Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lasse Kaalby, Ulrik Deding, Issam Al-Najami, Gabriele Berg-Beckhoff, Thomas Bjorsum-Meyer, Tinne Laurberg, Aasma Shaukat, Robert J. C. Steele, Anastasios Koulaouzidis, Morten Rasmussen, Morten Kobaek-Larsen, Gunnar Baatrup
Summary: New research suggests that faecal haemoglobin concentration (f-Hb) can indicate the presence of serious diseases not related to colorectal cancer (CRC). This study found an association between increasing f-Hb and the risk of mortality, as well as an increased risk of dying from respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, and other cancers. f-Hb may be a potential biomarker for non-CRC diseases.
Article
Oncology
Lasse Kaalby, Issam Al-Najami, Ulrik Deding, Gabriele Berg-Beckhoff, Robert J. C. Steele, Morten Kobaek-Larsen, Aasma Shaukat, Morten Rasmussen, Gunnar Baatrup
Summary: This study found that screening participants with detectable fecal hemoglobin had higher mortality rates and different causes of death compared to those without. Fecal hemoglobin may serve as a marker for diseases not directly related to colorectal cancer and may be targeted for preventive measures in the future.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Maserame Cleopatra Mokhaneli, Shani Botha-Le Roux, Carla Maria Theresia Fourie, Rainer Boeger, Edzard Schwedhelm, Catharina Martha Cornelia Mels
Summary: The study found that higher levels of L-homoarginine in a black South African population are associated with reduced risk of 10-year cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Further investigation into regulating L-homoarginine levels as a therapeutic target in managing cardiovascular disease is recommended.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Shuo Sun, Xiao-cong Liu, Guo-dong He, Kenneth Lo, Ying-qing Feng, Yu-qing Huang
Summary: The study revealed a nonlinear association between normal range SBP levels and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in older adults without hypertension.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Chaodi Luo, Zhenzhen Duan, Tingting Zheng, Qian Li, Danni Wang, Boxiang Wang, Pengjie Gao, Dan Han, Gang Tian
Summary: This study found a significant association between low base excess (BE) and short-term all-cause mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Stratifying the mortality risk of AMI patients based on base excess has important implications.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Shuaijie Chen, Ruming Shen, Jiayi Shen, Lingchun Lyu, Tiemin Wei
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association of blood cadmium with mortality in patients with hypertension. The results showed that higher blood cadmium concentrations were associated with increased risks of all-cause, cardiovascular, and Alzheimer's disease mortality in patients with hypertension. Additionally, the effect of blood cadmium on cardiovascular mortality may be more pronounced in never-smoking hypertensive patients.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Fulu Qiao, Teng Ma, Xia Wang, Feng Zhang, Long Wan
Summary: This study investigated the association between urinary 3,5,6-trichloropyridinol (TCPY) levels and all-cause and cancer mortality. The results showed that TCPY levels were associated with all-cause mortality but not independently associated with cancer mortality.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Evertine Wesselink, Anne-Wil Valk, Dieuwertje E. Kok, Anne-Sophie van Lanen, Johannes H. W. de Wilt, Ewout A. van Kouwenhoven, Ruud W. M. Schrauwen, Henk K. van Halteren, Renate M. Winkels, Michiel G. J. Balvers, Ellen Kampman, Franzel J. B. van Duijnhoven
Summary: A higher inflammatory potential of the diet is associated with a higher risk of recurrence and all-cause mortality in individuals diagnosed with stage I to III CRC. Intervention studies should investigate whether a switch to a more anti-inflammatory diet improves CRC prognosis.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Bu B. Yeap, Ross J. Marriott, Leen Antonio, Yi X. Chan, Suchitra Raj, Girish Dwivedi, Christopher M. Reid, Bradley D. Anawalt, Shalender Bhasin, Adrian S. Dobs, Graeme J. Hankey, Alvin M. Matsumoto, Paul E. Norman, Terence W. O'Neill, Claes Ohlsson, Eric S. Orwoll, Dirk Vanderschueren, Gary A. Wittert, Frederick C. W. Wu, Kevin Murray
