Article
Engineering, Chemical
Xiaoyang Wei, Jesse Zhu
Summary: Studies show that in gas-solid circulating fluidized beds, aggregated clusters have a significant impact on reactor performance. However, key cluster properties exhibit large variations, hindering understanding of CFB. Existing discrimination methods show discrepancies and a discrimination guideline is proposed for cluster identification in CFB.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Pilaiwan Chaiwang, Hannarong Chitcharoenyoo, Pornpote Piumsomboon, Benjapon Chalermsinsuwan
Summary: This study investigated the three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (3D-CFD) of a pulsating flow applied to the fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) reaction in the riser of a circulating fluidized bed reactor. By considering the operating parameters of pulsating flow, it was found that frequency and type of the waveform significantly affect the reactant conversion level and product yield percentages.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hoang Vu Ly, Boreum Lee, Jae Wook Sim, Quoc Khanh Tran, Seung-Soo Kim, Jinsoo Kim, Boris Brigljevic, Hyun Tae Hwang, Hankwon Lim
Summary: The study focused on producing bio-oil from spent coffee waste through non-catalytic and catalytic fast pyrolysis, with a particular emphasis on comparative analysis of bio-oil quality and techno-economic analysis of scale-up systems. The results showed that dolomite and hematite had competitive unit production costs compared to conventional crude oil prices. Coupling laboratory-scale experimental results with scale-up modeling and economic analysis is crucial for practical feasibility studies in SCW pyrolysis for bio-oil production.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Xiaoyang Wei, Justin Weber, Ronald W. Breault
Summary: Gas-solid circulating fluidized beds (CFBs) are widely used as reactors in industry, and the performance heavily relies on the interaction between gas and clusters. This study numerically quantified the gas-cluster interaction and proposed an empirical correlation to quantify the interaction, contributing significantly to the design and optimization of CFBs.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chen Hong, Yifei Li, Yanxiao Si, Zaixing Li, Yi Xing, Xiaonan Chang, Zixuan Zheng, Jiashuo Hu, Xiumei Zhao
Summary: Catalytic removal of nitrogen and oxygen from antibiotic fermentation residue (AR) bio-oil was studied under fast pyrolysis conditions using various metal catalysts. The results showed that the metal catalysts effectively reduced nitrogen and oxygen content in the bio-oil, leading to an improvement in its quality.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chengwang Zhao, Chen Hong, Jiashuo Hu, Yi Xing, Wei Ling, Bo Zhang, Yijie Wang, Lihui Feng
Summary: This paper reviews the research progress of heteroatomic compound treatment technology in bio-oil. Various techniques such as biomass washing treatments, catalytic cracking, catalytic hydrotreating, and other techniques like adsorption denitrification and adsorption dichlorination and co-pyrolysis are used to remove the heteroatomic compounds in bio-oil. The removal effects of different catalysts and methods are compared and discussed in this study.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mira Abou Rjeily, Cedric Gennequin, Herve Pron, Edmond Abi-Aad, Jaona Harifidy Randrianalisoa
Summary: Rapid population growth and economic development are driving the demand for energy, emphasizing the need for environmentally friendly energy sources. Pyrolysis converts biomass into valuable compounds, but further upgrading is necessary. Catalytic reforming efficiently removes tar and converts biogas into syngas.
ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Sainab Omar, Yang Yang, Jiawei Wang
Summary: This review article provides an overview of the key research on bio-oil upgrading using catalytic and non-catalytic supercritical fluid conditions. Precious metal catalysts like Pd, Ru, and Pt are commonly chosen for their catalytic activity, while some researchers have explored non-precious metal catalysts. SCFs such as methanol, ethanol, and water have shown promise in upgrading bio-oil without a catalyst.
FRONTIERS OF CHEMICAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Subhodeep Banerjee, Mehrdad Shahnam, William A. Rogers, Robin W. Hughes
Summary: Interest in circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers as a power generation technology has increased due to advantages such as increased combustion efficiency and the ability to use lower rank fuels. CFB combustors operate at lower temperatures, reducing NOx emissions, and SO2 emissions can be controlled through the addition of sulfur sorbents.
