Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Noah A. Haber, Sarah E. Wieten, Julia M. Rohrer, Onyebuchi A. Arah, Peter W. G. Tennant, Elizabeth A. Stuart, Eleanor J. Murray, Sophie Pilleron, Sze Tung Lam, Emily Riederer, Sarah Jane Howcutt, Alison E. Simmons, Clemence Leyrat, Philipp Schoenegger, Anna Booman, Mi-Suk Kang Dufour, Ashley L. O'Donoghue, Rebekah Baglini, Stefanie Do, Mari De la Rosa Takashima, Thomas Rhys Evans, Daloha Rodriguez-Molina, Taym M. Alsalti, Daniel J. Dunleavy, Gideon Meyerowitz-Katz, Alberto Antonietti, Jose A. Calvache, Mark J. Kelson, Meg G. Salvia, Camila Olarte Parra, Saman Khalatbari-Soltani, Taylor McLinden, Arthur Chatton, Jessie Seiler, Andreea Steriu, Talal S. Alshihayb, Sarah E. Twardowski, Julia Dabravolskaj, Eric Au, Rachel A. Hoopsick, Shashank Suresh, Nicholas Judd, Sebastian Pena, Cathrine Axfors, Palwasha Khan, Ariadne E. Rivera Aguirre, Nnaemeka U. Odo, Ian Schmid, Matthew P. Fox
Summary: The research examined the implication of causality in language used in high-profile medical literature, revealing varying degrees of causal implication in exposure/outcome linking language in abstracts and full texts, as well as a higher implication of causality in action recommendations compared to linking sentences.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Jim Hone, V. Alistair Drake, Charles J. Krebs
Summary: Wildlife management aims to address the decline of threatened species, sustainably harvest populations, and control undesirable impacts. Three feasible options for evaluation of wildlife management, including conservation, are discussed, highlighting the strengths of statistical and causal inference. The combination of abundance trends and population outcomes provides both statistical and causal inferences within an adaptive framework.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Haein Lee, Seon Hong Lee, Kyeo Re Lee, Jang Hyun Kim
Summary: Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors are crucial for sustainable business management and enhancing corporate value. Non-financial indicators are important for valuing corporations, and analyzing natural language data related to ESG is essential. In this study, the authors used big data from LexisNexis and Web of Science platforms to analyze sentiment and explore topics using the BERTopic technique. They also considered changes in subject patterns over time using dynamic topic modeling. The study reveals discussions on concepts proposed by international organizations like the United Nations (UN) in academia and media agendas.
CMC-COMPUTERS MATERIALS & CONTINUA
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
James W. Madole, K. Paige Harden
Summary: The authors of the study received 23 lively commentaries from various disciplines and answered three overarching questions regarding causality, similarities and differences between randomized controlled trials and within-family genome-wide association studies, and whether behavior genetics is qualitatively different from other fields.
BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Kayson Fakhar, Claus C. Hilgetag
Summary: Lesion inference analysis is a fundamental approach for understanding the causal contributions of neural elements to brain function. However, due to the complexities of interactions among elements, single-element perturbations may provide misleading results. Therefore, employing multi-site perturbations is necessary for a comprehensive characterization.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Dimitrios Zaikis, Nikolaos Stylianou, Ioannis Vlahavas
Summary: The paper introduces a media analytics framework for the Greek language, which utilizes subjectivity similarities among related classification tasks and has the potential for application to other low-resource languages. Media analysis is crucial for obtaining valuable insights from subjective text types, such as social media posts and news articles, to improve various areas of business and customer experience. The proposed unified framework incorporates sentiment, emotion, irony, and hate speech detection, enhancing the classification effectiveness for each task.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Review
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Ashutosh Sharma, Alexey Tselykh, Elizaveta Podoplelova, Alexander Tselykh
Summary: This article provides an adaptive review and analysis of different knowledge-oriented methods for establishing Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCM) based Causal Inference Relations in various domains. It introduces the progress of artificial intelligence-based methodologies in the field and presents a new ensembled-FCM approach with performance evaluation. The article also categorizes existing techniques and outlines potential research directions in the domain.
