Article
Biology
Yafit Gabay, Avi Karni, Lori L. Holt
Summary: Research suggests that humans can generate complex categories based on imperfect sensory input. This study examines the possibility of incidental experiences generating lasting category knowledge. Results showed that sound category learning can occur incidentally during a visuomotor task, even when the sound categories are not necessary for task success. Furthermore, this incidental learning can lead to the consolidation of new knowledge and support generalization of learning.
Article
Neurosciences
B. A. Schuster, S. Sowden, A. J. Rybicki, D. S. Fraser, C. Press, P. Holland, J. L. Cook
Summary: Emotion recognition abilities are crucial for social interaction. Disorders related to dopamine system disruption often show impairments in emotion recognition. However, the effects of dopamine on emotion recognition vary depending on individual baseline dopamine levels, and this aspect has not been adequately addressed in previous research.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Nathaniel C. Noyes, Ronald L. Davis
Summary: Recent research has shown that neuronal circuitry involved in innate odor-driven behavior and odor-based learning may not be separate as previously thought. Instead, it has been discovered that these behaviors share a circuitry that includes the Drosophila mushroom body. This shared circuitry utilizes different signaling pathways to mediate the two behaviors, with rutabaga-encoded adenylyl cyclase activity being required for learning and ACXD adenylyl cyclase being required for innate odor preferences. Importantly, the utilization of this shared circuitry for innate behavior becomes apparent only when the fly is hungry, suggesting increased flexibility of hardwired behavior under stress.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Siyuan Chen, Kezhi Mao
Summary: Event Causality Identification is a challenging task that requires considering complex causal expressions and background knowledge. This paper proposes an integrative model that combines explicit and implicit causal knowledge to effectively identify causal relations between events.
EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Carina Jaap, Marike C. Maack, Philipp Taesler, Frank Steinicke, Michael Rose
Summary: Learning, whether implicit or explicit, plays a crucial role in our daily lives. Various factors can influence the transition from implicit to explicit memory. Virtual reality can enhance this transition and affect the level of awareness in memory. The study found that immersive VR environments led to a higher level of explicitly remembered pairs compared to screen-based tasks.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Mark Hoksbergen, Johnny Chan, Gabrielle Peko, David Sundaram
Summary: Asymmetric information can harm stakeholders in a transaction if they are unaware of the disparity in information among stakeholders, understanding the relationship and interaction among stakeholders is crucial for making informed decisions, especially in high-value low-frequency transactions.
DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Linguistics
Miroslaw Pawlak, Adriana Biedron
Summary: This study found that phonological short-term memory is related to implicit productive knowledge, while working memory capacity is linked to explicit productive knowledge. However, these relationships are weak and mediated by overall mastery of the target language grammar.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF APPLIED LINGUISTICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
V. N. Thakur, M. A. Basso, J. Ditterich, B. J. Knowlton
Summary: Research suggests that humans can learn and apply priors for perceptual decision-making, and implement them using different mechanisms depending on awareness levels. Implicit and explicit learners implement a general orientation bias by adjusting the starting point in the drift diffusion model, while explicit learners also adjust the drift rate offset.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ming-Deng Siao, Yung-Chang Lin, Tao He, Meng-Yu Tsai, Kuei-Yi Lee, Shou-Yi Chang, Kuang- Lin, Yen-Fu Lin, Mei-Yin Chou, Kazu Suenaga, Po-Wen Chiu
Summary: In this study, the growth of WS2 monolayer codoped with multiple kinds of transition metal impurities via chemical vapor deposition is demonstrated. The multi-element embedment of Cr, Fe, Nb, and Mo into the host lattice generates abundant impurity states in the bandgap of WS2, enabling a robust switch of charging/discharging states. Furthermore, doped WS2 field-effect transistors exhibit a profound memory window in their transfer curves, laying the groundwork for robust nonvolatile memory based on binary states.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna Volnova, Natalia Kurzina, Anastasia Belskaya, Arina Gromova, Arseniy Pelevin, Maria Ptukha, Zoia Fesenko, Alla Ignashchenkova, Raul R. Gainetdinov
Summary: Investigating the mechanisms of ADHD and other dopamine-associated conditions is crucial for developing new treatment approaches. This study evaluated the effects of alpha 2A-adrenoceptor agonist guanfacine on behavioral deficits in DAT-KO rats. The results showed that repeated administration of guanfacine improved spatial working memory and behavioral deficits in DAT-KO rats, suggesting the potential use of this drug in balancing dopamine and norepinephrine levels for treatment.
