Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Carlos Escudero, Ellen Kupka, Belen Ibanez, Hermes Sandoval, Felipe Troncoso, Anna-Karin Wikstroem, Daniela Lopez-Espindola, Jesenia Acurio, Pablo Torres-Vergara, Lina Bergman
Summary: Preeclampsia is a maternal syndrome characterized by hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation with brain complications being the main cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in low- and middle-income countries. In addition to the cardiovascular effects, women with preeclampsia have higher risk of stroke, dementia, white matter lesions, epilepsy, and cognitive decline postpartum, and evidence also links preeclampsia with similar cognitive and cerebral disorders in offspring. However, the mechanistic links between these associations remain unresolved. This article summarizes the current knowledge and potential pathophysiological mechanisms of cerebrovascular complications in preeclampsia.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Anna Kivioja, Elli Toivonen, Jaakko Tyrmi, Sanni Ruotsalainen, Samuli Ripatti, Heini Huhtala, Tiina Jaaskelainen, Seppo Heinonen, Eero Kajantie, Juha Kere, Katja Kivinen, Anneli Pouta, Tanja Saarela, Hannele Laivuori
Summary: The study found that the polygenic risk score for blood pressure (BP-PRS) is associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia and its severe subtypes, with women with high BP-PRS presenting higher blood pressure values during pregnancy.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Shi Fang, M. Christine Livergood, Pablo Nakagawa, Jing Wu, Curt D. Sigmund
Summary: This review focuses on the mechanisms by which nuclear receptors mediate transcriptional responses, with a specific emphasis on the role of PPARγ in regulating blood pressure. Genetic and clinical trial data demonstrate the importance of PPARγ in hypertension, and the tissue- and cell-specific molecular mechanisms by which PPARs modulate blood pressure and related phenotypes are detailed. The role of placental PPARs in preeclampsia is also discussed, along with future research directions and implications for novel therapies.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bing He, Yu Liu, Mano R. Maurya, Paula Benny, Cameron Lassiter, Hui Li, Shankar Subramaniam, Lana X. Garmire
Summary: The study identified altered lipid profiles in severe preeclampsia patients, with increased intercorrelations and connections of oxidized phospholipids and reduced network correlations of other lipids. Certain lipid species showed significant changes uniquely associated with preeclampsia, serving as potential biomarkers for the condition. The dysregulated biological pathways enriched with these lipids, such as insulin signaling and immune response, indicate a potential role of the lipidome in the pathogenesis of severe preeclampsia.
JOURNAL OF LIPID RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Kyle R. Roell, Quaker E. Harmon, Kari Klungsoyr, Anna E. Bauer, Per Magnus, Stephanie M. Engel
Summary: This study investigated changes in gestational blood pressure trajectories among preeclampsia cases, finding that individuals with a more rapid increase in blood pressure and those with a high starting blood pressure experienced worse pregnancy outcomes.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hsiao-Wen Lu, Han-Shui Hsu
Summary: This study aims to use a combination of maternal-obstetrical characteristics and complete blood cell counts with different red blood cell indices to detect the severity of preeclampsia before delivery. The results show that the combined variables have satisfactory performance in distinguishing severe preeclampsia from other non-hypertensive and hypertensive groups.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Young Mi Jung, Gyu Chul Oh, Eunjin Noh, Hae-Young Lee, Min-Jeong Oh, Joong Shin Park, Jong Kwan Jun, Seung Mi Lee, Geum Joon Cho
Summary: Hypertension before pregnancy, specifically stage I hypertension, increases the risk of obstetric complications. Lower pre-pregnancy blood pressure is associated with better maternal and neonatal outcomes. Pregnant women with stage I hypertension prior to pregnancy should be carefully monitored for adverse outcomes.