Article
Thermodynamics
Krishna Kant Dwivedi, Subhajit Dutta, Chanchal Loha, Malay Kumar Karmakar, Pradip Kumar Chatterjee
Summary: In this study, gas-particle hydrodynamics and wall erosion impact in CFB risers were investigated using Euler-Lagrange based CFD with the commercial software BARRACUDA. The numerical model was validated against experimental data, showing acceptable agreements. The findings suggest that the design of riser exit significantly affects the hydrodynamics and particle circulation in CFB systems.
THERMAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yifeng He, Ronghou Liu, Dominic Yellezuome, Wanxi Peng, Meisam Tabatabaei
Summary: This study focuses on the upgrading of biomass-derived bio-oil through catalytic hydrogenation. A new catalyst, Rh/ZrO2, was developed with high deoxygenation ability. Catalytic hydrogenation can remove oxygen from bio-oil and reduce its oxygen content, thereby enhancing its potential as a biofuel.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Shasha Liu, Gang Wu, Yi Gao, Bin Li, Yu Feng, Jianbin Zhou, Xun Hu, Yong Huang, Shu Zhang, Hong Zhang
Summary: The study showed that catalytic reaction with activated char could increase the relative content of phenolic substances in bio-oil and create more active sites. At higher temperatures, the content of aromatic hydrocarbons in bio-oil increased while oxygen-containing compounds (such as ketones, acids, aldehydes) decreased.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Hao Luo, Chao Zhang, Zeneng Sun, Jesse Zhu
Summary: The study utilized a CFD model to examine the hydrodynamics of a liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed (LSCFB). Numerical simulations were conducted under various operating conditions, showing correct trends and good agreements with experimental data. The results indicated the presence of radial non-uniformity and axial uniformity in flow structures, with various factors such as superficial velocities and particle densities affecting the flow distribution.
ADVANCED POWDER TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ronald W. Breault, Justin Weber, Jingsi Yang
Summary: This study introduces a new correlation to describe the saturation carrying capacity of risers in a circulating fluidized bed, applicable to Geldart Group B particles; analysis reveals significant differences in the functionality of saturation carrying capacity for small and large particles.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiaoxue Jiang, Shuyan Wang, Baoli Shao, Ugwuodo U. Marcellus, Huilin Lu
Summary: This study investigates the passive regulation of particle clusters in two-stage fluidized bed risers using a computational model and kinetic theory of granular flow. It is found that the hydrodynamics of clusters can be controlled by adjusting the diameter ratio of the risers.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Tai-Ying Chen, Montgomery Baker-Fales, Himanshu Goyal, Dionisios G. Vlachos
Summary: Microwaves can promote the electrification and intensification of chemical manufacturing. This study focuses on the MW-heated liquid-liquid biphasic systems related to extraction and measures the temperature difference between two phases. The results show permanent temperature differences and periodic oscillations, which are driven by the absorption rate of MW irradiation and the heat transfer between phases. A multiphysics model is also developed to predict the temperature difference in a batch system, and a simple analytical model provides design principles. These findings offer new insights into the design and optimization of MW-heated biphasic systems.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Gregory S. Shallcross, Jesse Capecelatro
Summary: The characteristic-based volume penalization combined with a high-order energy-stable finite difference framework is a computationally efficient method for compressible flows. It improves stability by avoiding increased stiffness associated with boundary treatment and does not require modifications to the computational stencil.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sarah Morris, William McAtee, Jesse Capecelatro, Vrishank Raghav
Summary: This study aims to assess the influence of expiratory flow pulsatility on the effectiveness of a surgical face mask by quantifying and classifying the flow leakage around the mask. The results show that multi-pulsed expiratory flow events generate greater leakage flow around the mask than single-pulsed events.
JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Aaron M. Lattanzi, Vahid Tavanashad, Shankar Subramaniam, Jesse Capecelatro
Summary: Standard Eulerian-Lagrangian (EL) methods often overlook higher-order drag force statistics caused by neighbor-induced flow perturbations, leading to inaccurate predictions for particle velocity variance and dispersion. In this study, a force Langevin model is developed to address this issue by treating neighbor-induced drag fluctuations as a stochastic force within the EL framework. The stochastic EL approach shows improved accuracy in predicting particle velocity variance and dispersion compared to the standard EL approach.
PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Krishna Gopal Sharma, Niket S. Kaisare, Himanshu Goyal
Summary: A GRU-based RNN model was developed for gas-phase reactions in biomass gasification, accurately predicting the situation at different time intervals in the reactor. The use of a compact kinetic model reduced from detailed scheme as a reference greatly reduced the computational cost.
