Comparative analysis of crashworthiness of empty and foam-filled thin-walled tubes

Quasi-static axial compression tests were conducted on two types of empty aluminum alloy tubes (circular and square) and five types of aluminum ex-situ foam filled tube structures (foam-filled single circular and square tubes, foam-filled double circular and square tubes, and corner-foam-filled square tube). The load-deformation characteristics, deformation mode and energy absorption ability of these structures were investigated. Several parameters related to their crashworthiness were compared, including the specific energy absorption, the energy -absorbing effectiveness factor, etc. The influence of physical dimension on the crashworthiness of these structures was explored. Dimensions of the inner tube were found to have significant influence on the structural crashworthiness of foam-filled double tubes. The averaged crush force, specific energy absorption, energy absorption per stroke and energy-absorbing effectiveness factor of thin-walled circular structures are higher than those of thin-walled square structures, respectively. Foam-filled single and double circular tube structures are recommended as crashworthy structures due to their high crush force efficiency and energy-absorbing efficiency.