BMC PREGNANCY AND CHILDBIRTH
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Lina Bergman, Roxanne Hastie, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Sonja Schell, Eduard Langenegger, Ashley Moodley, Susan Walker, Stephen Tong, Catherine Cluver
Summary: The study found evidence of neuroinflammation and an injured blood-brain barrier in women with preeclampsia and eclampsia, especially in those with eclampsia.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Sonia Johnson, Sanne Gordijn, Stefanie Damhuis, Wessel Ganzevoort, Mark Brown, Peter von Dadelszen, Laura A. Magee, Asma Khalil
Summary: This study used the Delphi procedure to reach consensus on diagnostic criteria and monitoring strategies for white coat hypertension in pregnancy.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Emma Preston, Marie-France Hivert, Abby F. Fleisch, Antonia M. Calafat, Sharon K. Sagiv, Wei Perng, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, Jorge E. Chavarro, Emily Oken, Ami R. Zota, Tamarra James-Todd
Summary: This study found that exposure to certain PFAS may increase the risk of gestational hypertension during pregnancy, with potential implications for maternal and child health outcomes.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Qiuying Zhao, Weiye Dai, Hui Yu Chen, Russell E. Jacobs, Berislav V. Zlokovic, Brett T. Lund, Axel Montagne, Alexandre Bonnin
Summary: Gestational maternal immune activation in mice leads to persistent brain inflammation and neuropathological changes in adult offspring. This study reveals that the disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB) function is involved in this process, which is caused by increased microglial activation and abnormal prenatal BBB formation driven by COX2 expression.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Margaret H. Bublitz, Elena Salmoirago-Blotcher, Laura Sanapo, Nina Ayala, Niharika Mehta, Ghada Bourjeily
Summary: This pilot randomized clinical trial suggests that prenatal mindfulness training is feasible and acceptable, and may be a useful adjunctive preventative treatment for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy among at-risk pregnant patients.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHOSOMATIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Elzbieta Poniedzialek-Czajkowska, Radzislaw Mierzynski, Dominik Dluski, Bozena Leszczynska-Gorzelak
Summary: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, such as preeclampsia, pose significant risks to both mother and fetus. Aspirin is currently the only recommended pharmacological agent for prevention in high-risk groups, while metformin shows potential as an interesting option for prophylaxis, although further research is needed to clarify its effectiveness.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Janet M. Catov, Rebecca B. McNeil, Derek J. Marsh, Brian M. Mercer, C. Noel Bairey Merz, Corette B. Parker, Victoria L. Pemberton, George R. Saade, Yii-Der (Ida) Chen, Judith H. Chung, Deborah B. Ehrenthal, William A. Grobman, David M. Haas, Samuel Parry, LuAnn Polito, Uma M. Reddy, Robert M. Silver, Hyagriv N. Simhan, Ronald J. Wapner, Michelle Kominiarek, Rolf Kreutz, Lisa D. Levine, Philip Greenland
Summary: In primiparous women, APO/GDM is associated with atherosclerotic characteristics and increased risk of hypertension later. Higher glucose, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and triglycerides levels are linked to hypertension, while increased physical activity is protective. Nonobese individuals with higher lipid, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and insulin levels have increased risk of APO/GDM and hypertension.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Therese Friis, Anna-Karin Wikstrom, Jesenia Acurio, Jose Leon, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Maria Nelander, Helena Akerud, Helena Kaihola, Catherine Cluver, Felipe Troncoso, Pablo Torres-Vergara, Carlos Escudero, Lina Bergman
Summary: Cerebral complications in preeclampsia are a significant threat to maternal health and survival. Currently, there is a lack of reliable and accessible predictors for preeclampsia-related cerebral complications. This study found that plasma concentrations of the cerebral biomarkers NfL, tau, NSE, and S100B were all higher in women with preeclampsia compared to women with normal pregnancies and non-pregnant women. In addition, higher plasma concentrations of NfL were associated with decreased blood-brain barrier integrity in an in vitro model.
Review
Emergency Medicine
Jonas A. Strohm, Peter C. Strohm, Jan Kuehle, Hagen Schmal, Jorn Zwingmann
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the various management approaches for juvenile and aneurysmal bone cysts and evaluate their clinical outcomes. Surgical removal and Doxycycline injection showed excellent healing rates and low recurrence rates for aneurysmal bone cysts. Surgical interventions, especially with autologous cancellous bone graft, were superior to non-surgical approaches in managing juvenile bone cysts.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF TRAUMA AND EMERGENCY SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Melissa Amrein, Stephanie Meier, Ibrahim Schafer, Sabine Schaedelin, Eline Willemse, Pascal Benkert, Joan Walter, Christian Puelacher, Tobias Zimmermann, Daniela Median, Caroline Egli, David Leppert, Raphael Twerenbold, Michael Zellweger, Jens Kuhle, Christian Mueller
Summary: sNfL concentration is not a reliable diagnostic biomarker for fCAD, but it can predict adverse cardiovascular outcomes, including all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and stroke/TIA.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Marta Kubacka, Annaelle Zietz, Sabine Schaedelin, Alexandros A. Polymeris, Lisa Hert, Johanna Lieb, Benjamin Wagner, David Seiffge, Christopher Traenka, Valerian L. Altersberger, Tolga Dittrich, Joachim Fladt, Urs Fisch, Sebastian Thilemann, Gian Marco De Marchis, Henrik Gensicke, Leo H. Bonati, Philippe Lyrer, Stefan T. Engelter, Nils Peters
Summary: Global cortical atrophy (GCA) is associated with the clinical prognosis of stroke patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) receiving oral anticoagulation.
CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Raoul Sutter, Anja L. Junger, Sira M. Baumann, Pascale Grzonka, Pia De Stefano, Urs Fisch
Summary: According to international guidelines, anesthetics are recommended as third-line therapy for refractory status epilepticus. However, evidence for the efficacy and tolerability of this treatment is limited, and concerns about the risks of anesthesia remain. This review discusses the challenges of EEG-monitored third-line treatment and recent studies on earlier administration of anesthetics.
EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Christian Barro, Brian C. Healy, Shrishti Saxena, Bonnie Glanz, Anu Paul, Mariann Polgar-Turcsanyi, Charles R. G. Guttmann, Rohit Bakshi, Howard L. Weiner, Tanuja Chitnis
Summary: This study suggests that serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) levels are associated with cognitive decline in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and can predict cognitive impairment, especially in active patients. However, serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) is not associated with cognitive function.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Cornelis Smit, Aline G. J. Engbers, Samira Samiee-Zafarghandy, Tamara van Donge, Sinno H. P. Simons, Robert B. B. Flint, Marc Pfister, Catherijne A. J. Knibbe, John N. N. van den Anker
Summary: This study explores the mechanism behind the greater effectiveness of oral ibuprofen compared to intravenous ibuprofen in closing a patent ductus arteriosus. The results show that after oral dosing, the concentration of the biologically active S-enantiomer is lower for a significant portion of the dosing interval. The study also indicates that R- to S-conversion does not exceed 45%.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Charidimos Tsagkas, Antal Huck-Horvath, Alessandro Cagol, Tanja Haas, Michael Amann, Muhamed Barakovic, Esther Ruberte, Lester Melie-Garcia, Matthias Weigel, Simon Pezold, Regina Schlaeger, Jens Kuhle, Till Sprenger, Ludwig Kappos, Oliver Bieri, Philippe Cattin, Cristina Granziera, Katrin Parmar
Summary: This study investigated longitudinal changes of cervical spinal cord (cSC) gray and white matter areas in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. The results showed that patients with clinical progression had a faster reduction of cSC areas over time compared to stable patients. Additionally, compared to patients without clinical progression and healthy controls, only patients with clinical progression demonstrated a preferential reduction of cSC and white matter areas at the level of cSC enlargement.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Tasnim Hamza, Konstantina Chalkou, Fabio Pellegrini, Jens Kuhle, Pascal Benkert, Johannes Lorscheider, Chiara Zecca, Cynthia P. Iglesias-Urrutia, Andrea Manca, Toshi A. Furukawa, Andrea Cipriani, Georgia Salanti
Summary: In network meta-analysis (NMA), all relevant evidence about health outcomes with competing treatments is synthesized. The evidence can come from randomized clinical trials (RCT) or non-randomized studies (NRS) as individual participant data (IPD) or aggregate data (AD). A suite of Bayesian NMA and network meta-regression (NMR) models are introduced to allow for cross-design and cross-format synthesis. The models integrate a three-level hierarchical model for synthesizing IPD and AD into four approaches, accounting for differences in design and risk of bias (RoB) in the evidence.
RESEARCH SYNTHESIS METHODS
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Xavier Montalban, Paul M. Matthews, Alex Simpson, John L. Petrie, Cormac Sammon, Sreeram Ramagopalan, Giulio Disanto, Jens Kuhle
Summary: Across its clinical development program, ocrelizumab has demonstrated efficacy in improving clinical outcomes in multiple sclerosis. This study systematically collected real-world clinical effectiveness data for ocrelizumab, which consistently showed favorable results, similar to those reported in clinical trials. Initial real-world effectiveness data for ocrelizumab are promising and provide an efficacious treatment option for multiple sclerosis.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Marije E. Otto, Marie-Anne Burckhardt, Gabor Szinnai, Marc Pfister, Verena Gotta
Summary: The study found that the secretion response of arginine vasopressin and aldosterone in pediatric patients during DKA treatment is different, indicating their potential as future markers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring in diabetic patients.
