Article
Food Science & Technology
Simon John More, Vasileios Bampidis, Diane Benford, Claude Bragard, Thorhallur Ingi Halldorsson, Antonio F. Hernandez-Jerez, Susanne Hougaard Bennekou, Kostas Koutsoumanis, Claude Lambre, Kyriaki Machera, Wim Mennes, Ewen Mullins, Soren Saxmose Nielsen, Dieter Schrenk, Dominique Turck, Maged Younes, Marc Aerts, Lutz Edler, Salomon Sand, Matthew Wright, Marco Binaglia, Bernard Bottex, Jose Cortinas Abrahantes, Josef Schlatter
Summary: The Scientific Committee reaffirms the superiority of the benchmark dose approach over the no-observed-adverse-effect-level approach and recommends a shift towards the Bayesian paradigm. Model averaging is favored for BMD analysis and the lower and upper bounds of BMD are important in reflecting uncertainty. The guidance suggests reconsidering test guidelines due to the widespread use of the BMD approach.
Article
Medicine, Legal
Yukuto Yasuhiko, Miwa Ishigami, Satoshi Machino, Tatsuya Fujii, Masanori Aoki, Fumi Irie, Yasunari Kanda, Midori Yoshida
Summary: The benchmark dose (BMD) approach has been updated to create an internationally harmonized process. The study used data from pesticide risk assessment reports to validate the appropriateness and necessity of the BMD guidance. Results showed that the BMD approach provides similar results to the NOAEL approach when a clear dose-response relationship exists in the data. However, some calculations failed or provided lower BMDLs than NOAELs, particularly in software with a frequentist approach.
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Roberta Tassinari, Sabrina Tait, Luca Busani, Andrea Martinelli, Laura Narciso, Mauro Valeri, Amalia Gastaldelli, Annalisa Deodati, Cinzia La Rocca, Francesca Maranghi
Summary: DEHP, an endocrine disrupter, was studied for its juvenile toxicity, revealing liver and metabolic system as main targets in both sexes, with thyroid issues in female rats and reproductive system effects in males. The study concluded that DEHP exposure during peri-pubertal period can induce sex-specific imbalances, utilizing a juvenile animal model for reliable risk assessment targeted towards children.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chu-Chih Chen, Yin-Han Wang, Chia-Fang Wu, Chia -Jung Hsieh, Shu-Li Wang, Mei -Lien Chen, Hui-Ju Tsai, Sih-Syuan Li, Chia-Chu Liu, Yi-Chun Tsai, Tusty-Jiuan Hsieh, Ming-Tsang Wu
Summary: This study assessed the relationships between exposure to melamine and DEHP and their combined exposure on early renal injury in pregnant women. The results showed that the current recommended tolerable daily intake levels for these chemicals were much lower than the levels of exposure in pregnant women, especially when considering coexposure to both chemicals.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Soisungwan Satarug, David A. Vesey, Glenda C. Gobe, Aleksandra Buha Dordevic
Summary: Cadmium is a toxic metal pollutant that accumulates in the kidneys, causing cell injury and a reduction in kidney function. This study evaluated the tolerable intake of cadmium and its toxicity threshold, and found that current health-guiding values do not provide sufficient protection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Katarina Baralic, Dragana Javorac, Durdica Maric, Danijela Dukic-Cosic, Zorica Bulat, Evica Antonijevic Miljakovic, Milena Andelkovic, Biljana Antonijevic, Michael Aschner, Aleksandra Buha Djordjevic
Summary: The main objective of this research was to investigate the dose-response relationship between metal/metalloid blood concentration and serum hormone levels. The study included male participants from different cohorts and confirmed the dose-response relationships for all investigated metals/metalloid and hormones.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Biology
Nadine Adam, Ngoc Q. Vuong, Hailey Adams, Byron Kuo, Afshin Beheshti, Carole Yauk, Ruth Wilkins, Vinita Chauhan
Summary: Transcriptional data has shown potential value in understanding the molecular effects of radiation exposure. Benchmark dose modeling allows for quantitative comparison of radiation-induced gene and pathway alterations, leading to meaningful biological effects.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Francesco De Pretis, Yun Zhou, Pengcheng Xun, Kan Shao
Summary: The BMD methodology is widely used for determining the toxicity value of chemicals, but its application to epidemiological data is limited. This study compares two different methods for BMD analysis in prospective cohort studies on bladder and lung cancer linked to inorganic arsenic exposure, and suggests that modeling adjusted RR values as continuous data for BMD estimation is a more generalizable approach harmonized with the BMD approach using toxicological data.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Mitchell Wall, Matthew S. Allen, Robert J. Kuether
Summary: This paper presents measurements from a benchmark structure with two bolted joints to predict damping and model nonlinear coupling between elastic modes. Nonlinearities introduced by the bolted joints cause challenges in characterizing the structure's response to varying load amplitudes, with differences in response correlating with the strength of excited modes. The findings highlight the importance of understanding mode coupling in predicting structural behavior.
MECHANICAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ryan P. Wheeldon, Stephen D. Dertinger, Steven M. Bryce, Jeffrey C. Bemis, George E. Johnson
Summary: The use of Benchmark Dose (BMD) uncertainty measurements is crucial in potency comparative analyses between test conditions, as highlighted by a reanalysis of an in vitro genotoxicity dataset. Utilizing BMD point estimates may lead to mischaracterization of potency differences between systems, and calculating S9 potency ratio confidence intervals based on BMDL and BMDU metrics provides more statistically robust metrics for comparative potency measurements. This work emphasizes the importance of a stepwise approach in BMD modeling for comparative potency analyses.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS
(2021)
Article
Biology
Vinita Chauhan, Jihang Yu, Ngoc Vuong, Lynne T. T. Haber, Andrew Williams, Scott S. S. Auerbach, Danielle Beaton, Yi Wang, Robert Stainforth, Ruth C. C. Wilkins, Edouard I. I. Azzam, Richard B. B. Richardson, Md Gulam Musawwir Khan, Ashok Jadhav, Julie J. J. Burtt, Julie Leblanc, Kristi Randhawa, Knut Erik Tollefsen, Carole L. L. Yauk
Summary: Exposure to different forms of ionizing radiation is common in various settings, and improving the accuracy of health risk estimation is crucial. Benchmark dose (BMD) modeling, commonly used in chemical hazard assessments, shows potential in the radiation field. It involves fitting mathematical models to dose-response data and identifying a point of departure. A workshop was organized to introduce radiation scientists to BMD modeling and its practical application, aiming to explore its usefulness in interpreting dose-response data and supporting regulatory decisions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chu-Chih Chen, Yi-Chun Tsai, Yin-Han Wang, Chia-Fang Wu, Yi-Wen Chiu, Shang-Jyh Hwang, Chia-Chu Liu, Tusty-Jiuan Hsieh, Ming-Tsang Wu
Summary: This study found that the exposure threshold of melamine in early-stage chronic kidney disease patients was significantly lower than current health standards, and suggested that these patients should strictly avoid using melamine tableware and related products.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Economics
Yunhui Lin, Yuan Wang, Loo Hay Lee, Ek Peng Chew
Summary: This paper studies a parcel locker location problem in the context of the growing complexity of logistics services in the e-commerce industry. The objective is to maximize profit by attracting customers through the introduction of self-service parcel lockers. The paper proposes a combinatorial optimization model that relaxes the strict assumptions of the binomial logit model and the multinomial logit model. The results show that the use of these models can lead to either conservative or aggressive revenue estimation, highlighting the need for a more flexible approach. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to investigate the impact of the relative attractiveness of locker services on location decisions, emphasizing the importance of calibrating the input parameters.
TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH PART E-LOGISTICS AND TRANSPORTATION REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
John W. Green, Manousos Foudoulakis, Timothy Fredricks, Thomas Bean, Jonathan Maul, Stephanie Plautz, Pablo Valverde, Adam Schapaugh, Xiaoyi Sopko, Zhenglei Gao
Summary: Avian reproduction studies for regulatory risk assessment are being reviewed by regulatory authorities, prompting the need for statistical re-analysis of older studies and improvements in experimental study design. The use of benchmark dose methodology is gaining attention, but has limitations. Updated statistical methodologies and case studies have demonstrated the importance of improving avian reproduction studies for risk assessments.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jeongwo Kim, Tony John, Subodh Adhikari, David Wu, Benjamin Emerson, Vishal Acharya, Mitsunori Isono, Toshihiko Saito, Timothy Lieuwen
Summary: This paper investigates azimuthal instabilities in a lean, premixed combustor and presents a weakly nonlinear framework to interpret the results. It shows the importance of linear instability growth/damping rate and azimuthal non-uniformities in controlling different wave behaviors.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Herman Autrup, Frank A. Barile, Sir Colin Berry, Bas J. Blaauboer, Alan Boobis, Herrmann Bolt, Christopher J. Borgert, Wolfgang Dekant, Daniel Dietrich, Jose L. Domingo, Gio Batta Gori, Helmut Greim, Jan Hengstler, Sam Kacew, Hans Marquardt, Olavi Pelkonen, Kai Savolainen, Pat Heslop-Harrison, Nico P. Vermeulen
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Suzanne E. Fenton, Alan Ducatman, Alan Boobis, Jamie C. DeWitt, Christopher Lau, Carla Ng, James S. Smith, Stephen M. Roberts
Summary: Reports on the impacts of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on the environment and human health have increased substantially in peer-reviewed literature. Epidemiological studies have shown associations between exposure to specific PFAS and various health effects, and further research is needed to understand differences in responses between sexes, species, and life stages. More contemporary approaches such as read-across, molecular dynamics, and protein modeling are proposed to accelerate the development of toxicity information on PFAS, as well as the need for precaution to protect human health given the known effects of certain PFAS compounds.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
James W. Firman, Ans Punt, Mark T. D. Cronin, Alan R. Boobis, Martin F. Wilks, Paul A. Hepburn, Anette Thiel, Karma C. Fussell
Summary: The study aimed to determine the utility of high-throughput screening (HTS) data in toxicological read-across for food-relevant chemicals. Results showed that HTS data could help elucidate bioactivities, close data gaps, and define the boundaries of chemical space. The evaluation of paraben-gallates and pyranone-type compounds for estrogenicity demonstrated the potential for identifying out-of-domain compounds.
CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Lynne T. Haber, John F. Reichard, Alice K. Henning, Peter Dawson, R. Sharon Chinthrajah, Sayantani B. Sindher, Andrew Long, Melissa J. Vincent, Kari C. Nadeau, Bruce C. Allen
Summary: Risk-based labeling using minimal eliciting doses in sensitized populations may replace precautionary allergen labeling for food allergens. Data on peanut allergens from double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges in the US show a complex hierarchical structure accounting for variability across individuals and study locations. Estimating the dose-response distribution could contribute to improved food labeling guidelines for managing food allergies.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Debra Cherry, Elizabeth Friedman, Melissa Vincent, Andrew Maier
Summary: This review evaluates the relationship between exposure to vapors from mixed chemical and radioactive waste stored in underground tanks at Hanford and worker health. While irritant-type symptoms and isolated cases of occupational disease are plausible under certain conditions, no pervasive pattern of occupational disease was identified that can be associated with exposure to tank farm vapors.
TOXICOLOGY AND INDUSTRIAL HEALTH
(2021)
Letter
Toxicology
Frank A. Barile, Sir Colin Berry, Bas Blaauboer, Alan Boobis, Herrmann Bolt, Christopher J. Borgert, Wolfgang Dekant, Daniel Dietrich, Jose L. Domingo, Gio Batta Gori, Helmut Greim, Jan Hengstler, Sam Kacew, Hans Marquardt, Olavi Pelkonen, Kai Savolainen, Pat Heslop-Harrison, Aristides Tsatsakis, Nico P. Vermeulen
TOXICOLOGY LETTERS
(2021)
Letter
Toxicology
Frank A. Barile, Colin Berry, Bas Blaauboer, Alan Boobis, Herrmann M. Bolt, Christopher Borgert, Wolfgang Dekant, Daniel Dietrich, Jose L. Domingo, Corrado L. Galli, Gio Batta Gori, Helmut Greim, Jan G. Hengstler, Pat Heslop-Harrison, Sam Kacew, Hans Marquardt, Angela Mally, Olavi Pelkonen, Kai Savolainen, Emanuela Testai, Aristides Tsatsakis, Nico P. Vermeulen
