Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiaoxuan Song, Zeyu Zhu, Xiaohang Qian, Xiaoli Liu, Shengdi Chen, Huidong Tang
Summary: This study investigated the potential mechanisms and interventions underlying T2DM-induced cognitive deficits by analyzing the brain transcriptome, plasma metabolome, and gut microbiota in db/db mice. The results suggest that disturbances in mitochondrial respiratory, glycolytic, and inflammatory pathways, as well as altered glucose, lipid, bile acid, and steroid metabolism, may contribute to cognitive impairment in these mice. The study also provides novel insights into the functional interactions among the brain, circulating metabolites, and gut microbiota.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Maxwell G. Farina, Mani Ratnesh S. Sandhu, Maxime Parent, Basavaraju G. Sanganahalli, Matthew Derbin, Roni Dhaher, Helen Wang, Hitten P. Zaveri, Yun Zhou, Niels C. Danbolt, Fahmeed Hyder, Tore Eid
Summary: The study successfully developed a method to precisely and specifically delete the GS gene in the postnatal brain, resulting in lower seizure thresholds, spontaneous recurrent seizures, and reduced functional connectivity.
Article
Neurosciences
Mohammed Al-Onaizi, Ahmad Al-Sarraf, Kawthar Braysh, Fatema Kazem, Heba Al-Hussaini, Muddanna Rao, Narayana Kilarkaje, Ayman ElAli
Summary: T2DM may impair cognitive function by promoting neuronal loss in the dentate gyrus and triggering age-dependent deterioration in hippocampal synaptic integrity, associated with an abnormal neuroinflammatory response.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Jens Andersen, Sofie K. Christensen, Emil W. Westi, Marta Diaz-delCastillo, Heikki Tanila, Arne Schousboe, Blanca Aldana, Helle S. Waagepetersen
Summary: This study found that in Alzheimer's disease (AD), there is prominent neuronal hypometabolism in the hippocampal slices of affected mice, while a reduction in glutamine synthesis in astrocytes directly impedes neuronal GABA synthesis.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Huanhuan Zhu, Mengqiu Bai, Xishao Xie, Junni Wang, Chunhua Weng, Huifen Dai, Jianghua Chen, Fei Han, Weiqiang Lin
Summary: This study aimed to reveal the metabolomic signatures in diabetes development and progression by comparing metabolite changes among healthy individuals, type 2 diabetes mellitus patients, and diabetic kidney disease patients. It was found that impaired amino acid metabolism was the main metabolic signature in diabetes, and specific metabolites were associated with the development of diabetic kidney disease.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ruoyun Wu, Lina Zhou, Yan Chen, Xiaoqin Ding, Yan Liu, Bei Tong, Han Lv, Xiuhua Meng, Jing Li, Tunyu Jian, Jian Chen
Summary: Loquat leaf contains sesquiterpene glycosides that can prevent type 2 diabetes by relieving insulin resistance and inflammation, as well as reshaping the gut microbiota.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stephanie A. Eid, Phillipe D. O'Brien, Katharina H. Kretzler, Dae-Gyu Jang, Faye E. Mendelson, John M. Hayes, Andrew Carter, Hongyu Zhang, Subramaniam Pennathur, Frank C. Brosius, Emily J. Koubek, Eva L. Feldman
Summary: Patients with type 2 diabetes often experience complications such as diabetic kidney disease and diabetic peripheral neuropathy, which lower their quality of life and increase mortality. This study examined the therapeutic efficacy of three dietary interventions in a type 2 diabetes mouse model. The interventions improved weight and glycemic status and alleviated diabetic kidney disease, but did not affect diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stephanie A. Eid, Phillipe D. O'Brien, Katharina H. Kretzler, Dae-Gyu Jang, Faye E. Mendelson, John M. Hayes, Andrew Carter, Hongyu Zhang, Subramaniam Pennathur, Frank C. C. Brosius III, Emily J. Koubek, Eva L. Feldman
Summary: Patients with type 2 diabetes often develop microvascular complications, including diabetic kidney disease and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. This study compared the effects of three dietary interventions on a type 2 diabetes mouse model and found that they improved weight and glycemic status and alleviated diabetic kidney disease, but did not impact diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Additionally, diets that decrease fat mass may be a promising non-pharmacological approach to improve diabetic peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Krystyna Pyrzynska, Aleksandra Sentkowska
Summary: Selenium plays a key role in human and animal metabolism and is associated with diabetes mellitus. However, studies on the relationship between selenium intake and diabetes risk have yielded contradictory results, which may be influenced by selenium chemical forms, intake levels, and baseline status.
BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hyung Rae Kim, Woo Kwon Jung, Su-Bin Park, Hwa Young Ryu, Yong Hwan Kim, Junghyun Kim
Summary: Polydatin, a polyphenol with antioxidant and anti-glycation activities, has been found to improve hyposalivation caused by diabetes and repair salivary gland damage.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Jing Wang, Nan Wang, Ming Qi, Jianjun Li, Bie Tan
Summary: This study investigated the effects of Gln, Glu, and Asp on intestinal morphology and energy metabolism in weaning piglets. The results showed that Gln, Glu, and Asp can restore the energy balance of intestinal mucosa in weaning piglets by regulating energy metabolism and improving intestinal morphology. However, low energy feeding may decrease their efficacy.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ying Liu, Yuan Sun, Osefame Ewaleifoh, Josh Wei, Ruifa Mi, Jing Zhu, Ahmet Hoke, Michael Polydefkis
Summary: The study shows that ethoxyquin (EQ) may exert a neuroprotective effect on peripheral nerve function in the db/db mouse model of type II diabetes, potentially by preventing diabetes-induced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) deletions.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gareth W. Davison, Rachelle E. Irwin, Colum P. Walsh
Summary: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes continues to rise globally. Lifestyle factors such as poor dietary intake and lack of exercise may contribute to disease onset and progression. Metabolic connections and epigenetic alterations play a crucial role in regulating DNA methylation and gene transcription in the context of type 2 diabetes.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Diyi Zhou, Lijun Chen, Xin Mou
Summary: Acarbose can promote the proliferation of islet beta cells and inhibit PDX-1 methylation in diabetic mice, providing a new strategy for treating T2DM.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura Mikel Mcnair, Jens Velde Andersen, Helle Sonderby Waagepetersen
Summary: This study reveals fundamental alterations in cellular energy and neurotransmitter metabolism in the aging brain, which may contribute to age-related hippocampal deficits.
NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Anna Luna Molgaard Tams, Berta Sanz-Morello, Emil Winther Westi, Zaynab Ahmad Mouhammad, Jens Velde Andersen, Kristine Karla Freude, Rupali Vohra, Jens Hannibal, Blanca Irene Aldana, Miriam Kolko
Summary: Visual changes are among the earliest symptoms observed in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Research has shown that there are pathophysiological processes occurring in the retina of AD patients and animal models, including amyloid-beta plaque formation, vascular changes, neuroinflammation, and loss of retinal ganglion cells. Studies on the 5xFAD mouse model have revealed that there may be metabolic alterations in the retina of AD, which could impact the activity and survival of retinal ganglion cells.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sandra Krull, Ana Aranda Silva, Dariya Afanasyeva, Sofie Christensen, Marta Agostinho
Summary: Postdocs are at a challenging stage in their career progression, and research organisations could offer more support to help them succeed.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Laura M. McNair, Graeme F. Mason, Golam M. Chowdhury, Lihong Jiang, Xiaoxian Ma, Douglas L. Rothman, Helle S. Waagepetersen, Kevin L. Behar
Summary: Anaplerosis, mediated by pyruvate carboxylase (PC) in astroglia, varies across different brain regions. The rate of PC contributes to oxidative glucose consumption and is positively correlated with glutamate/glutamine cycling.
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Michael Sorensen, Anne Byriel Walls, Gitte Dam, Lasse Kristoffer Bak, Jens Velde Andersen, Peter Ott, Hendrik Vilstrup, Arne Schousboe
Summary: Hepatic encephalopathy is a neuropsychiatric complication of liver failure, characterized by reduced brain energy metabolism. This reduction is likely caused by elevated GABA levels due to increased synthesis of glutamine in astrocytes for ammonia detoxification.
ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mirolyuba Ilieva, Blanca Irene Aldana, Kasper Tore Vinten, Sonja Hohmann, Thomas William Woofenden, Renate Lukjanska, Helle S. Waagepetersen, Tanja Maria Michel
Summary: The remodeling of brain morphology and proteome during embryonic development, along with its connection to cellular metabolism, could be crucial in understanding the pathological mechanisms of certain neurodevelopmental disorders. Cerebral organoids derived from autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients were used to capture key moments in neuronal development and investigate metabolism and protein expression. The early stages of development, particularly when neurogenesis begins, were found to be critical in ASD pathogenesis. Differences in energy metabolism and proteome were observed, including increased glycolysis, decreased ATP production, and altered expression of cell adhesion proteins, cell cycle regulators, cytoskeletal proteins, and transcription factors. Furthermore, a cluster analysis based on differential protein expression identified potential biomarkers that could be explored for drug development.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jens Andersen, Arne Schousboe
Summary: Glutamine plays an essential role in cerebral metabolism, including ammonia homeostasis, energy metabolism, and neurotransmitter recycling. The balance of cerebral glutamine is regulated by the metabolic coupling of neurons and astrocytes, and disruptions in this balance are associated with various neurological diseases. Decreased astrocyte glutamine synthesis can lead to a deficiency in metabolic substrates and precursors for neurotransmitter synthesis in neurons, resulting in synaptic dysfunction.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jens Andersen, Emil W. Westi, Elliott S. Neal, Blanca Aldana, Karin Borges
Summary: Ketogenic diets and medium-chain triglycerides play important roles in the treatment of neurological disorders, with their metabolites serving as auxiliary brain fuels in different cell types without notable competition.
NEUROCHEMICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Karthik Rajasekaran, Qian Ma, Levi B. Good, Gauri Kathote, Vikram Jakkamsetti, Peiying Liu, Adrian Avila, Sharon Primeaux, Julio Enciso Alva, Kia H. Markussen, Isaac Marin-Valencia, Deepa Sirsi, Peter M. S. Hacker, Matthew S. Gentry, Jianzhong Su, Hanzhang Lu, Juan M. Pascual
Summary: Individuals with glucose transporter type I deficiency (G1D) often experience nutrient-responsive epilepsy associated with decreased brain glucose. Study found that EEG in G1D individuals showed nutrition time-dependent seizure oscillations, with the thalamus-sensorimotor cortex being identified as a potential circuit. F-18-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-18-DG-PET) indicated decreased glucose accumulation in this circuit. Experimental results in G1D mice supported this finding.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jens V. Andersen, Arne Schousboe, Petrine Wellendorph
Summary: Synaptic regulation of GABA, the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter, is crucial for brain function. Astrocytes play fundamental roles in regulating synaptic GABA signaling by removing excess GABA from the synapse and using it as a metabolic substrate for glutamine synthesis. The flow of GABA and glutamine between neurons and astrocytes, known as the GABA-glutamine cycle, is essential for maintaining inhibitory signaling.
ESSAYS IN BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jens V. Andersen, Arne Schousboe
Summary: Since the recognition of glutamate and GABA as principal neurotransmitters, significant discoveries have been made about their synaptic homeostasis. The glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle, involving the recycling between neurons and astrocytes, plays a crucial role in maintaining synaptic transmission. The metabolic function of neurons and astrocytes is closely related to the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle, with astrocytes providing metabolic support for neurons. The review focuses on cellular uptake, metabolism, and recycling of glutamate and GABA, as well as their role in brain pathology and the potential of targeting astrocyte metabolism for intervention.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jens V. Andersen, Emil W. Westi, Nane Griem-Krey, Niels H. Skotte, Arne Schousboe, Blanca I. Aldana, Petrine Wellendorph
Summary: This study investigated the role of CaMKIIa in brain energy and neurotransmitter metabolism using a genetic knockout mouse model. The results showed that the oxidative metabolism of glucose in the cerebral cortex was significantly reduced in the absence of CaMKIIa, while the metabolism of acetate, primarily reflecting astrocyte metabolism, was unaffected. Additionally, the metabolism of glutamate in the excitatory system was impaired, while the metabolism of GABA was unaffected. These findings suggest that CaMKIIa signaling plays a metabolic role in cellular energy and neurotransmitter metabolism in the brain.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Emil W. Westi, Jens Andersen, Blanca I. Aldana
Summary: Disrupted brain metabolism is crucial for neurodegenerative diseases, and the energy metabolism of neurons and astrocytes through the glutamate/GABA-glutamine cycle plays a vital role in neurotransmitter recycling. Isotope tracing, a technique to monitor cellular metabolism, has helped elucidate the mechanistic involvement of altered brain metabolism in disease progression. This review discusses the advantages, drawbacks, and applications of isotope tracing in different cerebral preparations and narrates how it has facilitated the discovery of central metabolic features in neurodegeneration, particularly in the metabolic cooperation between neurons and astrocytes.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kia H. Markussen, Manuela Corti, Barry J. Byrne, Craig W. Vander Kooi, Ramon C. Sun, Matthew S. Gentry
Summary: This review discusses the primary role of glycogen in carbohydrate storage and energy metabolism in the liver and muscle, as well as its critical metabolic and non-metabolic roles in the brain. Perturbed glycogen functions are observed in various brain disorders, including neurological glycogen storage diseases. The study of glycogen and its treatment strategies is of great significance for human diseases.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura Mikel Mcnair, Jens Velde Andersen, Helle Sonderby Waagepetersen
Summary: This study reveals fundamental alterations in cellular energy and neurotransmitter metabolism in the aging brain, which may contribute to age-related hippocampal deficits.
NEUROCHEMISTRY INTERNATIONAL
(2023)