Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anas Alfarsi, Celine Caillet, Garry Fawbert, Simon Lawrence, Jacob Kruese, Sean McSweeney, Marcus O'Mahony, Arjen Dondorp, Paul N. Newton, Dara Fitzpatrick
Summary: The trade in falsified medicine is growing rapidly, with potentially harmful consequences for patients. Therefore, effective measures are needed to identify and detect falsified products.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Mariette E. van der Watt, Janette Reader, Lyn-Marie Birkholtz
Summary: This article discusses the complex life cycle of Plasmodium parasites in humans and Anopheles vectors, emphasizing the unique role of gametocytes in the transmission process and the importance of transmission-blocking antimalarials.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gabriela Samayoa-Reyes, Siobhan M. Flaherty, Kristina S. Wickham, Sara Viera-Morilla, Pamela M. Strauch, Alison Roth, Laura Padron, Conner M. Jackson, Patricia Meireles, David Calvo, Wanlapa Roobsoong, Niwat Kangwanrangsan, Jetsumon Sattabongkot, Gregory Reichard, Maria Jose Lafuente-Monasterio, Rosemary Rochford
Summary: This article introduces a new experimental model - the ectopic huLiver model - which can study the liver stage of human Plasmodium infection and also be used for testing antimalarial drugs. Through subcutaneous injection of the HC-04 cell line, ectopic huLiver tumors are generated and shown to be infectible by both freshly dissected sporozoites and infected mosquitoes. Moreover, this model has been successfully used for evaluating the efficacy of antimalarial drugs.
Article
Immunology
Basil T. Thommen, Armin Passecker, Tamara Buser, Eva Hitz, Till S. Voss, Nicolas M. B. Brancucci
Summary: This study found that certain drugs can increase the sexual commitment rates of malaria parasites in vitro. However, this effect is only observed at concentrations that inhibit parasite survival and does not often result in a net increase in gametocyte production. The study also suggests that the gametocytogenesis-promoting effect of drugs is related to general stress responses rather than specific compound activities.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sophie Moss, Emilia Manko, Hristina Vasileva, Eunice Teixeira Da Silva, Adriana Goncalves, Ashley Osborne, Jody Phelan, Amabelia Rodrigues, Paulo Djata, Umberto D'Alessandro, David Mabey, Sanjeev Krishna, Anna Last, Taane G. G. Clark, Susana Campino
Summary: Following integrated malaria control interventions, malaria burden on the Bijagos Archipelago has significantly decreased. Understanding the genomic diversity of circulating Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites can assist infection control, through identifying drug resistance mutations and characterising the complexity of population structure. This study presents the first whole genome sequence data for P. falciparum isolates from the Bijagos Archipelago.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Parasitology
Alexis Kaushansky, Nana Minkah
Summary: Chora and colleagues have demonstrated that liver infection in severe malaria cases modulates the severity of the experimental cerebral malaria (ECM) model by generating gamma delta (y delta) T cells that produce IL-17. This research challenges the long-standing assumption that liver infection does not influence the severity of malaria.
TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Celine Caillet, Serena Vickers, Vayouly Vidhamaly, Kem Boutsamay, Phonepasith Boupha, Stephen Zambrzycki, Nantasit Luangasanatip, Yoel Lubell, Facundo M. Fernandez, Paul N. Newton
Summary: This article discusses a Collection on the use of portable devices for evaluating medicine quality and legitimacy, written by Celine Caillet and co-authors.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Zeca M. Salimo, Andre L. Barros, Asenate A. X. Adriao, Aline M. Rodrigues, Marco A. Sartim, Isadora S. de Oliveira, Manuela B. Pucca, Djane C. Baia-da-Silva, Wuelton M. Monteiro, Gisely C. de Melo, Hector H. F. Koolen
Summary: Malaria is a global public health problem caused by Plasmodium spp. and transmitted by female mosquitoes. Drug therapies and vector control are commonly used methods, but drug resistance is a challenge. Animal venoms have potential as a source for new antimalarial molecules. This review summarizes antimalarial toxins from animal venoms.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jeremiah Laktabai, Alyssa C. Platt, Elizabeth Turner, Indrani Saran, Joseph Kipkoech, Diana Menya, Wendy Prudhomme O'Meara
Summary: Diagnostic testing for malaria reduces dual consumption of ACTs and antibiotics, especially among those testing outside the formal healthcare sector.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Geraldo Jose da Silva Neto, Leandro Rocha Silva, Rafael Jorge Melo de Omena, Anna Caroline Campos Aguiar, Yasmin Annunciato, Barbara Santos Rossetto, Marcos Leoni Gazarini, Luana Heimfarth, Lucindo Jose Quintans-Junior, Edeildo Ferreira da Silva-Junior, Mario Roberto Meneghetti
Summary: Although current drugs are available for malaria treatment, the development of resistant strains of the parasite calls for the need of new drugs. This study synthesized four dual pharmaceutical compounds with potential antimalarial and anti-inflammatory activities, with DEQ showing the highest activity and IBUCEQ and TOQ being the most promising candidates.