Article
Neurosciences
Melissa Talita Wiprich, Rafaela da Rosa Vasques, Darlan Gusso, Gabriel Ruebensam, Luiza Wilges Kist, Mauricio Reis Bogo, Carla Denise Bonan
Summary: Huntington's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by neuropsychiatric disturbance, cognitive impairment, and locomotor dysfunction. The levels of dopamine and the expression of dopamine receptors are altered in different stages of the disease.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Martin J. Dahl, Agnieszka Kulesza, Markus Werkle-Bergner, Mara Mather
Summary: Memory is crucial for defining our identity and guiding behavior based on past experiences. However, as we age, memory declines and disrupts the lives of older adults. Recent research suggests that degeneration of the locus coeruleus, a brain region responsible for dopamine and noradrenaline production, results in deficient modulation of hippocampal plasticity, leading to memory decline.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Guodong Ni, Ziyao Zhang, Zhenmin Yuan, Haitao Huang, Na Xu, Yongliang Deng
Summary: This study systematically identified 11 paths of TKE in real estate companies, categorizing them into solidified organization process and construction of organizational infrastructure. Factors influencing TKE are classified into organizational distal factors, contextual proximal factors, and individual factors, totaling 21 subordinates. Additionally, the correlation between TKE paths and influencing factors was established.
ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION AND ARCHITECTURAL MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Ronak Patel, Beverley K. Fredborg, Todd A. Girard
Summary: Previous work has shown that recognition of emotional facial expressions may be influenced by task demands, such as direct or indirect encoding of the emotional information. This study aimed to investigate whether participant gender could moderate these encoding task effects.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Madeleine Cleal, Barbara D. Fontana, Molly Double, Roxana Mezabrovschi, Leah Parcell, Edward Redhead, Matthew O. Parker
Summary: The study revealed an age-related decline in cognitive flexibility and working memory in aging zebrafish, as well as a coinciding increase in drd5 gene expression in aging adults. Treatment with a D1/D5 receptor agonist improved working memory in aging zebrafish, but had no effect in younger adults, while overdosing caused downregulation of dat expression in treated zebrafish. The findings also showed a similar age-related decline in working memory in humans, supporting zebrafish as a translational model of aging and cognitive decline.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Christian Ole Waechtler, Karima Chakroun, Mareike Clos, Janine Bayer, Nora Hennies, Jean Martin Beaulieu, Tobias Sommer
EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biology
Andreas Strube, Michael Rose, Sepideh Fazeli, Christian Buechel
Summary: The study found that in heat and pain processing, alpha-to-beta activity is associated with stimulus intensity expectation, followed by a negative modulation of gamma band activity by absolute prediction errors.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Philipp Taesler, Michael Rose
Summary: The study found that the insular cortex-based theta-band oscillatory states have a functional impact on the processing and subjective discrimination of nociceptive stimuli, offering potential for clinical applications.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biophysics
Jie Wu, Qitian Li, Qiufang Fu, Michael Rose, Liping Jing
Summary: This study investigates the facilitation effect of multisensory information on category learning. The results show that higher degree of stimuli distortion leads to a more robust multisensory effect, and the categorization of stimuli in one modality can be influenced by an accompanying stimulus in the other modality.
