardous drinking for 30-year-olds. These data highlight concerns for individuals at risk of alcohol misuse and alcohol-related harm during COVID-19 lockdowns.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH AND ADDICTION
(2023)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Alexander W. J. Freemantle, Lorenzo D. Stafford, Christopher R. D. Wagstaff, Lucy Akehurst, Darren L. van Laar
Summary: The aim of the study was to develop a concise psychometric scale to assess athletes' in-competition emotions, which resulted in the development of the Brief In-Competition Emotion (BICE) scale through four studies. The BICE scale consists of five composite emotion factors - anger, anxiety, excitement, dejection, and happiness, and was found to have acceptable levels of concurrent and predictive validity in subsequent studies.
PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE
(2021)
Article
Otorhinolaryngology
Carl M. Philpott, Andreas Espehana, Mairenn Garden, Ngan Ta, Nishita Gadi, Kala Kumaresan, Devina Maru, Lorenzo D. Stafford, Nina Bleasdale, Duncan Boak
Summary: This study aimed to identify the top 10 research priorities in Smell and Taste Disorders (SAID). Through an electronic survey and workshop, key questions related to understanding disease mechanisms, improving healthcare services, and managing long-term effects were identified. The results of this study will serve as the basis for research funding applications and the development of the FifthSense research hub.
CLINICAL OTOLARYNGOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Alexander W. J. Freemantle, Lorenzo D. Stafford, Christopher R. D. Wagstaff, Lucy Akehurst
Summary: This study found that emotions can be transferred between athletes in a team, creating collective emotions. The study also found that anxiety, dejection, and anger during competition can negatively impact athlete performance, and emotions can aggregate within sporting dyads.
JOURNAL OF SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Substance Abuse
James M. Clay, Barbara D. Fontana, Cristina Proserpio, Eduardo J. Fernandez, Ella Pagliarini, Fernando Lopes, Jose Antonio Lopez-Moreno, Juan J. Canales, Louise Loyant, Ravid Doron, Lorenzo D. Stafford, Matthew O. Parker
Summary: This study aimed to assess the relationship between stress, boredom, drinking motives, inhibitory control, and alcohol use during a period of social isolation. The findings from the analysis of questionnaire data collected during the COVID-19 pandemic showed that while most people reduced their drinking, there were complex interactions between impulsivity and boredom that may influence alcohol use.
ADDICTION RESEARCH & THEORY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Madison Annette, Lorenzo D. Stafford
Summary: Picky eating is characterized by limited intake and avoidance of certain foods, which can have negative health effects. This study aimed to investigate the influence of color on the perception of food in picky eaters. Results showed that perceived saltiness and desirability of the snack were influenced by color in picky eaters, but not in non-picky eaters. Specifically, the snack was rated as saltier and less desirable when served in red or blue bowls. These findings suggest that the perception of food in picky eaters depends on the color of the serving receptacle and offer potential interventions for those with restricted food preferences.
FOOD QUALITY AND PREFERENCE
(2023)
Article
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism
Alexander W. J. Freemantle, Lorenzo D. Stafford, Christopher R. D. Wagstaff, Lucy Akehurst
Summary: This study used a critical realist research approach to investigate the effects of emotional displays on the behavior and emotional state of frontline ambulance crewmates. The findings suggest that affective reactions and inferential processes play an important role in the context of work, and factors such as understanding each other, managing emotions differently, expectations from above, and responding to different callouts can influence these processes.
SPORT EXERCISE AND PERFORMANCE PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
James M. Clay, Kiera A. Baker, Roxana D. Mezabrovschi, Giacomo Berti, Grant S. Shields, George M. Slavich, Lorenzo D. Stafford, Matthew O. Parker
Summary: Stress, trait impulsivity, and emotional dysregulation independently predict alcohol use and misuse. This study explores the potential mechanisms linking these risk factors and finds that emotional dysregulation fully mediates the relationship between cumulative lifetime stressor exposure and lifetime alcohol use. The study also reveals that different facets of impulsivity moderate these associations, suggesting a complex interplay between these factors.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lorenzo D. Stafford, Karl Nunkoosing, Mark Haydon-Laurelut, Michael Fisher
Summary: This study addresses the lack of research on the subjective experiences of individuals affected by anosmia. Using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), the study reveals the challenges faced by anosmic individuals, their recollection of memories and the way they adapt to their condition. It also highlights the lack of public awareness of anosmia, despite its importance in relationships and a sense of identity. The findings provide a rich qualitative account of the anosmic experience and suggest future research directions.
