Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jiling Liang, Hu Zhang, Zhengzhong Zeng, Jun Lv, Jielun Huang, Xiaowen Wu, Minghui Wang, Jiahao Xu, Jingjing Fan, Ning Chen
Summary: Exercise interventions may serve as a potential treatment for sarcopenia by modulating molecular mechanisms associated with muscle atrophy.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Carmella C. Nugent Britt, Leilani X. Alvarez, Kenneth Lamb
Summary: The study found that a single dose of 6 or 12 g of Fortetropin did not decrease serum myostatin levels in healthy adult dogs over a 72-hour period. Further research is needed to determine the efficacy and bioavailability of oral supplements like Fortetropin for clinical use in dogs.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Orthopedics
Hui Ouyang, Xuguang Gao, Jun Zhang
Summary: BCAT1 is essential for muscle cell growth by activating mTOR signaling and reducing ROS production, contributing to sustained growth of muscle cells.
BMC MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Feng-Min Zhang, Hao-Fan Wu, Han-Ping Shi, Zhen Yu, Cheng-Le Zhuang
Summary: Sarcopenia is a systemic skeletal muscle disorder that often affects the elderly population and is more common in cancer patients. It not only changes body composition but also leads to increased complications, reduced treatment efficacy, and shortened survival.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Xiaoyan Chen, Gongxiang Liu, Siyuan Li, Xiufang Lin, Zhenli Han, Xiaoyi Hu, Jinhui Wu, Ming Yang
Summary: The different measurement protocols for handgrip strength recommended by the AWGS 2019 update significantly affect the measurement values and identification of handgrip strength asymmetry, but not handgrip strength weakness.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Huan-Huan Zhou, Yuxiao Liao, Zhao Peng, Fang Liu, Qi Wang, Wei Yang
Summary: This study examines the relationship between muscle wasting and mortality risk, finding that muscle wasting is associated with higher risks of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality, cancer mortality, and respiratory disease mortality. Early detection and treatment of muscle wasting may be crucial for reducing mortality risk and promoting healthy longevity.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yi-Ju Chen, Rathinasamy Baskaran, Ching Fang Chang, Zuhair M. Mohammedsaleh, Wan-Teng Lin
Summary: Sarcopenia, age-related muscle loss, has negative health consequences such as decreased strength and insulin resistance. The bioactive peptide DI-10 promotes myoblast differentiation and upregulates mitochondrial-related transcription factors under hyperglycemic conditions. This suggests DI-10's potential as a therapeutic candidate for preventing muscle degeneration in sarcopenia.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Hyejin Lee, Kyeong Seon Lee, Ji Hye Jeong, Ji Soo Yoon, Seung Hwan Hwang, Sang-Yoon Kim, Sung Hum Yeon, Jae-Ha Ryu
Summary: In our study, we discovered that Alnus japonica extract (AJE) and oregonin, its main component, have the ability to prevent muscle wasting. In both in vitro and in vivo studies, AJE and oregonin showed positive effects on muscle strength and mass. They stimulated myogenesis, protected against loss of myotubes, and regulated muscle protein synthesis and degradation. These findings suggest that AJE could be a beneficial treatment for sarcopenia.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lauren Jun, Megan Robinson, Thangiah Geetha, Tom L. L. Broderick, Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
Summary: Skeletal muscle atrophy is a prevalent issue in numerous pathological conditions and has significant implications for the health of society, particularly older adults. The detrimental effects of muscle atrophy include functional disability, increased fracture risk, decreased metabolic rate, and reduced bone density. This review article focuses on the prevalence and mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy, with particular emphasis on high-fat, high-sugar diets, obesity, and diabetes, as well as other conditions such as sarcopenia, Alzheimer's disease, cancer cachexia, and heart failure.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Valentina Di Felice, Rosario Barone, Eleonora Trovato, Daniela D'Amico, Filippo Macaluso, Claudia Campanella, Antonella Marino Gammazza, Vera Muccilli, Vincenzo Cunsolo, Patrizia Cancemi, Gabriele Multhoff, Dario Coletti, Sergio Adamo, Felicia Farina, Francesco Cappello
Summary: Physiactisome, a conditioned medium released by Hsp60-overexpressing C2C12 cell lines, shows potential for treating cachexia by activating the expression of PGC-1 alpha isoform 1 and suppressing muscle atrophy.
