Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Freeha Kanwal, Dingxin Ren, Wajiha Kanwal, Mengying Ding, Junqing Su, Xiaoya Shang
Summary: Based on scientific health claims, prebiotics are important in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Different types of prebiotics have diverse effects on the host. Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) like raffinose, stachyose, and verbascose have been widely used in medicine, cosmetics, and food additives. They prevent the colonization of pathogens and provide nutrition for a healthy immune system. Enrichment of RFOs in healthy foods can enhance the gut microecology and have beneficial effects on the host's multiorgan systems. This review paper summarizes the sources of RFOs, their metabolism, and the health benefits of bifidobacterial carbohydrate utilization.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nathan Johnson, J. Lucas Boatwright, William Bridges, Pushparajah Thavarajah, Shiv Kumar, Emerson Shipe, Dil Thavarajah
Summary: Lentils are rich in protein and micronutrients, with a variety of prebiotic carbohydrates that are beneficial for human health and plant health. Genome-wide association studies can identify genetic variants and candidate genes associated with prebiotic carbohydrates, providing potential for molecular-assisted breeding in lentils.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Ling Liu, Xiaolong Wu, Weibo Sun, Xiang Yu, Taku Demura, Dawei Li, Qiang Zhuge
Summary: Plants respond to abiotic stress through transcriptional and metabolic adjustments, with Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) and the key enzyme galactinol synthase (GolS) playing crucial roles. The GolS of Populus trichocarpa shares common features with GolS proteins in other plants and contains stress-responsive elements in its promoter region. Overexpressing AtGolS2 and PtrGolS3 in poplar enhances stress tolerance and increases the accumulation of stress-related metabolites, suggesting these genes as potential candidates for improving abiotic stress tolerance in woody plants.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2021)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Meijun Zeng, Jan-Peter van Pijkeren, Xuejun Pan
Summary: Prebiotics are used to modulate gut microbiota and improve host health. Gluco-oligosaccharides (GlcOS) have been found to exert prebiotic potentials due to their selective fermentation by beneficial gut bacteria. However, the prebiotic effects of GlcOS vary due to their complex structure. This review provides an overview of GlcOS as potential prebiotics, covering their synthesis, purification, structural characterization, and prebiotic effect evaluation.
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND FOOD SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Xueran Geng, Jiayu Lei, Tergun Bau, Dongdong Guo, Mingchang Chang, Cuiping Feng, Lijing Xu, Yanfen Cheng, Ningke Zuo, Junlong Meng
Summary: In this study, a novel acidic alpha-galactosidase was purified from Oudemansiella radicata and further immobilized to obtain iORG. The immobilized enzyme showed higher stability and better degradation effect on raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) in soymilk, indicating its potential application in the food industry.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Xiaochen Chen, Paul de Vos
Summary: Human milk oligosaccharides (hMOs) in mothers' milk and non-digestible carbohydrates (NDCs) added to infant formulas play a crucial role in guiding the colonization of microbiota and gut-immune barrier development in infants. The structures of these complex carbohydrates may influence their efficacy in modulating the gut-immune barrier.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Udhaya Kannan, Roopam Sharma, Manu P. Gangola, Seedhabadee Ganeshan, Monica Baga, Ravindra N. Chibbar
Summary: This study investigated the accumulation mechanism of raffinose family oligosaccharides during lentil seed development, confirming the important roles of RS and STS in the accumulation process, and examining the trends of various oligosaccharides at different stages of development.
JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yang Cai, Gert Folkerts, Saskia Braber
Summary: This review highlights the potential of non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) as novel interventions against respiratory infections. NDOs can effectively inhibit attachment and colonization of pathogens, promote gut microbiota balance, interfere with signaling pathways, and exhibit bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects. Understanding the anti-infective mechanisms of NDOs may lead to the development of alternative therapies to antimicrobials.