Review
Neurosciences
Lorenzo D. Stafford, Kaylee Orgill
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Richard J. Stevenson, Trevor I. Case, Megan J. Oaten, Lorenzo Stafford, Supreet Saluja
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Hugues Piloquet, Benoit Berge, Pascal Maigret, Veronique Hospital
Summary: This study aimed to explore the effects of environmental factors on eating behavior and food intake in toddlers. The results showed that food fussiness was more common in older children, children conceived with medical assistance, children exposed to distractions during meals, rewarded by parents to finish meals, free to eat at will, and those who ate only occasionally with the whole family. Unsatisfactory dietary diversification was not significantly associated with any variable.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Victoria Norton, Julie A. Lovegrove, Marcus Tindall, Julia Rodriguez Garcia, Stella Lignou
Summary: The UK's aging population requires promotion of balanced nutrition, with a particular focus on increasing dietary fiber intake. Surveys involving older adults showed their willingness to learn about dietary fiber and the need for accessible information. Educational materials proved effective in engaging older adults and were perceived as useful. A holistic approach, involving support from various sources, can aid in improving dietary fiber consumption and overall health outcomes among older adults.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Gary J. Farkas, Paige M. Cunningham, Alicia M. Sneij, John E. Hayes, Mark S. Nash, Arthur S. Berg, David R. Gater, Barbara J. Rolls
Summary: Overeating associated with neurogenic obesity after spinal cord injury (SCI) may be related to how persons with SCI experience satiation, their eating frequency, and the context in which they eat their meals. Those with SCI rely less on physiological satiation cues for meal termination and instead rely more on hedonic cues. There are differences in meal contexts and eating frequency between SCI individuals and controls, with SCI individuals consuming fewer meals but having a higher overall eating frequency due to increased snacking. These factors likely contribute to overeating associated with neurogenic obesity after SCI.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Shana Adise, Kerri N. Boutelle, Panteha Hayati Rezvan, Eric Kan, Kyung E. Rhee, Michael I. Goran, Elizabeth R. Sowell
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between executive functions and cognition during adolescence, and the intake of fat and sugar two years later. The study found that higher impulsivity and reward-seeking behaviors were related to greater fat and sugar intake in males, while higher negative urgency and BMI were related to greater intake in both sexes. These findings suggest that individuals with certain traits may be more at risk for weight gain due to overconsumption of unhealthy foods.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Claire Margerison, Gozde Aydin, Christel Larsson, Alison Booth, Anthony Worsley, Janandani Nanayakkara
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic and associated lockdowns resulted in changes in food accessibility and availability, leading to shifts in food habits and behaviors among people worldwide. A study conducted in Australia examined the self-reported changes in food habits and behaviors of adults during the COVID-19 restrictions in 2020. The majority of respondents reported developing positive food habits, such as trying new recipes, cooking from scratch, and reducing take-away meals. The study also found that family involvement in food preparation and eating together increased during the restrictions. However, there were negative experiences, including difficulties in purchasing certain foods and limited access to food outlets.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Betsy Cogan, Jamie A. Cooper
Summary: This study aimed to assess the effect of dietary sweetness on appetite in adults with and without obesity. The results showed that the response of ghrelin to unsweetened rinses was energy-specific for all adults, while rinses containing sucralose led to greater cephalic phase cholecystokinin release in adults with a BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m(2).