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Sachiko Ozawa, Hui-Han Chen, Yi-Fang (Ashley) Lee, Colleen R. Higgins, Tatenda T. Yemeke
Summary: This study found that approximately 12.4% of essential medicines in low-and middle-income countries are considered substandard or falsified. Among 99 studies reporting API content, 1.8% of samples contained less than 50% of the stated API.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Kaira C. P. Tomaz, Tatyana A. Tavella, Joyce V. B. Borba, Luis C. Salazar-Alvarez, Joao E. Levandoski, Melina Mottin, Bruna K. P. Sousa, Jose T. Moreira-Filho, Vitor M. Almeida, Leandro C. Clementino, Catarina Bourgard, Katlin B. Massirer, Rafael M. Counago, Carolina H. Andrade, Per Sunnerhagen, Elizabeth Bilsland, Gustavo C. Cassiano, Fabio T. M. Costa
Summary: Drug resistance is a major challenge in malaria control, and this study discovered a new potential antimalarial compound through computational chemistry methods. The compound showed strong activity against asexual blood-stage parasites. Furthermore, the study found that the compound inhibited specific protein kinases in yeast through chemical-genetic interaction analysis. These findings suggest that the compound has the potential to be a drug target for multi-stage antimalarials.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Elizabeth A. Lopes, Raquel Mestre, Diana Fontinha, Jenny Legac, Jinxin Pei, Margarida Sanches-Vaz, Mattia Mori, Adele M. Lehane, Philip J. Rosenthal, Miguel Prudencio, Maria M. M. Santos
Summary: Malaria remains a prevalent infectious disease in developing countries. The emergence of resistance to current treatments necessitates the discovery of new effective drugs. A study reports the identification of a new scaffold with dual-stage antiplasmodial activity, highlighting the potential of new compounds as antimalarial agents.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Mariah Hassert, Sahaana Arumugam, John T. T. Harty
Summary: Nearly half of the world's population is at risk of malaria, causing millions of infections and deaths annually. The emergence of drug-resistant parasites highlights the need for more effective vaccines. Studies on whole sporozoite vaccination have identified CD8+ T cells as critical for liver-stage immunity, but more research is needed to design effective vaccines.
IMMUNOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Prisca Lagardere, Romain Mustiere, Nadia Amanzougaghene, Sebastien Hutter, Jean-Francois Franetich, Nadine Azas, Patrice Vanelle, Pierre Verhaeghe, Nicolas Primas, Dominique Mazier, Nicolas Masurier, Vincent Lisowski
Summary: Malaria remains a major global health problem, and the development of drug resistance poses a challenge. A series of 4-substituted thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidines were found to exhibit activity against different stages of the malaria parasite, with the chloro analogue of Gamhepathiopine showing promising activity against both the erythrocytic and hepatic stages.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Diana Moita, Helena Nunes-Cabaco, Antonio M. Mendes, Miguel Prudencio
Summary: Efforts have been made to develop efficient vaccines against malaria, with Whole-sporozoite (Wsp) vaccines showing promise in inducing immune responses against Plasmodium parasites. Various approaches for Wsp PE vaccination are currently under evaluation, with clinical trials focusing on assessing protective efficacy and investigating immune responses.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Ana Teresa Silva, Isabel S. Oliveira, Joana Gomes, Luisa Aguiar, Diana Fontinha, Denise Duarte, Fatima Nogueira, Miguel Prudencio, Eduardo F. Marques, Catia Teixeira, Ricardo Ferraz, Paula Gomes