Summary: The study showed that lower serum testosterone levels were independently associated with higher all-cause and cancer-related mortality in middle-aged to older men, while lower SHBG levels were independently associated with lower all-cause, CVD-related, and cancer-related mortality. Confirmation of these associations and causality would require mechanistic studies and prospective trials.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Marialaura Bonaccio, Augusto Di Castelnuovo, Simona Costanzo, Amalia De Curtis, Mariarosaria Persichillo, Francesco Sofi, Chiara Cerletti, Maria Bendetta Donati, Giovanni de Gaetano, Licia Iacoviello
Summary: Consumption of a high proportion of ultra-processed food (UPF) in the diet is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality, partly due to its high dietary content of sugar. Additionally, some established biomarkers of CVD risk are likely to be involved in linking UPF consumption to mortality.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Wei-Ru Chiou, Min- Su, Ying-Hsiang Lee, Po-Lin Lin, Cheng-Wei Liu
Summary: This retrospective study evaluated the effects of reduced-dose rivaroxaban on older patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. The results showed that reduced-dose rivaroxaban was associated with lower risks of all-cause mortality and hospitalization for heart failure in this population.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Shamima Akter, Tetsuya Mizoue, Akiko Nanri, Atsushi Goto, Mitsuhiko Noda, Norie Sawada, Taiki Yamaji, Motoki Iwasaki, Manami Inoue, Shoichiro Tsugane
Summary: The study found a U-shaped association between low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) score and total mortality among Asians, with high animal protein and fat in LCD associated with higher mortality risk. Conversely, a LCD high in plant-based sources of protein and fat was associated with a lower risk of total and cardiovascular mortality.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Franz H. Messerli, Louis Hofstetter, Lamprini Syrogiannouli, Emrush Rexhaj, George C. M. Siontis, Christian Seiler, Sripal Bangalore
Summary: The study shows a positive correlation between sodium intake and healthy life expectancy at birth and age 60, but not with death due to non-communicable diseases. Conversely, all-cause mortality is inversely correlated with sodium intake worldwide and in high-income countries, suggesting that sodium intake may not be a risk factor for premature death.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Stefano Ciardullo, Emanuele Muraca, Francesca Zerbini, Gianluca Perseghin
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis found an association between liver stiffness measurement (LSM) obtained through vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) and all-cause mortality in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The analysis showed that higher LSM, indicating liver fibrosis, is independently associated with a higher mortality risk in NAFLD patients.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Li-Da Wu, Peng Chu, Chao-Hua Kong, Yi Shi, Ming-Hui Zhu, Yi-Yuan Xia, Zheng Li, Jun-Xia Zhang, Shao-Liang Chen
Summary: This study aims to investigate the association of estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes. The results showed that there was a close association between the increment of ePWV and increased risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in patients with diabetes. Therefore, ePWV is of great significance in assessing the mortality risk in patients with diabetes.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Letter
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Bob Steele
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCREENING
(2022)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Craig Mowat, Jayne Digby, Shirley Cleary, Lynne Gray, Pooja Datt, David R. Goudie, Robert J. C. Steele, Judith A. Strachan, Adam Humphries, Callum G. Fraser
Summary: Quantitative FIT can serve as a good tumor marker in post-polypectomy surveillance, reducing the need for colonoscopy and minimizing potential risks for patients.
ANNALS OF CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Anna Forsberg, Marcus Westerberg, Chris Metcalfe, Robert Steele, Johannes Blom, Lars Engstrand, Kaisa Fritzell, Mikael Hellstrom, Lars-Ake Levin, Christian Lowbeer, Andreas Pischel, Ulf Stromberg, Sven Tornberg, Yvonne Wengstrom, Anders Ekbom, Lars Holmberg, Rolf Hultcrantz
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of once-only colonoscopy or two rounds of faecal immunochemical test screening on colorectal cancer mortality and incidence. The study found differences in the detection rates of colorectal cancer and advanced adenomas between the colonoscopy group and the faecal immunochemical test group, but both screening methods had a low number of adverse events.
