Article
Biology
Xiangzhan Zhu, Minglei Yang, Zaijun Lin, Solomon Kibreab Mael, Ya Li, Lili Zhang, Yaqi Kong, Yaodong Zhang, Yuping Ren, Jianhui Li, Zimeng Wang, Ying Zhang, Bo Yang, Tingmei Huang, Fangxia Guan, Zhenlong Li, Robb E. Moses, Lei Li, Bing Wang, Xiaotao Li, Bianhong Zhang
Summary: REG gamma enhances the transcriptional activation of Lgr5 through Wnt and Hippo signal pathways, playing a crucial role in the regeneration of intestinal stem cells.
SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Yumei Qin, Suqiang Wang, Weiwei Huang, Kejin Li, Min Wu, Weilin Liu, Jianzhong Han
Summary: This study found that chlorogenic acid (CGA) exerts its effects on intestinal health by modulating intestinal stem cell functions. The results showed that CGA treatment increased intestinal villous height and crypt depth in mice and augmented the area expansion and the number of budding intestinal organoids. Additionally, CGA treatment also increased the number and proliferation of intestinal stem cells. Therefore, these findings highlight a promising mechanism for using CGA as a dietary supplement or functional food for intestinal protection.
JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE
(2023)
Article
Biology
Xiangzhan Zhu, Ya Li, Lingling Yue, Xinkui Zhou, Jianhui Li, Yaodong Zhang, Zhidan Yu, Yuchun Liu, Ying Xu, Ling Wu, Bianhong Zhang, Minglei Yang
Summary: Radiation-induced intestinal injury is a common adverse event in radiotherapy, with no effective preventive or therapeutic options currently available. This study found that treatment with quercetin, a natural flavonoid, improved the survival rate of mice after abdominal irradiation and reduced DNA damage and cell apoptosis in the intestinal epithelium. Quercetin also improved the proliferation of intestinal stem cells and promoted intestinal epithelium repair. Further investigation revealed that quercetin treatment reduced reactive oxygen species generation through regulating Nrf2 signaling in intestinal epithelium cells. Additionally, inhibition of Nrf2 reversed the effects of quercetin treatment. Overall, quercetin can ameliorate radiation-induced intestinal injury by regulating Nrf2 signaling, scavenging free radicals, and promoting intestinal epithelium repair.
RADIATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wies T. M. van Dooremalen, Merel Derksen, Jamie Lee Roos, Celia Higuera Baron, Carla S. Verissimo, Robert G. J. Vries, Sylvia F. Boj, Farzin Pourfarzad
Summary: Intestinal organoid-derived epithelial monolayers provide a valuable model for studying the effects and mechanisms of compounds, as they can simulate tissue- and patient-specific responses. Compared to traditional transformed cell lines, organoid-derived models more accurately represent the complexity and heterogeneity of in vivo epithelium, reducing the risk of drug development failures.
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Sara E. Cloft, Zehava Uni, Eric A. Wong
Summary: Mature small intestines have crypts populated by stem cells, which produce replacement cells for maintaining the absorptive villus surface area. The expression of stem cell markers Olfactomedin 4 (Olfm4) and Leucine-rich repeat containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) differed after hatching, with Olfm4 mRNA increasing and Lgr5 mRNA decreasing. Marker of proliferation Ki67 mRNA decreased post-hatch in the duodenum but was greatest in the ileum. The ontogeny of Olfm4, Lgr5, and Ki67 expressing cells shows that proliferation in the peri-hatch intestine changes from along the entire villi to being restricted within the crypts.