COMPUTERS & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Review
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Ashutosh Sharma, Alexey Tselykh, Elizaveta Podoplelova, Alexander Tselykh
Summary: This article contributes to the field of casual relations by providing an adaptive review of different knowledge-oriented methods for the establishment of Fuzzy Cognitive Maps based Causal Inference Relations. It introduces artificial intelligence-based methodologies and compares their performance. The article also presents an ensembled-FCM based approach and evaluates its performance parameters.
COMPUTERS & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Shirley Wang, Christopher Meilchen, Pranjal Agrawal, Mary Rostom, Gaurish Agrawal, Corey Able, Justin M. Dubin, Andrew T. Gabrielson, Taylor P. Kohn
Summary: This study aimed to assess the role of influential figures within social media in driving future citations. It found that while social media posts were associated with increased visibility and higher future citation rates, social media influencers did not appear to drive these outcomes. Instead, factors such as study quality and accessibility were more predictive of future citations. Therefore, high-quality and open access articles are more likely to be cited.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Giancarlo Pasquini, Giselle Ferguson, Isabella Bouklas, Huy Vu, Mohammadzaman Zamani, Ruixue Zhaoyang, Karra D. Harrington, Nelson A. Roque, Jacqueline Mogle, H. Andrew Schwartz, Stacey B. Scott
Summary: This study examined the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on the psychological well-being of older adults in the Bronx, New York. The results showed that loneliness and depressive feelings increased during the pandemic, especially in individuals with higher levels of neuroticism. Twitter data analysis also revealed higher levels of anxiety, depressivity, and negative affect in the community during 2020 compared to 2019. The integration of individual and community data provided valuable insights into the rapidly changing environment.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Hao Fei, Yuanpei Guo, Bobo Li, Donghong Ji, Yafeng Ren
Summary: The paper proposes a domain adaptation framework for cross-domain clinical RTE, achieving significantly improved performance through methods such as constructing a hierarchical feature encoder architecture and introducing a domain discriminator, and proving to be highly effective for cross-domain clinical RTE.
KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS
(2021)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Mi Ah Han, Gareth Leung, Dawid Storman, Yingqi Xiao, Archita Srivastava, Jhalok Ronjan Talukdar, Regina El Dib, Rita E. Morassut, Dena Zeraatkar, Bradley C. Johnston, Gordon Guyatt
Summary: The study found that systematic reviews of observational studies sometimes have causal intent, while sometimes they do not. Reviews with causal intent are more likely to investigate therapeutic clinical intervention. However, there is inconsistency in language use, with some reviews using language inconsistent with the intent of the study.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
James L. Nuzzo
Summary: The study addresses the inconsistent use of resistance training exercise names in scientific articles, finding variability in naming conventions across different publications. It suggests the implementation of a standardized exercise naming pattern and communication guidelines in research articles, educational texts, and clinical practice to improve consistency and clarity.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Information Science & Library Science
Alvin Zhou
Summary: This article provides empirical evidence for the direct causal relationship between affordances and communication behavior on digital media platforms using the example of Twitter's character limit change. It also highlights the predictive role of previous endogenous perceptions on later behavioral changes, emphasizing human agency in the face of technological changes and supporting the affordance approach in the ICT field.