CPT-PHARMACOMETRICS & SYSTEMS PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Arabella Buchmann, Lukas Pirpamer, Daniela Pinter, Margarete Voortman, Birgit Helmlinger, Alexander Pichler, Aleksandra Maleska Maceski, Pascal Benkert, Gerhard Bachmaier, Stefan Ropele, Markus Reindl, David Leppert, Jens Kuhle, Christian Enzinger, Michael Khalil
Summary: This study findings suggest that elevated levels of sNfL have a significant impact on brain volume changes and can indicate disease progression in pwMS over a short-term period.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Cyrus Daruwalla, Vahid Shaygannejad, Serkan Ozakbas, Eva Kubala Havrdova, Dana Horakova, Raed Alroughani, Cavit Boz, Francesco Patti, Marco Onofrj, Alessandra Lugaresi, Sara Eichau, Marc Girard, Alexandre Prat, Pierre Duquette, Bassem Yamout, Samia J. Khoury, Seyed Aidin Sajedi, Recai Turkoglu, Ayse Altintas, Olga Skibina, Katherine Buzzard, Pierre Grammond, Rana Karabudak, Anneke van der Walt, Helmut Butzkueven, Davide Maimone, Jeannette Lechner-Scott, Aysun Soysal, Nevin John, Julie Prevost, Daniele Spitaleri, Cristina Ramo-Tello, Oliver Gerlach, Gerardo Iuliano, Matteo Foschi, Radek Ampapa, Vincent van Pesch, Michael Barnett, Nevin Shalaby, Marie D'hooghe, Jens Kuhle, Maria Jose Sa, Marzena Fabis-Pedrini, Allan Kermode, Saloua Mrabet, Riadh Gouider, Suzanne Hodgkinson, Guy Laureys, Liesbeth Van Hijfte, Richard Macdonell, Celia Oreja-Guevara, Edgardo Cristiano, Pamela McCombe, Jose Luis Sanchez-Menoyo, Bhim Singhal, Yolanda Blanco, Stella Hughes, Justin Garber, Claudio Solaro, Chris McGuigan, Bruce Taylor, Koen de Gans, Mario Habek, Abdullah Al-Asmi, Simu Mihaela, Tamara Castillo Trivino, Talal Al-Harbi, Juan Ignacio Rojas, Orla Gray, Dheeraj Khurana, Bart Van Wijmeersch, Nikolaos Grigoriadis, Jihad Inshasi, Jiwon Oh, Eduardo Aguera-Morales, Yara Fragoso, Fraser Moore, Cameron Shaw, Seyed Mohammad Baghbanian, Neil Shuey, Barbara Willekens, Todd A. Hardy, Danny Decoo, Angel Perez Sempere, Deborah Field, Ray Wynford-Thomas, Nick G. Cunniffe, Izanne Roos, Charles B. Malpas, Alasdair J. Coles, Tomas Kalincik, J. William L. Brown, MSBase Study Grp
Summary: This study found that early non-disabling relapses in people with RRMS are associated with a higher risk of disability accumulation, which may be mitigated by high-efficacy DMTs. Therefore, treatment decisions should take into account the impact of non-disabling relapses.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Urs Fisch, Anja L. Junger, Sira M. Baumann, Saskia Semmlack, Gian Marco De Marchis, Sabina Hunziker, Stephan Ruegg, Stephan Marsch, Raoul Sutter
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the frequency of induced EEG burst suppression pattern during continuous IV anesthesia (IVAD) and its associated outcomes in adult patients treated for refractory status epilepticus (RSE). It was found that incomplete burst suppression occurred in 14% of patients without cerebral anoxia, while complete burst suppression occurred in 21% of patients. No association was found between burst suppression and outcomes in patients without cerebral anoxia, but in patients with cerebral anoxia, induced burst suppression was associated with persistent seizure termination and higher survival rate.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Klervi Golhen, Michael Buettcher, Jonas Kost, Joerg Huwyler, Marc Pfister
Summary: The majority of therapeutics currently available are not suitable for pediatric patients, thus there is a need to develop child-friendly dosage forms. This review discusses the challenges and opportunities in the development of such dosage forms, including taste masking, tablet size, dose flexibility, excipient safety, and acceptability. It also explores the example of orally dispersible tablets (ODTs) as a child-friendly drug delivery strategy, utilizing inorganic particulate drug carriers as multifunctional excipients to address unique medical needs in infants and children while maintaining a favorable excipient safety and acceptability profile in these vulnerable patient populations.
Letter
Clinical Neurology
Urs Fisch, Raoul Sutter
Summary: We appreciate Dr. Sethi's interest in our study. Based on current guidelines, cessation of electrographic seizures, a burst suppression, or an isoelectric curve are recommended as EEG treatment goals for patients with nonanoxic refractory status epilepticus (RSE), without a specific preference for any of these treatments.