Review
Cell Biology
Dylan Wilburn, Ahmed Ismaeel, Steven Machek, Emma Fletcher, Panagiotis Koutakis
Summary: Maintaining skeletal muscle mass and function involves a delicate balance between anabolism and catabolism, which can be disrupted in different pathological conditions. This paper discusses the specific intracellular signaling events that regulate muscle protein atrophy in various clinical occurrences. Each pathology has unique mechanisms that contribute to muscle loss, providing researchers and clinicians with specific targets for developing more effective medical treatments and interventions.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard, Arian Askari, Bashdar Mahmud Hussen, Mohammad Taheri, Arda Kiani
Summary: Sarcopenia is a disease characterized by muscle atrophy and frailty in older adults, with the underlying molecular mechanisms still unclear. Noncoding RNAs, particularly microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs, have been identified as playing a role in the development and progression of sarcopenia. This manuscript reviews the current understanding of their involvement and discusses their potential as therapeutic targets.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Hiroaki Eshima, Justin L. Shahtout, Piyarat Siripoksup, MacKenzie J. Pearson, Ziad S. Mahmassani, Patrick J. Ferrara, Alexis W. Lyons, John Alan Maschek, Alek D. Peterlin, Anthony R. P. Verkerke, Jordan M. Johnson, Anahy Salcedo, Jonathan J. Petrocelli, Edwin R. Miranda, Ethan J. Anderson, Sihem Boudina, Qitao Ran, James E. Cox, Micah J. Drummond, Katsuhiko Funai
Summary: ROS accumulation is a key characteristic of skeletal muscle atrophy. The role of ROS in the loss of muscle mass and strength is not clear. This study reveals that LOOH, a type of ROS, promotes muscle atrophy in a lysosomal-dependent manner. Inhibition of LOOH prevents muscle atrophy and weakness in both young and old mice, suggesting that LOOH-derived carbonyl stress mediates age- and disuse-induced muscle dysfunction.
Review
Physiology
Zineb Bouredji, Anteneh Argaw, Jerome Frenette
Summary: Skeletal muscle, comprising almost half of the body weight, plays vital roles in various functions. It has high plasticity and can adapt to stimuli. Satellite cells and inflammatory cells have important roles in muscle homeostasis, injury, and repair processes. However, uncontrolled recruitment of inflammatory cells or chronic inflammation can lead to muscle atrophy and impairment of function. Muscle atrophy and loss of function occur in both physiological and pathological situations. Recent studies have revealed the molecular mechanisms responsible for muscle atrophy caused by modified mechanical loading, aging, and diseases. The inflammatory process in muscle homeostasis and repair is found to be a double-edged sword. Recent therapeutic approaches for muscle wasting disorders, particularly focusing on the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway, have been reviewed.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jedd Pratt, Giuseppe De Vito, Ricardo Segurado, Ludmilla Pessanha, Jackie Dolan, Marco Narici, Colin Boreham
Summary: This study examined the association between plasma NfL concentration and sarcopenic domains. The results showed that NfL levels were associated with grip strength and SMI and were significantly elevated in sarcopenic individuals. This suggests that NfL levels could be a potential biomarker for sarcopenia.
JOURNAL OF CACHEXIA SARCOPENIA AND MUSCLE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Nicola A. Gillies, Bernhard Franzke, Barbara Wessner, Barbara Schober-Halper, Marlene Hofmann, Stefan Oesen, Anela Tosevska, Eva-Maria Strasser, Nicole C. Roy, Amber M. Milan, David Cameron-Smith, Karl-Heinz Wagner
Summary: The study found that choline metabolites such as choline, betaine, and dimethylglycine play a central role in the co-regulation of 1C metabolism and cardiometabolic health in older adults. Additionally, changes in some metabolites were associated with improvements in lipid metabolism.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Kristina Sibbin, Patrick Yap, Denis Nyaga, Raoul Heller, Stephen Evans, Kate Strachan, Salam Alburaiky, Han M. (Alex) Nguyen, Sylvie Hermann-Le Denmat, Austen R. D. Ganley, Justin M. O'Sullivan, Frank H. Bloomfield
Summary: This study reports a rare case of monozygotic twins, one presenting with proximal small bowel atresia and hydrops, and the other with apple-peel bowel atresia and laryngeal dysgenesis. Trio genome sequencing identified a de novo missense variant in the ACTB gene, which was shown in experiments to be associated with intestinal malformations.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS PART A
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Sophie L. St Clair, Jane E. Harding, Justin M. O'Sullivan, Gregory D. Gamble, Jane M. Alsweiler, Tommi Vatanen, H. P. O. D. Study Group
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of dextrose gel on the neonatal gut microbiome, showing no impact on the microbiome. Mode of birth, type of milk fed, hospital of birth, and ethnicity were associated with differences in the neonatal microbiome.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD-FETAL AND NEONATAL EDITION
(2022)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Justin M. O'Sullivan, Tayaza Fadason
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tommi Vatanen, O. Sakwinska, B. Wilson, S. Combremont, W. S. Cutfield, S. Y. Chan, K. M. Godfrey, Justin M. O'Sullivan
Summary: This pilot study used RNA sequencing data to investigate the shifts in bacterial gene expression in the infant gut following transmission from the maternal gut. The results showed large scale gene expression changes, especially in Bacteroides spp. This study highlights the importance of metatranscriptomic analysis in microbiome research.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Sobhan Mardan-Dezfouli, Owen G. Reid, Matthew D. Fliss, Jordan Stevenson, David Harris, Michael R. Lyon, Michael S. Koehle, Cameron J. Mitchell
Summary: This study examined the impact of abdominal body contouring surgery (ABCS) on objective measures of physical function in individuals who have undergone massive weight loss (MWL). The results showed that the modified physical performance test (mPPT) and tests involving dynamic balance, agility, and walking were reliable and showed medium to large effect sizes.