REACTION CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Sijian Tan, Zhihang Zhang, Kevin Maki, Krzysztof J. Fidkowski, Jesse Capecelatro
Summary: This article develops a simple model for assessing the risk of airborne disease transmission in indoor spaces. By simulating airflow in classrooms, lecture halls, and buses, the spatial distribution of expiratory droplet nuclei is quantified, taking into account non-uniform mixing. The study finds that the spatial non-uniformity can be accurately described by a shifted lognormal distribution.
Article
Mechanics
Jesse Capecelatro
Summary: This article reviews and discusses the numerical modeling of high-speed disperse two-phase flows relevant to plume-surface interactions (PSI). It provides an overview of existing drag laws and new insights from particle-resolved numerical simulations.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Chihsiu Lo, Jeffrey Bons, Yuan Yao, Jesse Capecelatro
Summary: This study numerically investigates particle dispersion and deposition in turbulent pipe flows. The results show that the classical DRW model tends to overpredict the effect of entrance and does not yield good agreement in the deposition statistics. On the other hand, the CRW model shows promising capability in modeling particle dispersion and deposition.
JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Aaron M. Lattanzi, Vahid Tavanashad, Shankar Subramaniam, Jesse Capecelatro
Summary: We have derived analytical solutions for hydrodynamic sources and sinks to granular temperature in moderately dense suspensions of elastic particles at finite Reynolds numbers. The model based on Langevin equation shows promise as a general theory from gas-solid to bubbly flows, with analytical predictions agreeing with benchmark data from particle-resolved direct numerical simulations.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Min Zhu, Mario Medina, Romesh Nalliah, Viyan Kadhium, Eric Bell, Taehoon Han, Andre Boehman, Jesse Capecelatro, Margaret Wooldridge
Summary: This article presents the characteristics and mitigation strategies of aerosols generated during dental care procedures. The study found that barriers are the most effective mitigation strategy, while other methods have limitations and risks. By utilizing these findings, dental offices can regain pre-pandemic productivity.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Himanshu Goyal
Summary: This article discusses the significant challenges hindering the development and deployment of microwave multiphase reactors and the opportunities for further research. Structured reactors are emphasized as a canonical setup for experiments and modeling.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING AND PROCESSING-PROCESS INTENSIFICATION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Nidhi Parmar, Chaitanya A. Kavale, Himanshu Goyal
Summary: Microwave-assisted process intensification is a promising technique that lacks design rules for optimization and scale-up. High-throughput computational models are crucial for the rapid development of intensified microwave reactors, especially structured reactors like monoliths. A continuum model using averaging techniques has been developed to predict the behavior of monoliths with lower computational expense compared to fully resolved simulations.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Chaitanya. A. A. Kavale, Niket. S. S. Kaisare, Himanshu Goyal
Summary: This study uses the volume averaging technique to convert pointwise governing equations into averaged equations for porous domain, in order to simulate catalytic monolith reactions. The traditional porous medium assumption leads to significant errors when dealing with catalytic reactions, but a technique to accurately calculate reaction rates has been proposed. The results show that this method reduces computational cost while maintaining accuracy.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Raimundo Ho, Yujin Shin, Shawn Zhang, Aiden Zhu, Prashant Kumar, Himanshu Goyal
Summary: Powder mixing unit operations are crucial in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Computational approaches are used to evaluate mixing indices, while experimental methods are needed for particle dynamics tracking and validation. This study evaluated the mixing performance of two particle species in a novel laboratory agitator filter dryer (AFD) using 3D X-ray microCT analysis. A new workflow was demonstrated to derive powder mixing indices using image analytics and 3D reconstruction. The AFD device enables customizable scale-down experiments and achieves uniform powder mixture with small cluster size.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yeonsu Kwak, Cong Wang, Chaitanya A. Kavale, Kewei Yu, Esun Selvam, Reyes Mallada, Jesus Santamaria, Ignacio Julian, Jose M. Catala-Civera, Himanshu Goyal, Weiqing Zheng, Dionisios G. Vlachos
Summary: This study demonstrates propane dehydrogenation (PDH) in a microwave-heated reactor, achieving efficient, stable, and selective catalytic reactions by changing the heating mode. Catalysts under microwave heating exhibit higher activity and resistance to deactivation compared to conventional reactors. The influence of temperature gradients and nanoscale temperature inhomogeneities on reaction performance is analyzed computationally.
