Article
Engineering, Environmental
Fabian Diaz, Damien Latacz, Bernd Friedrich
Summary: This study focuses on the recycling of Shredder Light Fraction (SLF) from Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) using pyrolysis treatment. The research successfully recovered valuable metals from SLF and transformed it into a valuable product for industrial use. Additionally, the study found that the non-condensable gas produced during pyrolysis has potential as an alternative energy source or reducing agent.
Review
Energy & Fuels
K. Radhakrishnan, P. Senthil Kumar, Gayathri Rangasamy, L. Praveen Perumal, S. Sanaulla, S. Nilavendhan, V. Manivasagan, K. Saranya
Summary: Plastic production has increased globally, leading to the disposal of plastic waste in landfills or scattered, posing health and environmental risks. Converting plastic waste into fuels or other options is a more sustainable waste management approach than landfill dumping. Effective plastic waste disposal is crucial due to the long degradation time of plastic.
Article
Polymer Science
S. Klaimy, J-F Lamonier, M. Casetta, S. Heymans, S. Duquesne
Summary: This study demonstrates the importance of aromatic compounds formation in the pyrolysis of plastic waste, whether it is done individually or in mixtures. The mixture pyrolysis results in a higher quantity of aromatic compounds and a decrease in the amount of waxy compounds, suggesting that sorting may not be necessary for effective plastic waste recovery through pyrolysis.
POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Minh Man Trinh, Moo Been Chang
Summary: This study investigated the combination of water washing and catalysis in the pyrolysis process, finding that at 350 degrees Celsius, this method can reduce the concentrations of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs, enabling the reuse of MSW fly ash.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Dhiya Durani Sofian Azizi, Marlia M. Hanafiah, Kok Sin Woon
Summary: Recently, there has been significant interest in the material flow analysis (MFA) of waste from electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) as a decision-making tool for sustainable WEEE management. However, there is a lack of review studies on the development of MFA in WEEE management. In this study, 115 MFA studies published between 2010 and 2022 were analyzed to provide an overview of research progress and recommendations for future studies. The analysis revealed an increase in MFA studies in major OECD nations, but limited research in concentrated areas of WEEE, particularly in non-OECD countries. Furthermore, there is a lack of studies addressing uncertainty analysis, circular economy, and life cycle analysis in MFA research.
Article
Thermodynamics
Bijoy Kumar Mondal, Falguni Guha, Md. Nurul Abser
Summary: Waste plastics are a chronic environmental threat due to disposal issues. Without a sustainable technology for waste plastic conversion, it will spread across the planet and harm the ecosystem.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Olanrewaju S. Shittu, Ian D. Williams, Peter J. Shaw
Summary: The review highlights the importance of effective waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) management in contributing to Sustainable Development Goals and a circular economy. It discusses current global trends in WEEE generation, legislation, and policies, as well as future scenarios. Key concerns include stockpiling of WEEE devices and challenges in regulation and enforcement. Recommendations for improving global WEEE management include incorporating circular economy principles, extending legislation, and harmonizing key terms and definitions.
Article
Thermodynamics
Ki-Bum Park, Min-Jun Choi, Da-Yeong Chae, Jaeheum Jung, Joo-Sik Kim
Summary: In this study, two different pyrolysis methods were used to investigate the pyrolysis of waste plastics and analyze the effect of thermal pretreatment on chlorine removal and product composition. The results showed that the two-step pyrolysis could effectively remove organic chlorine and obtain an oil rich in aromatics.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Francisco Ortega, Maria Angeles Martin-Lara, Hector J. Pula, Montserrat Zamorano, Monica Calero, Gabriel Blazquez
Summary: This research aims to develop a new strategy to convert wasted COVID-19 masks into useful products through chemical recycling by pyrolysis. The results showed that pyrolysis at different temperatures yielded valuable solid (biochar), liquid (biooil), and syngas products. By using a two-stage pyrolysis catalytic reactor with sepiolite as a catalyst, the final yield of syngas product increased and the composition of biooils changed. The study also examined the effect of sepiolite regeneration on consecutive pyrolysis tests.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Manigandan Sekar, Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, Sandro Nizetic, T. R. Praveenkumar
Summary: The paper reviews the new progress, challenges, and barriers on production of pyrolysis oil from plastic waste. Thermal and catalytic processes are potential methods to produce oil, with discussion on advantages and fuel characteristics. Application of pyrolysis oil on diesel engines and its impact on combustion and emission characteristics are also discussed.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Joanna Willner, Agnieszka Fornalczyk, Magdalena Jablonska-Czapla, Katarzyna Grygoyc, Marzena Rachwal