MULTISENSORY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Gina Joue, Karima Chakroun, Janine Bayer, Jan Glaescher, Lei Zhang, Johannes Fuss, Nora Hennies, Tobias Sommer
Summary: The study found that women showed enhanced brain activity related to reward prediction error compared to men, and this effect was further amplified when estrogen levels were elevated in both sexes. However, both female sex and estrogen slowed adaptation to reward prediction errors, resulting in a smaller learning rate.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Valentina Krenz, Tobias Sommer, Arjen Alink, Benno Roozendaal, Lars Schwabe
Summary: Memories are believed to undergo a time-dependent system consolidation, during which hippocampal activity decreases and neocortical activity increases. However, noradrenergic arousal after encoding can reverse this process and maintain the vividness of memories over time.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andreas Strube, Michael Rose, Sepideh Fazeli, Christian Buechel
Summary: The processing of negative affective pictures leads to desynchronization of alpha-to-beta frequencies and synchronization of gamma frequencies. Higher frequencies are associated with prediction errors, while lower frequencies are linked to expectations in predictive coding. The study found that top-down predictions and bottom-up prediction errors are represented in typical spectral patterns associated with affective picture processing.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Julia Jablonowski, Michael Rose
Summary: The incidental acquisition of multimodal associations is crucial for everyday memory functions. This study found that the ventral and dorsal posterior parietal regions have different functional recruitment in multimodal memory processing, and these differences are directly related to the associative process.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sawis Nouri, Sarah Biedermann, Gina Joue, Matthias K. Auer, Tobias Sommer, Johannes Fuss
Summary: There is a sex difference in anxiety-related behaviors and disorders, with estradiol potentially having an anxiolytic effect. This study investigated the effects of elevated estradiol levels on anxiety in men and women. The results showed that estradiol treatment reduced physiological stress response, but had no effect on behavioral measures and subjective anxiety levels.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Philipp Taesler, Michael Rose
Summary: Pain perception is influenced by processes such as expectations and attention before the actual stimulus, which can be seen in brain activity. A multivariate approach was used to identify specific pre-stimulus EEG activity patterns related to subsequent pain perception. The results showed that high gamma band activity in fronto-central regions played a crucial role in classifying painful sensations. Additionally, the pre-stimulus activity was as informative as post-stimulus processing, indicating its importance in predicting pain perception.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Carina Jaap, Marike C. Maack, Philipp Taesler, Frank Steinicke, Michael Rose
Summary: Learning, whether implicit or explicit, plays a crucial role in our daily lives. Various factors can influence the transition from implicit to explicit memory. Virtual reality can enhance this transition and affect the level of awareness in memory. The study found that immersive VR environments led to a higher level of explicitly remembered pairs compared to screen-based tasks.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Andreas Strube, Bjoern Horing, Michael Rose, Christian Buechel
Summary: Agency and expectations play crucial roles in pain perception and treatment. The Bayesian pain model integrates somatosensation and expectations to form a pain percept, weighting them by their precision. Two experiments showed that self-treatment and high treatment expectations led to greater pain relief. The findings supported the idea that agency enters the Bayesian pain model as a prior shift.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Gabriele M. Rune, Gina Joue, Tobias Sommer
Summary: To translate findings on the effects of 178-estradiol (E2) from animal studies to humans, a placebo-controlled pharmacological enhancement of E2 levels for at least 24 hours was administered. The exogenous increase in E2 levels had an impact on the secretion of other hormones and neuroactive hormones. Overall, the E2V regimen resulted in similar E2 levels, down-regulation of FSH and LH levels, decreased P4 concentration, dropped TST and DHT levels in men, and decreased levels of IGF-1 in both sexes.
PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Valentina Krenz, Arjen Alink, Tobias Sommer, Benno Roozendaal, Lars Schwabe
Summary: Memories undergo a time-dependent neural reorganization, with a transformation characterized by a semantic nature and reflected in pattern reinstatement in the hippocampus and event representations in the neocortex.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Karima Chakroun, Antonius Wiehler, Ben Wagner, David Mathar, Florian Ganzer, Thilo van Eimeren, Tobias Sommer, Jan Peters
Summary: This study investigates the impact of dopaminergic mechanisms on reinforcement learning and action selection using a combined pharmacological neuroimaging approach. The results suggest that there is little difference in the effects of L-dopa and Haloperidol on learning from gains, and lower dosages of D2 receptor antagonists may increase striatal dopamine release, leading to reduced decision thresholds.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)