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Rebecca Gregson, Jared Piazza, Heather Shaw
Summary: Recent scholarship has identified a group of individuals who self-identify as anti-vegan, and they have distinct dietarian identities and ideological profiles. Anti-vegans show higher levels of commitment to their dietary patterns compared to omnivores, and they also score higher on various ideological measures.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Gibson Weydmann, Patricia Maidana Miguel, Nour Hakim, Laurette Dube, Patricia Pelufo Silveira, Lisiane Bizarro
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the association between obesity and overweight with reinforcement learning performance. It was found that obesity might be associated with impairments in utilizing aversive outcomes to change behavior, but further research is needed to confirm this association.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Laura Kudlek, Rebecca A. Jones, Carly Hughes, Robbie Duschinsky, Andrew Hill, Rebecca Richards, Megan Thompson, Ann Vincent, Simon J. Griffin, Amy L. Ahern
Summary: This study explored how participants of an ACT-based weight management intervention (WMI) experience emotional eating and highlighted the importance of self-awareness and alternative coping strategies in improving emotional eating. It also emphasized the need for ongoing and personalized interventions to support individuals with external locus of control and complex emotional eating experiences.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Stefanie C. Landwehr, Monika Hartmann
Summary: This study examines the influence of peers on children's snack purchasing decisions, finding that the presence of peers strongly impacts children's brand awareness and price perception, highlighting the crucial role of social influence in shaping children's decision-making processes.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Rao Yuan, Shaosheng Jin, Wenchao Wu
Summary: This study examines the interactive effects of information and consumer trust on consumer preferences for organic food. The results show that consumers are willing to pay a higher price for organic food, especially those with higher levels of trust. The introduction of information significantly increases consumers' willingness to pay, with a greater increase observed among high-trust consumers.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Oda Bjorklund, Lars Wichstrom, Clare Llewellyn, Silje Steinsbekk
Summary: This study tests the psychometric properties of the Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire (AEBQ) in a sample of 14-year-olds and examines its construct validity using the parent-reported Children's Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ). The results show that a 7-factor solution of the AEBQ without the Hunger scale is a better fitting model, and there are small-to-moderate correlations between the AEBQ and CEBQ scales.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Alice M. Cox, Rachael W. Taylor, Jillian J. Haszard, Kathryn L. Beck, Pamela R. von Hurst, Cathryn A. Conlon, Lisa A. Te Morenga, Lisa Daniels, Jenny Mcarthur, Rebecca Paul, Neve H. McLean, Emily A. Jones, Ioanna Katiforis, Kimberley J. Brown, Madeline Gash, Madeleine Rowan, Elizabeth A. Fleming, Rosario Jupiterwala, Bailey R. Bruckner, Anne-Louise M. Heath
Summary: Although concerns are often raised about the potential impact of baby food pouch use and Baby-Led Weaning (BLW) on infant health, there is limited research in this area. This study found that frequent pouch use was associated with increased food fussiness and more selective eating, while BLW was associated with higher energy intake and a range of eating behaviors.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Briana L. Kennedy, Andrew M. Camara, Dominic M. D. Tran
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between obesity, overconsumption, and oversensitivity to rewards, and how it affects attentional biases towards food-related stimuli. The results showed that individuals with higher BMI had lower attentional priority for food and food logos, while increased consumption of HFHS foods and dieting predicted increased attentional priority for food and food logo images.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Irene Campos-Sanchez, Rocio Munoz-Sanchez, Eva-Maria Navarrete-Munoz, Maria Sofia Molina-Inigo, Miriam Hurtado-Pomares, Paula Fernandez-Pires, Alicia Sanchez-Perez, Daniel Prieto-Botella, Iris Juarez-Leal, Paula Peral-Gomez, Cristina Espinosa-Sempere, Desiree Valera-Gran
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between sensory reactivity and feeding problems in young children. The results showed that taste/smell sensitivity was significantly associated with difficulties in texture transition/introduction, limited variety of foods, and both feeding problems. Additionally, children with total sensory reactivity or auditory filtering sensory reactivity had a higher prevalence of consuming a limited variety of foods. These findings highlight the importance of considering sensory reactivity as a potential predictor of feeding problems.