Summary: This article highlights the issue of metals such as germanium, tellurium, and thallium in waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). The study found that these metals are concentrated in the finest fractions of e-waste and may migrate in the form of dust during storage and processing. The presence of these metals poses potential environmental risks as the demand for new technologies and TECs increases.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Um-e-Salma Amjad, Arshia Tajjamal, Anwar Ul-Hamid, Abrar Faisal, Lubna Sherin, Amna Mir, Maria Mustafa, Nabeel Ahmad, Murid Hussain, Young-Kwon Park, Syed Ammar Hussain Zaidi
Summary: The catalytic cracking of polystyrene pyrolysis oil was investigated using Nb2O5 and NiO/Nb2O5 catalysts in a fixed bed reactor. It was found that both catalysts were able to convert dimers in the pyrolysis oil to monomers, with slightly higher activity observed for the NiO/Nb2O5 catalyst. Increasing the temperature positively affected the yield of gases during the catalytic cracking process.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Abhishek Kumar Awasthi, Eleni Iacovidou, Mrigendra Kumar Awasthi, Michael Johnson, Keshav Parajuly, Min Zhao, Saket Mishra, Akhilesh Kumar Pandey
Summary: E-waste is a rapidly growing waste stream that contains both hazardous components and valuable resources. Developing countries face challenges in managing e-waste due to lack of infrastructure and reliance on informal sector. There is an urgent need to design better framework for e-waste management and help these countries improve recycling and disposal facilities.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ningbo Gao, Mwenya Humphrey Milandile, Ayesha Tariq Sipra, Sheng Su, Norbert Miskolczi, Cui Quan
Summary: This study developed a new catalyst to produce syngas through the co-pyrolysis of municipal solid waste and biomass. It offers a sustainable approach to waste management and energy production by utilizing valuable resources and reducing the concentration of complex compounds and heavy hydrocarbons.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Andreas Eschenbacher, Robin John Varghese, Evangelos Delikonstantis, Oleksii Mynko, Farnoosh Goodarzi, Kasper Enemark-Rasmussen, Jogchum Oenema, Mehrdad Seifali Abbas-Abadi, Georgios D. Stefanidis, Kevin M. Van Geem
Summary: The catalytic fast pyrolysis of polyolefinic waste streams was studied to recover valuable base chemicals with high selectivity. Different properties of HZSM-5 zeolite, such as Si/Al, mesoporosity, phosphorus stabilization, and steaming, were tested and characterized. The modified HZSM-5 variants demonstrated better stability and high olefin selectivity. The direct olefin production route showed lower energy input and environmental burden compared to other waste treatment methods like pyrolytic oil steam cracking and waste incineration.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
M. Canditelli, L. M. Cafiero, C. M. Cellamare, P. G. Landolfo, S. Manzo, M. R. Montereali, A. Salluzzo, S. Schiavo, R. Tuffi
Summary: The study showed that lightweight CBBs can be effectively managed in composting facilities without causing visual contamination of the final compost with bioplastic residues, as long as the conditions are appropriate for their degradation. Compliance with stability, environmental, and agronomic parameters was also confirmed.
WASTE AND BIOMASS VALORIZATION
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Giorgia De Gioannis, Alessandro Dell'Era, Aldo Muntoni, Mauro Pasquali, Alessandra Polettini, Raffaella Pomi, Andreina Rossi, Tatiana Zonfa
Summary: This study investigated the performance of a novel integrated bio-electrochemical system for synergistic hydrogen production from a process combining a dark fermentation reactor and a galvanic cell. The study found that the integrated system achieved a 3 times improvement in hydrogen yield compared to the biochemical process.
CLEAN TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Anna Maria Cardinale, Stefano Vecchio Ciprioti, Marco Fortunato, Michelina Catauro
Summary: This work focuses on studying the thermal behavior and antibacterial properties of a MgAl-CO3 layered double hydroxide. The compound exhibits high efficiency in removing chromium (VI) from contaminated industrial wastewater and shows no inhibitory effect on the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Thermal analysis reveals a two-stage water removal process and significant interaction between water and the compound.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Michelina Catauro, Antonio D'Angeleo, Marika Fiorentino, Severina Pacifico, Alessandro Latini, Sergio Brutti, Stefano Vecchio Ciprioti
Summary: This study characterizes organic-inorganic silica-based hybrid materials with different compositions of quercetin and polyethylene glycol. The materials were characterized using various techniques and tested for antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity. The results showed interaction between the components of the materials, presence of oxidized quercetin, and thermal behavior up to 800 degrees C. The antibacterial tests demonstrated a decrease in bacterial growth with higher contents of polyethylene glycol. Entrapping quercetin in hybrids at high polyethylene glycol content resulted in materials with biocompatibility and reduced cytotoxic effects.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Orlando Palone, Arian Hoxha, Gabriele Guglielmo Gagliardi, Francesca Di Gruttola, Stefano Stendardo, Domenico Borello
Summary: One promising pathway for carbon capture and utilization is the coupling of chemical looping cycles with liquid fuel synthesis processes. This study investigates the production of methanol from syngas generated by a three-reactors chemical looping process.
JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Antonio Di Nardo, Giorgio Calchetti, Andrea Di Carlo, Stefano Stendardo
Summary: This work presents the modelling and simulation results of a bubbling fluidized bed reactor using CPFD method. The reactor, installed in ENEA ZECOMIX research infrastructure, performs Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) and CO2 capture via solid sorbents. The study focuses on the Sorption Enhanced Steam Methane Reforming (SE-SMR) process, where steam methane reforming is coupled with high temperature CO2 sorption and calcium looping (CaL) process for increased H2 yield. The numerical analysis and sensitivity study conducted in this paper serve as valuable support for experimental activities.
COMPUTERS & CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Erwin Ciro, Alessandro Dell'Era, Arda Hatunoglu, Enrico Bocci, Luca Del Zotto
Summary: In this study, the capture of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) from biofuel syngas was investigated using a kinetic deactivation model. The effect of operating conditions on adsorption performance and the influence of particle sorbents on other reactions were analyzed. Breakthrough curves were plotted and fitted to obtain the H2S adsorption capacity and thermodynamic analysis. The activation energy and thermodynamic parameters were calculated using the Arrhenius and Eyring-Polanyi expressions. Additionally, a mathematical analysis was performed to determine the diffusion coefficient and kinetic reaction constant of H2S gas within ZnO particles.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sasa Papuga, Milica Djurdjevic, Andrea Ciccioli, Stefano Vecchio Ciprioti
Summary: The latest findings and limitations in catalytic pyrolysis for the processing of plastic waste into valuable fuels are addressed in this review. Catalytic pyrolysis provides better results compared to thermal degradation of plastics, especially in terms of the quality of the obtained liquid hydrocarbon fuel. Various types of catalysts, such as zeolites, fluid catalytic cracking, silica-alumina catalysts, and natural clays, can be used to improve the thermal degradation of plastics. Finding affordable and effective catalysts is crucial for the commercialization of catalytic pyrolysis of plastic waste. This study summarizes the most significant results and investigates the symmetry effects of molecules on the pyrolysis process.
Editorial Material
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Alessandro DellEra
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Claudio Carbone, Daniele Ferrario, Andrea Lanzini, Vittorio Verda, Alessandro Agostini, Stefano Stendardo
Summary: The study investigates the potential of the Carbon Looping process (CaL) to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the steelmaking industry. The results show that the direct reduction process and electric arc furnace (DR-EAF) have lower GHG emissions compared to the blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF). The adoption of CaL technology in BF-BOF can reduce GHG emissions by up to 66%. The study also highlights the importance of the circularity of CaL technology to reduce and reuse spent materials for CO2 sequestration.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GREENHOUSE GAS CONTROL
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Daniele Ferrario, Stefano Stendardo, Vittorio Verda, Andrea Lanzini
Summary: The cement industry is responsible for 6-7% of global anthropogenic CO2 emissions and needs to be decarbonized to meet international greenhouse gas emission goals. This study explores the feasibility of using a solar-driven calcium looping (CaL) process for carbon capture in a cement plant. Through detailed process modeling and energy analysis, the performance of the system is evaluated. It is estimated that implementing solar-driven CaL technology in a cement plant could reduce CO2 emissions by over 90%.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Antonio Di Nardo, Elisa Savuto, Giorgio Calchetti, Stefano Stendardo
Summary: Sorption enhanced steam methane reforming (SE-SMR) is a technology that combines steam methane reforming with CO2 capture, resulting in enhanced hydrogen yield under more favorable thermodynamic conditions. Bifunctional sorbent-catalyst particles are used for stability over multiple cycles and integration of the endothermic methane reforming and exothermic CO2 capture. The process is operated in a dual fluidized bed reactor (DFB) for sorbent regeneration through high temperature calcination, increasing productivity and optimization.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicola Lisi, Umberto Pasqual Laverdura, Rosa Chierchia, Igor Luisetto, Stefano Stendardo
Summary: A novel dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor has been designed for energy efficient use and valorization of carbon dioxide. Preliminary studies have shown that tuning the plasma operating parameters can improve conversion rate, energy efficiency and the trade-off curve.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Marco Cocchi, Lorenzo Cafiero, Doina De Angelis, Maria Beatrice Falasconi, Vincenzo Piemonte, Riccardo Tuffi, Stefano Vecchio Ciprioti
Summary: Valuable hydrocarbon oil and gas can be produced from marine plastic litter (MPL) through thermal, catalytic pyrolysis. The low-cost H-X zeolite synthesized from coal fly ash showed better degradation performance compared to the two commercial zeolites commonly used in the industrial cracking field.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Review
Polymer Science
Giuseppina Barra, Liberata Guadagno, Marialuigia Raimondo, Maria Gabriella Santonicola, Elisa Toto, Stefano Vecchio Ciprioti
Summary: This review article provides a comprehensive survey of the thermal stability assessment of polymers and polymer-based composites in the aeronautical and space fields, including factors, applications, and future directions.