AESTHETIC SURGERY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Chantal A. A. Pileggi, Christopher P. P. Hedges, Randall F. F. D'Souza, Brenan R. R. Durainayagam, Nina Zeng, Vandre C. C. Figueiredo, Anthony J. R. Hickey, Cameron J. J. Mitchell, David Cameron-Smith
Summary: Mitochondrial dynamics show limited changes in response to inactivity. Restoration of ambulatory activity can reverse the altered gene expression patterns, while resistance training has little effect on gene expression changes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Brenan Durainayagam, Cameron J. J. Mitchell, Amber M. M. Milan, Marlena C. C. Kruger, Nicole C. C. Roy, Karl Fraser, David Cameron-Smith
Summary: The aim of this study was to examine the dynamic responses of plasma metabolome in overweight females in relation to meal glycaemic load (GL). The results showed that participants with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) had lower concentrations of certain amino acids and metabolites related to energy metabolism after meals. However, the manipulation of meal GL had minimal impact on the postprandial metabolome, indicating that individual metabolic health has a greater influence.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jia Jiet Lim, Yutong Liu, Louise W. Lu, Ivana R. Sequeira, Sally D. Poppitt
Summary: Bariatric surgery and pharmacology treatments increase GLP-1 and PYY levels, promoting satiety and weight loss. However, the role of GLP-1 and PYY in predicting appetite response during dietary interventions is unclear. This study found that hunger reduction was associated with decreased GLP-1 and GIP levels, and increased glycine and proline levels, suggesting that other biomarkers, such as amino acids, should be investigated further.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Farha Ramzan, Ivana R. Sequeira-Bisson, Louise W. Lu, Cameron J. Mitchell, Randall F. D'Souza, Mark H. Vickers, Sally D. Poppitt, David Cameron-Smith
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between circulating miRNA levels and intra-pancreatic fat deposition and liver fat deposition. The results showed significant correlations between miR-21-3p and miR-320a-5p with intra-pancreatic fat deposition, and the abundance of miR-21-3p was negatively correlated with intra-pancreatic fat deposition. miR-21-3p and miR-320a-5p were not associated with liver fat deposition.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Rehabilitation
Justin M. Losciale, Linda K. Truong, Kexin Zhang, Thomas Scarr, Hui Xie, Linda C. Li, Cameron Mitchell, Michael A. Hunt, Jackie L. Whittaker
Summary: This study aimed to explore the association between index leg knee muscle strength and rate of torque development (RTD), and self-reported and performance-based knee function in individuals 1-4 years after a sport-related knee joint injury. The results showed a nonlinear relationship between knee extensor strength and hop function, with lower strength being associated with a stronger relationship. As strength values increased, the relationship attenuated. Knee extensor and flexor strength, as well as RTD, were not associated with self-reported function.
PHYSICAL THERAPY IN SPORT
(2023)
Article
Biology
Catriona J. Miller, Evgeniia Golovina, Joerg S. Wicker, Jessie C. Jacobsen, Justin M. OSullivan
Summary: This study identified four genes located at the 17q21.31 locus that could potentially be causal for autism. By integrating data on gene and protein interactions, the researchers determined the relationship between this locus and autism as well as other neurological traits, and identified a distinct cluster of co-occurring traits linked to autism.
LIFE SCIENCE ALLIANCE
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Randall F. D'Souza, Vandre C. Figueiredo, James F. Markworth, Nina Zeng, Christopher P. Hedges, Llion A. Roberts, Truls Raastad, Jeff S. Coombes, Jonathan M. Peake, Cameron J. Mitchell, David Cameron-Smith
Summary: Cold water immersion (CWI) affects muscle adaptations to exercise training by modulating miRNA expression, with attenuated muscle hypertrophy and increased angiogenesis. This study examined the regulatory mechanisms involved in cleavage and nuclear export of mature miRNA, and found that CWI suppressed mRNA expression of DROSHA, EXPORTIN-5, and DICER in skeletal muscle. MiR-133a and miR-126 remained elevated at 24 hours post-exercise only in the CWI trial. However, the gene targets of these miRNA did not differ between trials.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2023)