Review
Plant Sciences
Shijuan Yan, Qing Liu, Wenyan Li, Jianbing Yan, Alisdair R. Fernie
Summary: Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) play pivotal roles in regulating plant responses to various stresses, seed germination, plant development, and biotic stress resistance.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Gangaraju Divyashri, Bindu Sadanandan, Kotamballi N. Chidambara Murthy, Kalidas Shetty, Kumari Mamta
Summary: Non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) have the potential to act as prebiotics for neuroprotection by reducing oxidative damage through neutralizing free radicals. Some NDOs show promise for neuroprotective and neuromodulating effects, positively influencing overall health through various mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Sriniwas Pandey, Eun Sol Kim, Jin Ho Cho, Minho Song, Hyunok Doo, Sheena Kim, Gi Beom Keum, Jinok Kwak, Sumin Ryu, Yejin Choi, Juyoun Kang, Jeong Jae Lee, Hyeun Bum Kim
Summary: Non-digestible carbohydrates in pig's diet, including non-starch polysaccharides, resistant starch, and non-digestible oligosaccharides, play a significant role in swine gut microbial ecology and overall health. Although rich in energy, swine lack the enzymes necessary for their degradation and rely on gut microbes for energy production. However, limited research has been conducted on the bacteria involved in this process, highlighting the importance of investigating and understanding their role in non-digestible carbohydrate breakdown for pig nutrition and health.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jose A. Aznar-Moreno, Thiya Mukherjee, Stewart A. Morley, Dechassa Duressa, Shrikaar Kambhampati, Kevin L. Chu, Somnath Koley, Doug K. Allen, Timothy P. Durrett
Summary: This study demonstrates that suppressing lipase activity in soybean seeds can increase fatty acid content and decrease the presence of undigestible oligosaccharides. The upregulation of lipase genes during late seed development decreases fatty acid content and increases oligosaccharide levels. Suppressing these genes leads to higher oil levels and larger seeds without negatively impacting protein content.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Xiong Li, Bo Peng, Peter Chi-Keung Cheung, Jiacheng Wang, Xudong Zheng, Lijun You
Summary: Hydrothermal treatment can be used to depolymerize sulfated polysaccharide extracted from Gracilaria chouae to produce low molecular weight polysaccharides. These depolymerized polysaccharides have lower apparent viscosity and modulus, and can promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut while inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maria Eleni Mavrogeni, Mostafa Asadpoor, Paul A. J. Henricks, Ali Keshavarzian, Gert Folkerts, Saskia Braber
Summary: The epithelial monolayer plays a crucial role in mucosal barrier function, and tight junction (TJ) complexes are the main gate-keepers that seal the space between adjacent epithelial cells. Dysfunctional TJs can lead to increased permeation of pro-inflammatory substances into the circulation, causing local and systemic inflammatory responses and contributing to chronic inflammatory disorders. Increased gut leakiness is associated with conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's. Non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) have been shown to promote barrier function by directly regulating TJs through various pathways, providing numerous health benefits through their interactions with the microbiota and immune cells.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amit N. Sharma, Parul Chaudhary, Sachin Kumar, Chand Ram Grover, Goutam Mondal
Summary: Synbiotics formulation of 6 g FOS + L. plantarum CRD-7 improved digestibility, antioxidant enzymes, and immune status, as well as modulated the fecal microbiota and decreased diarrhea incidence in dairy calves. This suggests that synbiotics can be recommended for commercial use in order to achieve sustainable animal production.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Davide Risso, Gillian Dunngalvin, Sameer Saxena, Andrea Doolan, Lisa Spence, Kavita Karnik
Summary: This study investigated the gastrointestinal tolerance of low-calorie sugar D-allulose in young children and found that it was well tolerated. It can be considered as a candidate for replacing added sugars with lower caloric content in commercially produced goods.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xinying Suo, Anna Baggio, Nicoletta Pellegrini, Silvia Vincenzetti, Elena Vittadini
Summary: This study investigated the effects of shape, gluten, and structural breakdown on the starch digestibility and glycemic index of gluten-containing and gluten-free pasta. The results showed that mastication effort, shape, and gluten content had significant impacts on starch digestion and glycemic index, with gluten being the major factor affecting the amount of digested starch.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xinnuo Hu, Yanjun Yang, Cuihua Chang, Junhua Li, Yujie Su, Luping Gu
Summary: Fish collagen was enzymatically hydrolyzed using alkaline, papain, and ginger protease. The addition of ginger protease increased the degree of hydrolysis and resulted in changes in the amino acid composition and molecular weight distribution of the peptides. Combined hydrolysis with ginger protease improved the ACE inhibitory activity of the sample but affected fibroblast proliferation activity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tong Nie, Xin Wang, Aqun Li, Anshan Shan, Jun Ma