Summary: By combining room-temperature ionic liquids derived from primaquine and cinnamic acids with natural fatty acids, novel surface-active ionic liquids with enhanced antimalarial activity have been developed, offering new perspectives for the cost-effective recycling of classical drugs.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lovepreet Singh, Diana Fontinha, Denise Francisco, Miguel Prudencio, Kamaljit Singh
Summary: With its strong impact on vector-borne diseases and malaria, ivermectin has been proven to be a promising antimalarial therapeutic. By modifying the structure of ivermectin and combining it with existing antimalarial agents, novel molecular hybrids with enhanced activity against Plasmodium parasites have been developed. These compounds displayed structure-dependent antiplasmodial activity, outperforming ivermectin itself, suggesting the superiority of this hybridization strategy in designing new antimalarial agents.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Silvia Portugal, Ana Rodriguez, Miguel Prudencio
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ivaylo M. Slavchev, Yavor Mitrev, Boris Shivachev, Violeta Valcheva, Marine Dogonadze, Natalia Solovieva, Anna Vyazovaya, Igor Mokrousov, Wolfgang Link, Lucia Jimenez, Bastien Cautain, Thomas A. Mackenzie, Isabel Portugal, Francisca Lopes, Rita Capela, Joao Perdigao, Georgi M. Dobrikov
Summary: This study describes the synthesis of arylidenecamphors and pyrimidines with camphane skeleton, some of which exhibit excellent antimicrobial activity against various strains of pathogenic bacteria and fungi. These newly designed compounds also demonstrate in vitro cytotoxicity.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jacinta O. Pinho, Mariana Matias, Vanda Marques, Carla Eleuterio, Celia Fernandes, Lurdes Gano, Joana D. Amaral, Eduarda Mendes, Maria Jesus Perry, Jao Nuno Moreira, Gert Storm, Ana Paula Francisco, Cecilia M. P. Rodrigues, M. Manuela Gaspar
Summary: Researchers synthesized a new hybrid molecule that showed remarkable antiproliferative activity against melanoma by specifically activating tyrosinase. They also demonstrated that incorporating the molecule into long blood circulating liposomes allowed for passive targeting of tumor sites, leading to high therapeutic efficacy.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Chemistry, Medicinal
Chiara Borsari, Brieuc Matagne, Kristina Goncharenko, Rui Moreira, Yves P. Auberson
Summary: Diversity in science refers to cultivating talent, promoting full inclusion, and enhancing creativity. The European Federation for Medicinal chemistry and Chemical biology (EFMC) actively promotes diversity and equality of opportunity. EFMC pays attention to cultural, geographical, and gender diversity, in order to create a welcoming and stimulating environment for its members.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Susana Rocha, Rita Felix, Maria Joao Valente, Andreia Bento-Silva, Rute Rebelo, Celia Gomes Amorim, Alberto da Nova Araujo, Rui Moreira, Alice Santos-Silva, Maria Conceicao B. S. M. Montenegro
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the bioactivity and biocompatibility of polysulfone (PSU) hemodialysis (HD) membranes doped with human neutrophil elastase inhibitors (HNEIs). The results showed that all biomaterials were bioactive and hemocompatible. Compared to Sivelestat, both D4L-1 and D4L-2 exhibited stronger inhibitory abilities.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marta Clariano, Vanda Marques, Joao Vaz, Salma Awam, Marta B. Afonso, Maria Jesus Perry, Cecilia M. P. Rodrigues
Summary: The stability, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetic profiles of monocarbonyl analogs of curcumin were evaluated in this study. The curcumin analog 1e showed promising potential as an agent against colorectal cancer, with improved stability and efficacy/safety profile.