Summary: The EU chemicals strategy for sustainability emphasizes the need for further regulation due to threats to human health and the environment. Concerns were raised by the German BfR regarding the scientific justification for this strategy. Any initiatives to improve consumer protection must be based on scientific knowledge and avoid confounding risk with other factors in policy-making.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Letter
Toxicology
John E. Doe, Alan R. Boobis, Samuel M. Cohen, Vicki L. Dellarco, Penelope A. Fenner-Crisp, Angelo Moretto, Timothy P. Pastoor, Rita S. Schoeny, Jennifer G. Seed, Douglas C. Wolf
Summary: The debate between hazard-based and risk-based approaches has been ongoing, with the use of level 1 hazard codification schemes being challenged in situations requiring more nuanced assessments provided by level 2 or level 3 schemes. While level 2 and level 3 codification offer more flexibility and choices, the underlying controversy stems from the limitations of level 1 schemes in addressing varying levels of severity and potency.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Toxicology
Alice A. Han, Amanda N. Buerger, Hannah Allen, Melissa Vincent, Stephanie A. Thornton, Kenneth M. Unice, Andrew Maier, Antonio Quinones-Rivera
Summary: Although ingestion of ethanol during pregnancy has detrimental effects on the fetus, the potential developmental effects of maternal ethanol intake during lactation are less well characterized. However, the investigation suggests that the use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers by breastfeeding women is unlikely to cause neurodevelopmental issues in infants.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Legal
Yu-Mei Tan, Hugh A. Barton, Alan Boobis, Rachel Brunner, Harvey Clewell, Rhian Cope, Jeffrey Dawson, Jeanne Domoradzki, Peter Egeghy, Pankaj Gulati, Brandall Ingle, Nicole Kleinstreuer, Kelly Lowe, Anna Lowit, Elizabeth Mendez, David Miller, Jeffrey Minucci, James Nguyen, Alicia Paini, Monique Perron, Katherine Phillips, Hua Qian, Tharacad Ramanarayanan, Fiona Sewell, Philip Villanueva, John Wambaugh, Michelle Embry
Summary: In repeated dose animal studies, there are various methods for dose selection, including identification of apical endpoints, use of the limit dose, and determination of a maximum tolerated dose. An alternative approach, the kinetically derived maximum dose, integrates toxicokinetic data into the dose selection process as a mechanism.
REGULATORY TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Toxicology
John E. Doe, Alan R. Boobis, Samuel M. Cohen, Vicki L. Dellarco, Penelope A. Fenner-Crisp, Angelo Moretto, Timothy P. Pastoor, Rita S. Schoeny, Jennifer G. Seed, Douglas C. Wolf
Summary: Concerns over potentially carcinogenic substances have led to various classification schemes, but binary choices are not effective in managing these substances. Hence, we propose a new classification scheme that categorizes carcinogens based on their mode of action and potency, providing better guidance in their regulation and management.
ARCHIVES OF TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lynne T. Haber, Alison M. Pecquet, Melissa J. Vincent, Louise M. White
Summary: For several decades, a relative potency approach has been used to estimate the human health risks from exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) mixtures. However, the current knowledge of PAH carcinogenicity is insufficient to support quantitative potency equivalence factors (PEFs) estimation. Therefore, an interdisciplinary approach is needed to estimate the risks of PAH mixtures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Economics & Policy
Ellen Dyson, Rachel Helbig, Tessa Avermaete, Kate Halliwell, Philip C. Calder, Lynn R. Brown, John Ingram, Bert Popping, Hans Verhagen, Alan R. Boobis, Isabelle Guelinckx, Louise Dye, Neil Boyle
Summary: The reverberations of the Ukraine-Russia conflict have had a profound global impact in 2022, exacerbating existing pressures on global systems. The vulnerabilities of the global food system have been exposed, resulting in disruptions to food supply chains and disproportionately affecting vulnerable populations in the Global South.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Christopher A. Bates, Lynne T. Haber, Martha M. Moore, Rita Schoeny, Andrew Maier
Summary: Although there are guidance documents and frameworks for evaluation of carcinogenicity, they have limitations and do not fully reflect the current scientific state. To address this, a framework for risk assessment of dietary carcinogens has been developed, which includes an improved approach for genetic toxicology data evaluation and discussion of resources, providing risk managers with additional flexibility in risk management and communication.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)