Summary: This study investigated the mechanism by which hesperidin prevents nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by modulating fatty acid beta oxidation. The results suggest that hesperidin promotes fatty acid beta oxidation by activating SIRT1/PGC1 alpha, thus improving NAFLD.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Li Li, Jing Zhao, Jinxue Wang, Qianqian Xiong, Xuechun Lin, Xiaolei Guo, Fan Peng, Wangqun Liang, Xuezhi Zuo, Chenjiang Ying
Summary: The daily administration of 10 g d-1 inulin-type fructans significantly reduced the circulating arsenic retention in end-stage renal disease by increasing the arsenic clearance rate through urine and dialysis. However, it was found to be ineffective for other trace elements.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chuanchuan Wang, Weixuan Chen, Yishan Jiang, Xiao Xiao, Qianhui Zou, Jiarui Liang, Yu Zhao, Qianxu Wang, Tian Yuan, Rui Guo, Xuebo Liu, Zhigang Liu
Summary: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) symptoms may be improved through modulation of gut microbiota. This study investigated the effects of a synbiotic treatment on an ASD-like mouse model, and found that it rectified social impairments, attenuated inflammatory cytokine expressions, protected gut barrier integrity, and altered gut microbiota composition. The synbiotic treatment elevated beneficial metabolites and upregulated genes associated with their synthesis. Overall, the synbiotic combination mitigated ASD-related social impairments through regulation of the gut-brain axis.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chunli Kong, Caiping Duan, Yixuan Zhang, Yiying Wang, Zheng Yan, Sumei Zhou
Summary: This review critically discusses the physicochemical properties of bioactive molecules in kidney beans and focuses on the current knowledge of non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) structure and function on intestinal health and metabolism. It also provides suggestions for further investigation and development of NSPs as novel plant carbohydrate resources.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fei Shen, Qianqian Wang, Sami Ullah, Ya Pan, Minjie Zhao, Jing Wang, Ming Chen, Fengqin Feng, Hao Zhong
Summary: This study investigated the peristalsis-promoting potential of Ligilactobacillus acidipiscis YJ5 and its underlying molecular mechanism in relieving constipation. The results showed that L. acidipiscis YJ5 intervention increased intestinal peristalsis in zebrafish and mouse models, reduced colonic aquaporin expression, repaired intestinal morphological damage, enhanced the colonic mucosal barrier, and reversed the gut microbiota structure. The positive effects of L. acidipiscis YJ5 were attributed to its metabolites such as malic acid and heliangin.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhuo Qu, Jiahui Tian, Jiachen Sun, Ying Shi, Jianqiang Yu, Wannian Zhang, Chunlin Zhuang
Summary: Smoking is the main risk factor for lung cancer, but garlic oil compound DATS shows potential as a chemopreventive agent. DATS can inhibit the carcinogenic effects of tobacco and regulate gut microbiota, as well as activate the PPAR-gamma pathway to suppress tumor growth.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yanli Zhang, Jielun Hu, Yadong Zhong, Shuai Liu, Liandi Liu, Xinyi Mu, Chunhua Chen, Shenji Yang, Guohao Li, Duoduo Zhang, Xinru Huang, Jinrui Yang, Xiaojun Huang, Shuigen Bian, Shaoping Nie
Summary: The study found that different ratios of insoluble and soluble dietary fiber have distinct effects on gut microbiota and serum metabolites. Increasing the ratio of insoluble dietary fiber increases the relative abundance and acid production of specific bacterial genera, while increasing the ratio of soluble dietary fiber increases the diversity and relative abundance of other bacterial genera and regulates metabolic pathways.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Enhui Tang, Tong Hu, Zhaokang Jiang, Xiaojun Shen, Huan Lin, Haiyan Xian, Xinlan Wu
Summary: Isoquercitrin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal mucosal barrier damage in mice by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-kappa B signaling pathway and modulating the intestinal flora.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nesma A. Abd Elrazik, Sahar A. Helmy
Summary: This study found that betanin, the major pigment in red beetroot, has a protective effect against bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. The protective effect may be attributed to the attenuation of the NLRP3/IL-1 beta/TGF-beta 1 signaling pathway and the suppression of the EMT process.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sha Li, Longchen Shang, Yuanyuan Chen, Rong Song, Jing Li, Bin Li
Summary: A new form of konjac fiber was prepared that could instantly expand in contact with digestive fluid, inhibiting the digestion of food. The digestion regulation ability of the fiber was influenced by the freezing temperature used during preparation, with the fiber prepared at -20 degrees C showing the best performance in delaying gastric emptying and preventing intestinal starch hydrolysis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xian Xia, Jiangdong Li, Rui Liang, Yi Li, Xiaojuan Ma, Ying Yang, Daniel Lozano-Ojalvo
Summary: This study aimed to reduce the allergenicity of ovomucoid through unfolding-assisted glycation. The results showed that maltose glycation effectively reduced the IgG-binding capacity of the allergen. Unfolded and glycated ovomucoid exhibited enhanced antioxidant activity and metal ion chelating ability.