CHEMISTRY & BIODIVERSITY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rita Capela, Rita Felix, Marta Clariano, Diogo Nunes, Maria de Jesus Perry, Francisca Lopes
Summary: Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the cause of tuberculosis, and drug discovery for TB is challenging due to resistance and incomplete knowledge. The limited permeability of the cell wall and presence of efflux pumps hinder drug accumulation. Lack of suitable models is a limiting factor. Only a small percentage of bacterial proteins are targeted in current therapeutic regimens.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jacinta O. Pinho, Mariana Matias, Ana Godinho-Santos, Joana D. Amaral, Eduarda Mendes, Maria Jesus Perry, Ana Paula Francisco, Cecilia M. P. Rodrigues, M. Manuela Gaspar
Summary: A newly synthesized hybrid molecule has been incorporated in liposomes for the treatment of melanoma. This molecule has shown promising therapeutic effects in cell culture and significant anti-tumor activity in a murine melanoma model.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Debora Inacio Leite, Stefany de Castro Bazan Moura, Maria da Conceicao Avelino Dias, Carolina Catta Preta Costa, Gustavo Peixoto Machado, Luiz Claudio Ferreira Pimentel, Frederico Silva Castelo Branco, Rui Moreira, Monica Macedo Bastos, Nubia Boechat
Summary: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). An increase in viral load leads to a decline in T lymphocytes, compromising the immune system. Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common opportunistic disease in HIV-positive patients. Treatment for HIV-TB coinfection is challenging due to drug interactions, toxicity, non-adherence, and resistance. Recent approaches involve using molecules that target multiple distinct sites to improve therapy. This review discusses the importance of multitarget strategies and the development of structural entities for simultaneous treatment of HIV-TB.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Joana F. Santos, Raquel Azevedo, Miguel Prudencio, Fernanda Marques, Yann Le Gal, Dominique Lorcy, Celia Fernandes
Summary: Block copolymer micelles (BCMs) were evaluated as drug delivery systems for gold(III) bis(dithiolene) complexes (AuS and AuSe) to treat malaria. The complexes showed strong antiplasmodial activity and low toxicity when encapsulated in BCMs. Encapsulated complexes exhibited controlled release and improved biocompatibility compared to the non-encapsulated counterparts. This study suggests that BCMs can be a promising alternative for conventional antimalarial treatments.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Maria Joao Oliveira, Soraia Caetano, Ana Dalot, Filipe Sabino, Tomas R. Calmeiro, Elvira Fortunato, Rodrigo Martins, Eulalia Pereira, Miguel Prudencio, Hugh J. Byrne, Ricardo Franco, Hugo Aguas
Summary: Early and accurate detection of pathogenic microorganisms is crucial for diagnosis and patient outcomes. The combination of a polystyrene-based microfluidic device and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy shows excellent sensitivity and specificity in detecting malaria. The system can be easily adapted for other pathogens and has the potential for early diagnosis of infectious diseases.
Article
Immunology
Diana Moita, Catarina Rola, Helena Nunes-Cabaco, Goncalo Nogueira, Teresa G. Maia, Ahmad Syibli Othman, Blandine Franke-Fayard, Chris J. Janse, Antonio M. Mendes, Miguel Prudencio
Summary: Immunization with Plasmodium sporozoites, especially whole-sporozoite (WSpz) formulations, can provide strong protection against malaria. However, a comparative analysis of different WSpz formulations showed that early liver arresting genetically attenuated parasites (EA-GAP) formulation failed to confer complete protection at any immunization dosage, suggesting a minimum threshold of liver development is required for effective immune responses. On the other hand, radiation-attenuated sporozoites (RAS), late arresting GAP (LA-GAP), and sporozoites administered under chemoprophylaxis (CPS) formulations yielded comparable and dosage-dependent protection. Immunological analyses suggested that EA-GAP immunization may negatively impact memory cell functionality and protective immunity.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Shuang Mei, Su Jiang, Yuting Wang, Han Jing, Peng Yang, Miao-Miao Niu, Jindong Li, Kai Yuan, Yan Zhang
Summary: This study identifies a dual-targeting peptide, AP-1, that effectively inhibits variants of concern (VOCs) of SARS-CoV-2 without impairing host cell viability. The findings suggest that AP-1 could be a promising broad-spectrum agent for treating emerging VOCs of SARS-CoV-2.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Hyeonjun Lee, Ju Yeon Lee, Hyunsoo Jang, Hye Young Cho, Minhee Kang, Sang Hyun Bae, Suin Kim, Eunji Kim, Jaebong Jang, Jin Young Kim, Young Ho Jeon
