Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kingshuk Panda, Kalichamy Alagarasu, Deepti Parashar
Summary: Dengue fever, a common viral infection in tropical and subtropical regions, lacks effective vaccines or antiviral therapies. Therefore, there is a strong demand for safe and effective therapeutic strategies to reduce the burden of this disease. Oligonucleotide-based strategies offer a promising means of inhibiting viral replication without adverse effects on cellular processes, but face challenges in utilizing such approaches.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kazuki Sumiya, Hiroto Izumi, Shinichi Mochizuki, Kazuo Sakurai
Summary: The study investigates the relationship between antisense oligonucleotides (AS-ODNs) and protein expression, showing that a macromolecular complex formed by beta-1,3-glucan schizophyllan (SPG) and AS-ODNs can be taken up by cells. A new complex containing only one AS-ODN molecule has been isolated and its delivery efficacy will be evaluated in comparison with the previous complex.
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Hani Sabaie, Nazanin Amirinejad, Mohammad Reza Asadi, Abbas Jalaiei, Yousef Daneshmandpour, Omidvar Rezaei, Mohammad Taheri, Maryam Rezazadeh
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a heterogeneous degenerative brain disorder with increasing prevalence globally, characterized by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Long non-coding RNAs have regulatory functions in gene expressions by modulating microRNAs through the ceRNA mechanism. Investigating the ceRNA interaction networks can provide new insights into the etiology of AD and potential therapeutic targets.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Maria Gagliardi, Ana Tari Ashizawa
Summary: The Bcl-2 family plays a crucial role in regulating the balance between cell death and cell survival, and is implicated in tumorigenesis. Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein, is a central player in various human cancers, promoting cell survival, angiogenesis, and chemotherapy resistance. This article reviews the history and development of Bcl-2-targeting antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), their optimization, clinical trials, and promising candidates.
Article
Cell Biology
Junfeng Ye, Yu Fu, Zhongfeng Wang, Jinhai Yu
Summary: The study found that FOXP4-AS1 promotes the progression of HCC by regulating H3K27me3, suppressing the expression of ZC3H12D, and affecting the biological functions of HCC cells.
CELL BIOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Martina Traykovska, Robert Penchovsky
Summary: In recent decades, antibiotic drug resistance has become a significant challenge in modern medicine due to the emergence of bacteria strains resistant to known antibiotics. Riboswitches have emerged as novel targets for antibacterial drug discovery. This study describes the design and applications of antisense oligonucleotides as antibacterial agents targeting riboswitches, demonstrating their suitability for drug development.
ACS SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Robert K. Bradley, Olga Anczukow
Summary: Dysregulated RNA splicing is a common feature in various tumors, resulting from mutations and altered expression of factors involved in splicing regulation. Dysregulated splicing promotes tumorigenesis through multiple mechanisms, such as enhancing cell proliferation, suppressing apoptosis, promoting migration and metastasis, and conferring resistance to chemotherapy and immune surveillance. Targeting splicing for cancer therapy shows promising potential, with specific cancer-associated isoforms identified and small molecules developed to modulate or inhibit RNA splicing.
NATURE REVIEWS CANCER
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Taslima Rahman Chowdhury, Tahia Taufiq, Kenta Ishida, Md Ariful Islam, Yuuya Kasahara, Takashi Osawa, Satoshi Obika
Summary: This study aimed to develop a new platform for conjugating 4-arm polyethylene glycol (PEG) with antisense oligonucleotide (ASO). PEG-conjugated ASOs have the potential to improve the pharmacokinetic properties of the drug by increasing stability and retention time. The synthesized PEG-ASO conjugate consisting of 4-arm-PEG and four molecules of ASO showed comparable hybridization ability and in vitro gene silencing activity to the parent ASO, indicating its potential as a stable and effective ASO delivery system.
BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomo Takegawa-Araki, Kai Yasukawa, Norihiko Iwazaki, Masayuki Utsugi, Hiroyuki Furukawa, Shinji Kumagai, Hiroaki Sawamoto, Satoshi Obika
Summary: -Amino-LNA can acquire various functions through chemical modification at the 2 '-nitrogen atom. This study focused on the practical usefulness of 2 '-N-alkylaminocarbonyl 2 '-amino-LNA as a chemical modification of anti-miRNA oligonucleotide. The synthesis of 2 '-N-alkylaminocarbonyl substituted 2 '-amino-LNA monomers improved the duplex stability for complementary RNA strands and nuclease resistance, and increased the potency of anti-miRNA oligonucleotides.
BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Misa Yoshida, Chihiro Oda, Keishiro Mishima, Itsuki Tsuji, Satoshi Obika, Masahito Shimojo
Summary: A study has found that the growth of cancer cells can be inhibited by specific nucleotides, and the detailed mechanism involves the regulation of REST splicing to affect cell viability. This research is of great significance for refractory tumors such as small cell lung cancer and prostate cancer.
CANCER CELL INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Hiroyuki Togawa, Takashi Okubo, Yumi Nonaka, Takao Yamaguchi, Satoshi Obika
Summary: Small interfering RNA (siRNA), consisting of two complementary single-stranded RNAs with overhanging bases, is a potent and specific inhibitor of target gene expression. However, in the siRNA manufacturing process, non-duplexed single strands and undesired double strands composed of impurities could be produced. This study demonstrates the analysis of double-stranded oligomers with overhanging bases by anion-exchange chromatography (AEX) under non-denaturing conditions.
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hideo Takakusa, Norihiko Iwazaki, Makiya Nishikawa, Tokuyuki Yoshida, Satoshi Obika, Takao Inoue
Summary: Oligonucleotide therapeutics have become popular as a new treatment option for diseases that were previously difficult to target. However, there is a need to develop efficient methods for evaluating the metabolism and drug interactions of these therapeutics. The distribution and metabolism mechanisms of oligonucleotide therapeutics differ from small molecule drugs, and there are also challenges regarding experimental approaches in the evaluation of these therapeutics. This review summarizes the DMPK characteristics of antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapeutics and discusses how to optimize their evaluation and prediction.
NUCLEIC ACID THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuya Tanaka, Yurika Tanioku, Taisuke Nakayama, Kotomi Aso, Takao Yamaguchi, Haruhiko Kamada, Satoshi Obika
Summary: In this study, we designed and synthesized multi-conjugatable fatty acid monomer phosphoramidites and conjugated them with antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). The conjugation of multivalent long-chain fatty acids improved the cellular uptake of ASOs but decreased their in vitro activity due to changes in physical properties and cellular localization. Furthermore, the multivalently fatty acid-conjugated ASOs exhibited different organ specificity compared to unconjugated ASOs in in vivo experiments. Although the optimization of the linker structure between the fatty acid moiety and the ASO may be necessary, the divalent long-chain fatty acid conjugation offers a new approach to enhance endocytosis and potentially improve the activity of therapeutic ASOs.
BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Marina Cuchel, Frederick J. Raal, Robert A. Hegele, Khalid Al-Rasadi, Marcello Arca, Maurizio Averna, Eric Bruckert, Tomas Freiberger, Daniel Gaudet, Mariko Harada-Shiba, Lisa C. Hudgins, Meral Kayikcioglu, Luis Masana, Klaus G. Parhofer, Jeanine E. Roeters van Lennep, Raul D. Santos, Erik S. G. Stroes, Gerald F. Watts, Albert Wiegman, Jane K. Stock, Lale S. Tokgoezoglu, Alberico L. Catapano, Kausik K. Ray
Summary: This 2023 statement provides updated clinical guidance for the management of homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HoFH), including criteria for diagnosis, genetic testing interpretation, and treatment recommendations. The statement emphasizes the importance of considering both phenotype and genotype in the diagnosis of HoFH, with a LDL-C level >10 mmol/L (>400 mg/dL) being indicative of the condition. Combination therapy targeting LDL-C, including the use of novel therapies like proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors, is recommended to achieve LDL-C goals and reduce the need for lipoprotein apheresis. To improve HoFH care globally, the statement recommends the implementation of national screening programs, education to increase awareness, and management guidelines adapted to local healthcare systems.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Atsushi Mikami, Shohei Mori, Takashi Osawa, Satoshi Obika
Summary: A post-synthetic nucleobase modification method for oligonucleotides via Sonogashira coupling is developed. This method enables efficient synthesis of various types of alkynyl-modified oligonucleotides and evaluation of the stability of the duplex formed by the synthesized alkynyl-modified oligonucleotides. Interestingly, alkynyl-modification on pyrimidine is less tolerated than on purine in duplex stability.
CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takao Yamaguchi, Naohiro Horie, Hiroshi Aoyama, Shinji Kumagai, Satoshi Obika
Summary: Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have emerged as a promising class of drugs for the treatment of various diseases. In order to improve their stability and duplex-forming ability, modified nucleic acids have been developed by modulating sugar conformation and incorporating various substituents. This study introduces the incorporation of an N-tert-butylguanidinium group at the 2',4'-bridging structure, which greatly enhances duplex-forming ability by interacting with the minor groove. Hydrophobic substituents fitting the grooves of duplexes also show potential in increasing duplex-forming ability.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kosuke Chiba, Takao Yamaguchi, Satoshi Obika
Summary: Researchers have developed a method to modify DNAzymes using X-ray crystal structure, which allows for effective identification of suitable XNAs for modification. By combining this approach with a modification strategy used in designing antisense oligonucleotides, they successfully designed XNAs that exhibited high potency in RNA cleavage and biostability. This approach shows promise in developing novel therapeutic agents based on XNAzymes.
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Yota Sakurai, Takao Yamaguchi, Tokuyuki Yoshida, Masahiko Horiba, Takao Inoue, Satoshi Obika
Summary: Naturally occurring 5-hydroxycytosine (5-OHCyt) has been found to reduce the hepatotoxicity of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) while maintaining its antisense activity. Sugar modified nucleic acids, such as 2'-O-methylribonucleic acid (2'-OMe-RNA) and 2'-O,4'-C-spirocyclopropylene-bridged nucleic acid (scpBNA), are useful antisense materials. In this study, dual modified nucleic acids 2'-OMe-RNA-5-OHCyt and scpBNA-5-OHCyt were designed and synthesized, and they showed similar duplex-forming ability and base discrimination properties as 2'-OMe-RNA-Cyt and scpBNA-mCyt modified oligonucleotides.
JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chisato Terada, Kaho Oh, Ryutaro Tsubaki, Bun Chan, Nozomi Aibara, Kaname Ohyama, Masa-Aki Shibata, Takehiko Wada, Mariko Harada-Shiba, Asako Yamayoshi, Tsuyoshi Yamamoto
Summary: In this study, a toehold-bearing ASO architecture is developed to mitigate a broad spectrum of off-target interactions, significantly enhancing the safety profile of ASO drugs.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Tomo Takegawa-Araki, Kai Yasukawa, Norihiko Iwazaki, Hideto Maruyama, Hiroyuki Furukawa, Hiroaki Sawamoto, Satoshi Obika
Summary: This study describes a facile and efficient method for synthesizing various 2'-N-acyl amino-LNA derivatives and analyzes their fundamental properties. The introduction of acylated amino-LNA enhances the potency of the molecules as therapeutic anti-microRNA oligonucleotides.
ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Oncology
Masahito Shimojo, Satoshi Obika
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ryosuke Kita, Takashi Osawa, Satoshi Obika
Summary: The DNA-encoded library (DEL) is a powerful tool for drug discovery. This article reports a solution-phase DEL synthesis based on the Ugi reaction, which can generate peptoids with activated carbamate moieties. The obtained peptoids can be tagged with oligonucleotides and substituted by Suzuki cross-coupling reaction and hydrolysis of the carboxylate ester, expanding their applications in pharmaceutical and medicinal research.
RSC CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2022)