TELEMATICS AND INFORMATICS
(2021)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Mohamed Zul Fadhli Khairuddin, Khairunnisa Hasikin, Nasrul Anuar Abd Razak, Khin Wee Lai, Mohd Zamri Osman, Muhammet Fatih Aslan, Kadir Sabanci, Muhammad Mokhzaini Azizan, Suresh Chandra Satapathy, Xiang Wu
Summary: This study provides a systematic review of text mining and Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications in extracting text narratives from occupational injury reports. The review highlights the application of machine and deep learning-based NLP models in predicting occupational injury and classifying accident types and causal factors. However, there is a lack of deep learning models in extracting occupational injury reports.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Rachael K. Ross, Alexander Breskin, Tiffany L. Breger, Daniel Westreich
Summary: Inverse probability weights are widely used in epidemiological analysis to address bias. However, there is limited research on the combination of weights to address multiple biases in a time-fixed setting. This work examines examples of combined weights for confounding and missingness, discusses identification conditions, construction of combined weights, and the impact of missing data mechanisms. The estimation and application of weights are illustrated using simulations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Noah A. Haber, Mollie E. Wood, Sarah Wieten, Alexander Breskin
Summary: The DAGWOOD framework is a method for encoding and analyzing causal inference assumptions, which includes a root DAG and a set of branch DAGs. The branch DAGs provide alternative assumptions by changing the root DAG and meeting specific conditions. This framework helps organize causal model assumptions, reinforce best practices, evaluate causal models, and generate new causal models.
ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sara N. Levintow, Kate K. Orroth, Alexander Breskin, Andrew S. Park, Jose H. Flores Arredondo, Paul Dluzniewski, Ann Marie Navar, Henrik T. Sorensen, M. Alan Brookhart
Summary: Clinical trials have shown the efficacy of PCSK9 inhibitors in reducing cardiovascular disease events, but their effectiveness in routine clinical care is not well-studied. This observational study used negative control outcomes to assess potential confounding and found that PCSK9 inhibitor initiators had lower risks of negative control outcomes associated with frailty.
PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Noah A. Haber, Emma Clarke-Deelder, Avi Feller, Emily R. Smith, Joshua A. Salomon, Benjamin MacCormack-Gelles, Elizabeth M. Stone, Clara Bolster-Foucault, Jamie R. Daw, Laura Anne Hatfield, Carrie E. Fry, Christopher B. Boyer, Eli Ben-Michael, Caroline M. Joyce, Beth S. Linas, Ian Schmid, Eric H. Au, Sarah E. Wieten, Brooke Jarrett, Cathrine Axfors, Van Thu Nguyen, Beth Ann Griffin, Alyssa Bilinski, Elizabeth A. Stuart
Summary: The reviewed literature evaluating the impact of COVID-19 policies has failed to meet rigorous design criteria and provide actionable evidence for policymakers.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Stephen R. Cole, Jessie K. Edwards, Alexander Breskin, Samuel Rosin, Paul N. Zivich, Bonnie E. Shook-Sa, Michael G. Hudgens
Summary: Fusion study designs combine data from different sources to effectively answer research questions that cannot be addressed by subsets of the data alone. Fusion estimators, such as stacked estimating functions, provide consistent and unbiased results for identified research questions using data from fusion designs. This paper presents examples of fusion designs and estimators, demonstrating their applications in generalizing proportions to target populations and correcting measurement errors in proportions, with simulations showing their effectiveness and accuracy.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Noah A. Haber, Sarah E. Wieten, Julia M. Rohrer, Onyebuchi A. Arah, Peter W. G. Tennant, Elizabeth A. Stuart, Eleanor J. Murray, Sophie Pilleron, Sze Tung Lam, Emily Riederer, Sarah Jane Howcutt, Alison E. Simmons, Clemence Leyrat, Philipp Schoenegger, Anna Booman, Mi-Suk Kang Dufour, Ashley L. O'Donoghue, Rebekah Baglini, Stefanie Do, Mari De la Rosa Takashima, Thomas Rhys Evans, Daloha Rodriguez-Molina, Taym M. Alsalti, Daniel J. Dunleavy, Gideon Meyerowitz-Katz, Alberto Antonietti, Jose A. Calvache, Mark J. Kelson, Meg G. Salvia, Camila Olarte Parra, Saman Khalatbari-Soltani, Taylor McLinden, Arthur Chatton, Jessie Seiler, Andreea Steriu, Talal S. Alshihayb, Sarah E. Twardowski, Julia Dabravolskaj, Eric Au, Rachel A. Hoopsick, Shashank Suresh, Nicholas Judd, Sebastian Pena, Cathrine Axfors, Palwasha Khan, Ariadne E. Rivera Aguirre, Nnaemeka U. Odo, Ian Schmid, Matthew P. Fox
Summary: The research examined the implication of causality in language used in high-profile medical literature, revealing varying degrees of causal implication in exposure/outcome linking language in abstracts and full texts, as well as a higher implication of causality in action recommendations compared to linking sentences.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Elizabeth A. Suarez, Michael Nguyen, Di Zhang, Yueqin Zhao, Danijela Stojanovic, Monica Munoz, Jane Liedtka, Abby Anderson, Wei Liu, Inna Dashevsky, David Cole, Sandra DeLuccia, Talia Menzin, Jennifer Noble, Judith C. Maro
Summary: The US FDA places great importance on monitoring the safety of medications used during pregnancy. Traditional methods like pregnancy exposure registries and cohort studies have limitations, such as small sample sizes and limited outcome assessment. TreeScan, a statistical data mining tool, can simultaneously identify potential adverse outcomes for neonates and infants after maternal medication exposure. This study applied TreeScan to compare the use of fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins during the first trimester and did not observe any new safety signals. TreeScan, combined with tailored or high-dimensional propensity scores, is a valuable tool for safety surveillance of medications used during pregnancy.
PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY
(2023)
Letter
Immunology
Kathleen E. Wirth, Jessie K. Edwards, Lydia Feinstein, Alexander Breskin
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Correction
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Alexander Breskin, Stephen R. Cole, Jessie K. Edwards, Ron Brookmeyer, Joseph J. Eron, Adimora A. Adimora
STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Demography
David Canning, Mahesh Karra
Summary: Although there is extensive research on unmet need for family planning, there is limited quantitative evidence on unwanted family planning. This study provides estimates of unwanted family planning using data from Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 56 low- and middle-income countries. The prevalence of unwanted family planning is found to be 2.1 percent, with variations across countries. The use of condoms, withdrawal, and abstinence contribute to about half of unwanted family planning.
STUDIES IN FAMILY PLANNING
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sara N. N. Levintow, Carrie M. M. Nielson, Rohini K. K. Hernandez, Alexander Breskin, David Pritchard, Timothy L. L. Lash, Kenneth J. J. Rothman, David Gilbertson, Paul Muntner, Cathy Critchlow, M. Alan Brookhart, Brian D. D. Bradbury
Summary: This narrative review discusses the application of negative control outcome (NCO) methods in non-randomized comparisons of drug effectiveness and safety. Two completed NCO studies are used to illustrate the use and results of these methods, and recommendations for future research are provided.
PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alana T. Brennan, Cornelius Nattey, Emma M. Kileel, Sydney Rosen, Mhairi Maskew, Andrew C. Stokes, Matthew P. Fox, Willem D. F. Venter
Summary: A study in Johannesburg, South Africa found that patients who switched from efavirenz to dolutegravir experienced weight gain and an increased risk of hypertension after 12 months of treatment.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alana Brennan, Beatrice Vetter, Mohammed Majam, Vanessa T. Msolomba, Francois Venter, Sergio Carmona, Kekeletso Kao, Adena Gordon, Gesine Meyer-Rath, Mobolanle Balogun
Summary: By utilizing COVID-19 screening as an opportunity, we assessed the yield and linkage-to-care for diabetes and hypertension screening in taxi ranks in Johannesburg, South Africa. The overall indicative prevalence of diabetes was estimated to be 7.1%, and hypertension was estimated to have a prevalence of 27.9%. However, the linkage-to-care following screening was poor, with only 30% of individuals with elevated blood glucose and 16.3% with elevated blood pressure seeking medical attention.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
David B. Richardson, Amelia T. Martin, Elizabeth S. Mcclure, Maryalice Nocera, John Cantrell, Shabbar I. Ranapurwala, Stephen Marshall
Summary: We describe progress in the control of deaths on-the-job due to fatal occupational injury in North Carolina over the period 1978-2017. The study found that the fatal occupational injury rate has declined significantly over the four decades, with both men and women experiencing substantial reductions. These declines were observed across all major industry categories and for different age groups.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE
(2023)