Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jennifer McVean, Gregory P. Forlenza, Roy W. Beck, Colleen Bauza, Ryan Bailey, Bruce Buckingham, Linda A. DiMeglio, Jennifer L. Sherr, Mark Clements, Anna Neyman, Carmella Evans-Molina, Emily K. Sims, Laurel H. Messer, Laya Ekhlaspour, Ryan McDonough, Michelle Van Name, Diana Rojas, Shannon Beasley, Stephanie DuBose, Craig Kollman, Antoinette Moran, CLVer Study Grp
Summary: The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of intensive diabetes management to achieve near normalization of glucose levels on preservation of pancreatic beta cell function in youth with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes. The results showed that although the intensive management group achieved excellent glucose control, it did not affect the decline in pancreatic C-peptide secretion at 52 weeks.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Eleanor L. Ramos, Colin M. Dayan, Lucienne Chatenoud, Zdenek Sumnik, Kimber M. Simmons, Agnieszka Szypowska, Stephen E. Gitelman, Laura A. Knecht, Elisabeth Niemoeller, Wei Tian, Kevan C. Herold, PROTECT Study Investigators
Summary: Two 12-day courses of teplizumab in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes showed benefit with respect to the preservation of beta-cell function, but no significant differences between the groups were observed with respect to the secondary endpoints.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jeffrey A. Bluestone, Jane H. Buckner, Kevan C. Herold
Summary: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease where T cells attack and destroy insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. While insulin therapy helps with symptoms, it does not cure the underlying disease or fully prevent complications. Current research is focused on developing immunological therapies to prevent and modify T1D.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alice L. J. Carr, Carmella Evans-Molina, Richard A. Oram
Summary: The personalised approach to diabetes care has evolved over time, incorporating personalised diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and prediction. Advances in understanding diabetes pathogenesis and human biology have improved diabetes care and hold promise for future precision medicine.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Linda Wu, Venessa Tsang, Alexander M. Menzies, Sarah C. Sasson, Matteo S. Carlino, David A. Brown, Roderick Clifton-Bligh, Jenny E. Gunton
Summary: Checkpoint inhibitor-associated autoimmune diabetes mellitus (CIADM) is a rare complication of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. This systematic review identified that CIADM commonly presents in diabetic ketoacidosis, and positivity of T1D autoantibodies is associated with earlier diagnosis.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Annieke C. G. van Baar, Suzanne Meiring, Paul Smeele, Tessa Vriend, Frits Holleman, Marjon Barlag, Nahid Mostafavi, Jan G. P. Tijssen, Maarten R. Soeters, Max Nieuwdorp, Jacques J. G. H. M. Bergman
Summary: The combination of DMR and GLP-1RA, supported by lifestyle counseling, showed promising results in eliminating the need for insulin therapy in most T2D patients through 18 months postprocedure, while significantly improving glucose regulation and metabolic health for all patients. A randomized controlled trial is currently being initiated based on these findings.
GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marina Ivanisevic, Darko Marcinko, Sandra Vuckovic-Rebrina, Josip Delmis
Summary: This study focused on cognitive function in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes and found that factors such as BMI, subclinical hypothyroidism, and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy were associated with increased risk of cognitive impairment, while preserved C-peptide reduced the risk.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mei Shi, Xiaolin Ji, Yuting Xie, Ting Zhong, Rong Tang, Li Fan, Xia Li
Summary: A new definition of partial remission (PR) for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) is proposed using insulin dose and glycated albumin (GA), and the optimal cut-off values for stimulated C-peptide to diagnose PR in different age-groups are determined. It is not recommended to use stimulated C-peptide alone to diagnose PR for patients with insulin resistance.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Josephine Yu, Preeti Sharma, Christian M. Girgis, Jenny E. Gunton
Summary: The prevalence of type 1 diabetes is rising steadily and vitamin D may contribute to this increase. This systematic review examined studies on vitamin D and type 1 diabetes, finding strong associations between low vitamin D levels and type 1 diabetes. Animal studies and human trials also suggest that vitamin D treatment or supplementation can be beneficial in reducing the risk of type 1 diabetes. Maintaining optimal circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels may help to prevent or delay the development of type 1 diabetes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nicholas J. Thomas, Anita V. Hill, Colin M. Dayan, Richard A. Oram, Timothy J. McDonald, Beverley M. Shields, Angus G. Jones, StartRight Study Grp
Summary: The study aimed to determine whether presentation, progression, and genetic susceptibility of adult-onset type 1 diabetes (T1D) are affected by diagnosis age. The results showed that age of diagnosis was not associated with C-peptide loss, baseline C-peptide, and T1D genetic susceptibility. Despite similar presentation, older adults were less likely to be diagnosed with T1D, treated with insulin, or admitted to hospital.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alessandra Kobayati, Ahmad Haidar, Michael A. Tsoukas
Summary: Exogenous insulin remains the main treatment for type 1 diabetes (T1D), but adjunctive pharmacotherapies, such as GLP-1RAs, show potential in improving glycemic control and offering additional benefits for T1D patients. However, conflicting trial findings and underestimation of GLP-1 agonism's potential in T1D treatment have been observed. This narrative review aims to summarize the current evidence-based literature and explore uncharted opportunities with GLP-1 agonism in T1D populations.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Julio Rosenstock, Lawrence Blonde, Vanita R. Aroda, Juan Frias, Elisabeth Souhami, Chen Ji, Elisabeth Niemoeller, Stefano Del Prato
Summary: Switching to iGlarLixi resulted in significantly greater reductions in HbA1c and proportions of participants reaching HbA1c <7 % compared with continued GLP-1 RA treatment in the LixiLan-G trial. This improvement in glycemic control was seen across different subgroups with varying previous GLP-1 RA regimens.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Fernando Gomez-Peralta, Ebaa Al-Ozairi, Edward B. Jude, Xiaoying Li, Julio Rosenstock
Summary: Despite numerous therapeutic options, many type 2 diabetes patients fail to achieve their HbA1c targets. This review examines the limitations of premix insulin injections and explores the potential benefits of fixed-ratio combinations (FRCs) of basal insulin and GLP-1 RAs as an alternative treatment option for intensification therapy. Results suggest that FRCs may offer improved HbA1c reductions, lower risk of hypoglycemia, and less weight gain compared to premix insulin in a simplified treatment regimen.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Maria J. Redondo, Brandon M. Nathan, Laura M. Jacobsen, Emily Sims, Laura E. Bocchino, Alberto Pugliese, Desmond A. Schatz, Mark A. Atkinson, Jay Skyler, Jerry Palmer, Susan Geyer, Jay M. Sosenko
Summary: The study compared characteristics of individuals identified in the peri-diagnostic range by different glucose and C-peptide tests. Participants with high 2-hour glucose levels had older age, higher C-peptide responses, higher percentage of overweight/obesity, and lower multiple autoantibody positivity compared to those with high Index60 levels or both. Progression to diabetes was observed in participants with high glucose levels and/or high Index60 levels.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ernesto Maddaloni, Geremia B. Bolli, Brian M. Frier, Randie R. Little, Richard D. Leslie, Paolo Pozzilli, Raffaela Buzzetti
Summary: C-peptide measurement is valuable in autoimmune diabetes but limited in type 2 diabetes due to confounding factors like insulin resistance. Standardization issues exist that may affect comparability between different laboratories.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)