LANCET GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medical Laboratory Technology
Gavin R. C. Clark, Robert J. C. Steele, Callum G. Fraser
Summary: Women are at a disadvantage in colorectal cancer screening due to lower faecal haemoglobin concentrations, leading to poorer outcomes. Risk scoring strategies that consider sex have not been extensively tested or introduced. Governments and agencies should prioritize allocating resources to implement simple strategies, such as using different haemoglobin thresholds, to achieve equal positivity in both sexes.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kevin J. Monahan, Michael M. Davies, Muti Abulafi, Ayan Banerjea, Brian D. Nicholson, Ramesh Arasaradnam, Neil Barker, Sally Benton, Richard Booth, David Burling, Rachel Victoria Carten, Nigel D'Souza, James Edward East, Jos Kleijnen, Michael Machesney, Maria Pettman, Jenny Pipe, Lance Saker, Linda Sharp, James Stephenson, Robert J. C. Steele
Summary: Faecal immunochemical testing (FIT) has high sensitivity for detecting colorectal cancer (CRC). This guideline aims to provide a clear strategy for using FIT in the diagnostic pathway of people with signs or symptoms of a suspected CRC diagnosis. The guideline was developed by a multidisciplinary group and includes evidence-based recommendations and research priorities.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Gavin R. C. Clark, Callum G. Fraser, Judith A. Strachan, Robert J. C. Steele
Summary: This study explores the variation of faecal haemoglobin concentrations (f-Hb) in different rounds of a colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programme and its relation to colonoscopy findings using data from the Scottish Bowel Screening Programme (SBoSP). The study finds that the profiles of f-Hb differ in individuals with a negative FIT result and those with neoplastic pathology. However, the difference between profiles in those with a negative colonoscopy is similar to that in those with an adenoma. Furthermore, the risk of CRC diagnosis in the second round after a negative colonoscopy is not significantly different from that after a negative test result.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCREENING
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Debbie Cavers, Mia Nelson, Jasmin Rostron, Kathryn A. Robb, Lynsey R. Brown, Christine Campbell, Ahsan R. Akram, Graeme Dickie, Melanie Mackean, Edwin J. R. van Beek, Frank Sullivan, Robert J. Steele, Aileen R. Neilson, David Weller
Summary: Targeted lung cancer screening is proven effective in reducing lung cancer and all-cause mortality. This study explored the views of residents in urban and rural Scotland on lung screening and identified potential barriers and facilitators to participation. The findings can inform the development of future studies on the feasibility and acceptability of lung screening.
HEALTH EXPECTATIONS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Marie Kotzur, Sara Macdonald, Ronan E. O'Carroll, Rory C. O'Connor, Audrey Irvine, Robert J. C. Steele, Kathryn A. Robb
Summary: This study identified barriers and solutions to colorectal screening using faecal immunochemical tests (FITs) through a questionnaire survey. Participants who had not completed a FIT reported more barriers, while those who had completed a FIT provided more solutions. However, participants agreed on the most common barriers and solutions regardless of their screening history.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lasse Kaalby, Ulrik Deding, Issam Al-Najami, Gabriele Berg-Beckhoff, Thomas Bjorsum-Meyer, Tinne Laurberg, Aasma Shaukat, Robert J. C. Steele, Anastasios Koulaouzidis, Morten Rasmussen, Morten Kobaek-Larsen, Gunnar Baatrup
Summary: New research suggests that faecal haemoglobin concentration (f-Hb) can indicate the presence of serious diseases not related to colorectal cancer (CRC). This study found an association between increasing f-Hb and the risk of mortality, as well as an increased risk of dying from respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, and other cancers. f-Hb may be a potential biomarker for non-CRC diseases.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Annie S. Anderson, Claire Donaghy, Ross Lamb, Robert J. C. Steele, Susan Moug