Summary: By using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, we identified new chemical moieties that bind to the target sites of the protein of interest, allowing for reversible binding and protein degradation. This method has the potential to expand the application of PROTAC technology.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Yingying Li, Xiyou Du, Xinru Kong, Yuelin Fang, Zhijing He, Dongzhu Liu, Hang Wu, Jianbo Ji, Xiaoye Yang, Lei Ye, Guangxi Zhai
Summary: This study proposes a novel nanoplatform based on the autophagy cascade to overcome the obstacles in chemo-immunotherapy. The platform combines chemotherapy and starvation therapy to initiate pro-death autophagy and enhance antigen presentation, while also remodeling the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, the study discovers a new therapeutic direction for the respiration inhibitor 3-bromopyruvic acid (3BP) in cancer treatment. Overall, this study offers an opportunity to improve antitumor efficacy and boost immune responses.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Bingsi Wang, Mingxu Ma, Yusen Dai, Pengfei Yu, Liang Ye, Wenyan Wang, Chunjie Sha, Huijie Yang, Yingjie Yang, Yunjing Zhu, Lin Dong, Shujuan Wei, Linlin Wang, Jingwei Tian, Hongbo Wang
Summary: Breast cancer is a common malignant tumor in women, and drug resistance remains a clinical challenge. In this study, a novel compound, G-5b, was developed with potent antagonistic and degradation activities comparable to the current drug fulvestrant. G-5b also showed improved stability and solubility. Mechanistically, G-5b engages the proteasome pathway to degrade ER, inhibiting the ER signaling pathway and inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. In animal models, G-5b exhibited superior pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties. Overall, G-5b is a promising long-acting SERD worthy of further investigation and optimization.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Karoline B. Waitman, Larissa C. de Almeida, Marina C. Primi, Jorge A. E. G. Carlos, Claudia Ruiz, Thales Kronenberger, Stefan Laufer, Marcia Ines Goettert, Antti Poso, Sandra V. Vassiliades, Vinicius A. M. de Souza, Monica F. Z. J. Toledo, Neuza M. A. Hassimotto, Michael D. Cameron, Thomas D. Bannister, Leticia Costa-Lotufo, Joa o A. Machado-Neto, Mauricio T. Tavares, Roberto Parise-Filho
Summary: A series of hybrid inhibitors combining pharmacophores of known kinase inhibitors and benzohydroxamate HDAC inhibitors were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity and pharmacokinetic properties. Compounds 4d-f exhibited promising cytotoxicity against hematological cells and moderate activity against solid tumor models. Compound 4d showed potent inhibition of multiple kinase targets and had stable interactions with HDAC and members of the JAK family. These compounds showed selective cytotoxicity with minimal effects on non-tumorigenic cells and favorable pharmacokinetic profiles.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Michal Sulik, Diana Fontinha, Dietmar Steverding, Szymon Sobczak, Michal Antoszczak, Miguel Prudencio, Adam Huczynski
Summary: This study describes the synthesis of the first-in-class ivermectin derivatives obtained through derivatization of the C13 position, along with the unexpected rearrangement of the macrolide ring. These derivatives show potential for antiparasitic activity and are important for the development of new antiparasitic agents.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Jun Liu, Qiu-Xian Chen, Wen-Fu Wu, Dong Wang, Si -Yu Zhao, Jia-Hao Li, Yi-Qun Chang, Shao-Gao Zeng, Jia-Yi Hu, Yu-Jie Li, Jia-Xin Du, Shu-Meng Jiao, Hai-Chuan Xiao, Qiang Zhang, Jun Xu, Jian-Fu Zhao, Hai -Bo Zhou, Yong-Heng Wang, Jian Zou, Ping-Hua Sun
Summary: A new anti-infective drug strategy has been discovered to attenuate virulence and modulate inflammation caused by drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Compound 5f inhibits biofilm formation, macrophage migration, and inflammatory response induced by P. aeruginosa, showing potential as a novel candidate against drug-resistant infections.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Liuzeng Chen, Ke Wang, Lingyun Wang, Wei Wang, Lifan Wang, Jia Li, Xiaohan Liu, Mengya Wang, Banfeng Ruan
Summary: In this study, a series of novel anti-inflammatory compounds were designed and synthesized based on the natural product pterostilbene skeleton. Among them, compound 8 showed the highest activity and exhibited its effects through inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines by blocking the NF-KB/MAPK signaling pathway. Compound 8 also demonstrated a good relieving effect on acute colitis in mice and showed good safety in acute toxicity experiments.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Si-Min Liang, Gui-Bin Liang, Hui-Ling Wang, Hong Jiang, Xian-Li Ma, Jian-Hua Wei, Ri-Zhen Huang, Ye Zhang
Summary: A series of novel multi-target antitumor agents were designed, synthesized, and evaluated. Some compounds exhibited significant antitumor activity and one compound showed excellent efficacy, limited toxicity, and low resistance. Further mechanism studies revealed that the compound exerted antitumor effects through multiple pathways.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2024)