Article
Immunology
Nongthombam Boby, Xuewei Cao, Alyssa Ransom, Barcley T. Pace, Christopher Mabee, Monica N. Shroyer, Arpita Das, Peter J. Didier, Sudesh K. Srivastav, Edith Porter, Qiuying Sha, Bapi Pahar
Summary: Research has shown that under SIV infection, intestinal epithelial regeneration decreases, certain cell types increase, and differentially expressed genes in important pathways are downregulated. Despite the lack of significant reduction in stem cell population, dysregulation of intestinal stem cell niche factors, presence of inflammatory factors, and loss of epithelial barrier function, suggest that SIV infection impacts epithelial cell proliferation and intestinal homeostasis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marco Calafiore, Ya-Yuan Fu, Paola Vinci, Viktor Arnhold, Winston Y. Chang, Suze A. Jansen, Anastasiya Egorova, Shuichiro Takashima, Jason Kuttiyara, Takahiro Ito, Jonathan Serody, Susumu Nakae, Heth Turnquist, Johan Van Es, Hans Clevers, Caroline A. Lindemans, Bruce R. Blazar, Alan M. Hanash
Summary: Intestinal stem cells produce IL-33 after radiation injury, which induces Paneth cells to produce EGF and promote regeneration of the intestinal epithelium.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Jinnan Xiang, Haoyu Wang, Qianqian Tao, Wenxi Li, Yanfei Huang, Yushuo Zhang, Linan Yang, Shiyi Zhang
Summary: Chemotherapy-induced diarrhea can lead to dehydration, debilitation, infection, and death. However, there are currently no FDA-approved drugs for its treatment. Palbociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, has been shown to regulate the fate of ISCs and protect them from chemotherapy toxicity, leading to accelerated recovery of the gastrointestinal epithelium. It has also been found to enhance the survival of intestinal organoids and ex vivo tissues after chemotherapy. Furthermore, Palbociclib does not reduce the efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy in tumor grafts.
JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Ana Krotenberg Garcia, Arianna Fumagalli, Huy Quang Le, Rene Jackstadt, Tamsin Rosemary Margaret Lannagan, Owen J. Sansom, Jacco van Rheenen, Saskia J. E. Suijkerbuijk
Summary: Competitive cell interactions between cancer cells and wild-type cells lead to the active elimination of normal cells and promotion of cancer cell proliferation. This process is driven by cell-state change in wild-type cells and activation of JNK signaling, ultimately resulting in the out-competition of normal cells by cancer cells.
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Kodandaramireddy Nalapareddy, Yi Zheng, Hartmut Geiger
Summary: The intestine relies on stem cell function for maintaining tissue homeostasis. Aging results in changes to the intestinal architecture and a decline in the regenerative capacity of the intestine, mainly due to a decline in intestinal stem cell function. This review summarizes the mechanisms of aging in intestinal stem cells and their connection to extrinsic factors, and introduces recent approaches to attenuate or revert the aging process.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Virginia Giolito, Michelina Plateroti
Summary: Multiple studies have highlighted the role of thyroid hormones in stem cell biology, which is mediated through specific receptors. Previous research mainly focused on amphibians, but recent findings suggest that these findings also apply to mammals and have significant implications in intestinal epithelium stem cells and cancer stem cells.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Mayumi Oda, Yoshiko Hatano, Toshiro Sato
Summary: This article provides an overview of the vital functions of the intestinal epithelium and recent technological advances in genetic characterization and organoid technology. It also discusses the current understanding and future prospects of intestinal epithelial self-renewal during homeostasis and regeneration.
CURRENT OPINION IN GENETICS & DEVELOPMENT
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Hirohito Abo, Mst. Farzana Sultana, Hiroto Kawashima
Summary: This study reveals that Ang4 plays a significant role in maintaining intestinal stem cells and inducing apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells. Ang4 is mainly expressed by Paneth cells and goblet cells, and it promotes stem cell expansion and organoid growth through activating the Wnt and Notch signaling pathways.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Wenwen Ren, Li Wang, Xiujuan Zhang, Xiaoyu Feng, Liujing Zhuang, Nan Jiang, Rui Xu, Xuewen Li, Ping Wang, Xicai Sun, Hongmeng Yu, Yiqun Yu
Summary: Research suggests that olfactory stem cells may be a promising tool for replacing inactive globose basal cells and generating sensory neurons, potentially providing a new source for cell replacement-based therapy against smell loss.
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Brisa Palikuqi, Jeremie Rispal, Efren A. Reyes, Dedeepya Vaka, Dario Boffelli, Ophir Klein
Summary: The intestinal epithelium can continuously renew and regenerate, and the proliferation and maintenance of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are regulated by their surrounding niche cells. In this study, lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) were found to play an essential role in supporting epithelial renewal and repair by secreting molecules in close proximity to crypt epithelial cells. LECs were identified as a crucial source of Wnt signaling in the small intestine, and their loss hindered recovery after cytotoxic injury.