Summary: The BeWEL trial showed that a significant proportion of colorectal adenoma patients are interested in lifestyle interventions and achieved clinically relevant weight loss at 12-month follow-up. However, replicating the program in a non-research setting was found to be less feasible, and alternative approaches should be explored.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Ulrik Deding, Lasse Kaalby, Robert Steele, Issam Al-Najami, Morten Kobaek-Larsen, Eva Plantener, Jeppe B. Madsen, Jonna S. Madsen, Thomas Bjorsum-Meyer, Gunnar Baatrup
Summary: Population-based screening for colorectal cancer using FIT is recommended. Detectable faecal haemoglobin can indicate colorectal neoplasia as well as other conditions. A positive FIT predicts an increased risk of death from colorectal cancer but might also predict an increased risk of all-cause mortality.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Gavin R. C. Clark, Callum G. Fraser, Judith A. Strachan, Robert J. C. Steele
Summary: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening using faecal tests reduces disease-specific mortality. This study examined mortality rates and its association with sex before and after CRC screening in Scotland. The results showed that CRC mortality declined from 1990 to 2020, but the decline differed between sexes, indicating a larger beneficial effect of screening on CRC mortality in men compared to women.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jayne Digby, Callum G. Fraser, Gavin Clark, Craig Mowat, Judith A. Strachan, Robert J. C. Steele
Summary: This study aimed to develop a risk-scoring model for colorectal cancer using data from the Scottish Bowel Screening Programme. Only faecal haemoglobin concentration and age showed a significant association with colorectal cancer. By tailoring the threshold for faecal haemoglobin concentration according to age, the disparity in interval cancer proportion between women and men could be reduced.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCREENING
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Robert S. Bresalier, Carlo Senore, Graeme P. Young, James Allison, Robert Benamouzig, Sally Benton, Patrick M. M. Bossuyt, Luis Caro, Beatriz Carvalho, Han-Mo Chiu, Veerle M. H. Coupe, Willemijn de Klaver, Clasine Maria de Klerk, Evelien Dekker, Sunil Dolwani, Callum G. Fraser, William Grady, Lydia Guittet, Samir Gupta, Stephen P. Halloran, Ulrike Haug, Geir Hoff, Steven Itzkowitz, Tim Kortlever, Anastasios Koulaouzidis, Uri Ladabaum, Beatrice Lauby-Secretan, Marcis Leja, Bernard Levin, Theodore Robert Levin, Finlay Macrae, Gerrit A. Meijer, Joshua Melson, Colm O'Morain, Susan Parry, Linda Rabeneck, David F. Ransohoff, Roque Saenz, Hiroshi Saito, Silvia Sanduleanu-Dascalescu, Robert E. Schoen, Kevin Selby, Harminder Singh, Robert J. C. Steele, Joseph J. Y. Sung, Erin Leigh Symonds, Sidney J. Winawer
Summary: New non-invasive tests for colorectal cancer (CRC) are emerging, making it challenging to conduct trials with mortality reduction as the main goal. A formal consensus approach involving experts resulted in the revision of previously established principles and the emergence of twelve new principles. The effectiveness of a new test can be evaluated by comparing it with an established non-invasive test, with the faecal immunochemical test considered as the appropriate comparator. Flexible adjustment of the new test's positivity threshold is desirable to meet different screening goals and requirements. A four-phased approach is proposed for the evaluation of new tests, including small studies, prospective estimation of accuracy, evaluation in screening populations, and monitoring for missed lesions.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Gavin R. C. Clark, Thomas Godfrey, Calum Purdie, Judith Strachan, Francis A. Carey, Callum G. Fraser, Robert J. C. Steele
Summary: This study compared the interval cancer proportions between the FIT-based Scottish Bowel Screening Programme and the former gFOBT-based program, and investigated the associations between interval cancer and factors such as faecal haemoglobin concentration, sex, age, deprivation, site, and stage. The results showed that FIT had a higher proportion of screen detected cancers compared to interval cancers, and women had a higher proportion of interval cancers than men. Lowering the faecal haemoglobin threshold could reduce the number of interval cancers, but additional colonoscopy would be required.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCREENING
(2023)