Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Tonglei Han, Hanfei Tang, Changpo Lin, Yang Shen, Dong Yan, Xiao Tang, Daqiao Guo
Summary: Thrombotic complications are a serious health risk worldwide, and the discovery of extracellular traps (ETs) has significantly changed our understanding of thrombosis. ETs promote thrombus formation by activating platelets and coagulating them, and they have been reported to be involved in various thrombotic conditions. This review summarizes the existing evidence of ETs in human and animal model thrombi, and discusses potential novel therapeutic opportunities targeting ETs for the resolution or prevention of thrombosis.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Neila Alvarez de Haro, Andre P. Van, Calum T. Robb, Adriano G. Rossi, Andrew P. Desbois
Summary: This study investigated the release of extracellular traps (ETs) by immune cells of Atlantic salmon, revealing significant stimulation of ET release by calcium ionophore and the fish pathogenic bacterium A. salmonicida. Microscopic observations showed bacteria associated with ETs, with reduced bacterial colonies recovered after co-incubation with neutrophils induced to release ETs. Interestingly, spontaneous ET release was inversely associated with fish mass, indicating a potential role in innate immunity and host-pathogen interaction in protecting against infectious diseases in cultured stocks.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Amy Monaco, Nicole Canales-Huerta, Jorge Jara-Wilde, Steffen Hartel, Jose Alejandro Chabalgoity, Maria Moreno, Paola Scavone
Summary: Salmonella, a pathogen responsible for a wide range of diseases, triggers host inflammatory responses and recruits innate immune cells. Research has shown that macrophages can release extracellular DNA traps, known as Macrophage Extracellular Traps (METs), which play a crucial role in immobilizing and reducing Salmonella survival, offering a novel immune-mediated defense mechanism against Salmonella infection.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Yilu Zhou, Zhendong Xu, Zhiqiang Liu
Summary: Thrombotic diseases are a serious threat to human health, and neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a significant role in abnormal thrombus formation. NETs can prevent the spread of pathogens and effectively eliminate them, but they can also contribute to the formation of pathological thrombi.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Yamei Cui, Ying Yang, Wenqiang Tao, Wei Peng, Deqiang Luo, Ning Zhao, Shuangyan Li, Kejian Qian, Fen Liu
Summary: This study aimed to elucidate the specific mechanisms by which NETs activate AM and maintain lung inflammation at the post-translational level. The results indicate that NETs induce oxidative stress by activating NLRP3, leading to the formation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and AM pyroptosis, which ultimately causes lung injury. Therefore, NETs may be a key factor in the development of inflammatory lung injury in sepsis.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Hua Zhong, Ren-Yi Lu, Yan Wang
Summary: Fungal infections present a growing challenge in healthcare. Neutrophils are essential in defense against fungal infections and employ various mechanisms like phagocytosis, oxidative bursts, and the formation of extracellular traps to eliminate fungal invaders. The study of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has made significant progress since its discovery, and this article describes the formation, induction, and function of NETs, as well as fungal strategies to evade NETs hunting.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kai Yin, Dongxu Wang, Yue Zhang, Hongmin Lu, Lulu Hou, Tiantian Guo, Hongjing Zhao, Mingwei Xing
Summary: Microplastics, a new and increasing environmental pollutant, induce liver inflammation and the formation of macrophage extracellular traps (METs). Macrophages actively phagocytose microplastics, leading to elevated ROS levels, disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis, activation of mitochondrial autophagy and lysosomes, and eventually lysosome rupture and release of calcium ions to induce METs formation.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Broc Drury, Gareth Hardisty, Robert D. Gray, Gwo-tzer Ho
Summary: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) play a crucial role in inflammatory bowel diseases by acting as a defense mechanism to inhibit pathogens while also potentially exacerbating and perpetuating gut inflammation.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Maria Garcia-Bengoa, Marita Meurer, Ralph Goethe, Mahavir Singh, Rajko Reljic, Maren von Koeckritz-Blickwede
Summary: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) infections are a significant cause of mortality, and their control is difficult due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. M.tb is able to persist in the body for years without causing clinical manifestations, and it evades the host-defense by manipulating host-signalling pathways. Both macrophages and neutrophils play important roles in the immune response against M.tb.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Paolo Carai, Laura Florit Gonzalez, Stijn Van Bruggen, Valerie Spalart, Daria De Giorgio, Nadeche Geuens, Kimberly Martinod, Elizabeth Anne Vincent Jones, Stephane Heymans
Summary: The study investigates the contribution of neutrophils to the progression of viral myocarditis (VM) and found that inhibiting neutrophils and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in the acute phase of VM can reduce cardiac inflammation and improve the pathological phenotype.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biology
Elise DeRoo, Ting Zhou, Huan Yang, Amelia Stranz, Peter Henke, Bo Liu
Summary: Through single-cell RNA sequencing, this study identified transcriptomic changes in the vein wall during acute venous thrombosis, including an inflammatory response, hypoxia, and reduced myogenesis. Analysis at the individual cell level revealed increased inflammation and reduced extracellular matrix production in smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts, as well as a phenotypic shift in smooth muscle cell populations. These findings provide new insights into early pathological events that contribute to thrombus formation and adverse venous remodeling.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Apparao B. Kummarapurugu, Shuo Zheng, Jonathan Ma, Shobha Ghosh, Adam Hawkridge, Judith A. Voynow
Summary: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NE) increase cystic fibrosis (CF) airway inflammation. This study found that NE triggers the release of macrophage extracellular traps (METs), thereby enhancing NE-induced CF airway inflammation.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Julia Elrod, Moritz Lenz, Antonia Kiwit, Lina Armbrust, Lavinia Schoenfeld, Konrad Reinshagen, Laia Pagerols Raluy, Christoph Mohr, Ceren Saygi, Malik Alawi, Holger Rohde, Martin Herrmann, Michael Boettcher
Summary: Through optimizing a murine scald model, this study investigated the immune responses to heat induced injury. The study identified the roles of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and DNases in the therapy of burns. It also evaluated the effects of different exposure times on extracellular matrix.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Sarah K. Medeiros, Neha Sharma, Dhruva Dwivedi, Patricia C. Liaw
Summary: This study investigates the cytotoxic effects of nucleosomes, DNA, and histones in vitro and in vivo. It is found that DNA masks the harmful effects of histones both in vitro and in vivo. Administration of histones contributes to the pathogenesis of sepsis, but nucleosomes or DNA injection is not harmful to healthy or septic mice.
Article
Immunology
Nadine Ludwig, Julia Thoerner-van Almsick, Sina Mersmann, Bernadette Bardel, Silke Niemann, Achmet Imam Chasan, Michael Schaefers, Andreas Margraf, Jan Rossaint, Barbara C. Kahl, Alexander Zarbock, Helena Block
Summary: Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of hospital-acquired pneumonia with high mortality rates. The increasing antibiotic resistances make it difficult to provide adequate clinical treatment. Understanding the mechanisms behind its virulence during infections is crucial for finding alternative treatments.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)