Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mikal Jacob Hole, Kristin Kaasen Jorgensen, Kristian Holm, Peder R. Braadland, Malin Holm Meyer-Myklestad, Asle Wilhelm Medhus, Dag Henrik Reikvam, Alexandra Gotz, Krzysztof Grzyb, Kirsten Muri Boberg, Tom Hemming Karlsen, Martin Kummen, Johannes R. Hov
Summary: This study investigated the characteristics of the gut microbiota in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and found several features associated with PSC, including an expansion of Proteobacteria and increased variability. Furthermore, certain genera and the presence of the pathobiont Klebsiella were associated with reduced survival in PSC patients, and concomitant inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was associated with reduced levels of Akkermansia.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Johannes R. Hov, Tom H. Karlsen
Summary: This Review explores the links between Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and the mechanisms related to the gut-liver axis. It is found that the gut microbiota in people with PSC differs from that of healthy individuals, but the specific microbial factors that differentiate PSC from IBD without PSC are poorly understood. The potential existence of a specific unknown factor related to the gut-liver axis as a cause of PSC is postulated.
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Damjana Bogatic, Robert Bryant, Kate D. Lynch, Samuel P. Costello
Summary: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a progressive liver disease with poor prognosis and no effective therapies to prevent progression. This study evaluated potential medical therapies that may exert their effects in PSC by modulation of the gut-liver axis.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Qiaoyan Liu, Bo Li, Yikang Li, Yiran Wei, Bingyuan Huang, Jubo Liang, Zhengrui You, You Li, Qiwei Qian, Rui Wang, Jun Zhang, Ruiling Chen, Zhuwan Lyu, Yong Chen, Mingxia Shi, Xiao Xiao, Qixia Wang, Qi Miao, Jing-Yuan Fang, Merrill Eric Gershwin, Min Lian, Xiong Ma, Ruqi Tang
Summary: Comparative analysis of gut microbiome and metabolome in IgG4-SC and PSC patients revealed distinct host-microbe interactions that may contribute to disease pathogenesis, highlighting the uniqueness of IgG4-SC.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Agnes Wittek, Babett Steglich, Christian Casar, Oliver Seiz, Philipp Huber, Hanno Ehlken, Dominik Reher, Sandra Wende, Tanja Bedke, Jan Kempski, Marius Boettcher, Corinna Bang, Louise Thingholm, Till Krech, Ansgar W. Lohse, Guido Sauter, Thomas Roesch, Andre Franke, Christoph Schramm, Nicola Gagliani, Penelope Pelczar, Samuel Huber
Summary: It is found that patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) have a gradient of intestinal inflammation, even in the absence of clinically manifest inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This has implications for their therapy and the surveillance of colorectal cancer.
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Omar Y. Mousa, Brian D. Juran, Bryan M. McCauley, Mette N. Vesterhus, Trine Folseraas, Coleman T. Turgeon, Ahmad H. Ali, Erik M. Schlicht, Elizabeth J. Atkinson, Chang Hu, Denise Harnois, Elizabeth J. Carey, Andrea A. Gossard, Devin Oglesbee, John E. Eaton, Nicholas F. LaRusso, Gregory J. Gores, Tom H. Karlsen, Konstantinos N. Lazaridis
Summary: In patients with PSC, alterations in plasma BA consistent with cholestasis, UDCA treatment, and IBD were observed. BA profiles were able to predict future hepatic decompensation, demonstrating the clinical potential of BA profiling for use in clinical trials.
Article
Immunology
Ruslan A. Mammadov, Jasmijn W. Selten, Henk P. Roest, Cornelia J. Verhoeven, Luca Maroni, Sandra I. Bril, Dagmar Tolenaars, Pravesh S. Gadjradj, Stan F. J. van de Graaf, Ronald P. J. Oude Elferink, Jaap Kwekkeboom, Herold J. Metselaar, Maikel P. Peppelenbosch, Ulrich Beuers, Jan N. M. IJzermans, Luc J. W. van der Laan
Summary: In this study, it was found that there is a potential link between intestinal bacteremia and rPSC after LT, which is related to the nonsecretor variant of the FUT2 gene.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Daniel E. Radford-Smith, Emmanuel A. Selvaraj, Rory Peters, Michael Orrell, Jonathan Bolon, Daniel C. Anthony, Michael Pavlides, Kate Lynch, Alessandra Geremia, Adam Bailey, Emma L. Culver, Fay Probert
Summary: Serum metabolomic profiling has the potential to accurately distinguish between PSC and IgG4-SC, improve the diagnosis of IgG4-RD, and differentiate IgG4-SC from PSC.
LIVER INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mercedes Martinez, Emily R. Perito, Pamela Valentino, Cara L. Mack, Madeleine Aumar, Annemarie Broderick, Laura G. Draijer, Eleonora D. T. Fagundes, Katryn N. Furuya, Nitika Gupta, Simon Horslen, Maureen M. Jonas, Binita M. Kamath, Nanda Kerkar, Kyung Mo Kim, Kaija-Leena Kolho, Bart G. P. Koot, Trevor J. Laborda, Christine K. Lee, Kathleen M. Loomes, Tamir Miloh, Douglas Mogul, Saeed Mohammed, Nadia Ovchinsky, Girish Rao, Amanda Ricciuto, Alexandre Rodrigues Ferreira, Kathleen B. Schwarz, Vratislav Smolka, Atsushi Tanaka, Mary E. M. Tessier, Venna L. Venkat, Bernadette E. Vitola, Marek Woynarowski, Melissa Zerofsky, Mark R. Deneau
Summary: This retrospective study evaluated risk factors for rPSC in 140 children and found that patients with rPSC were younger at LT, had faster progression from PSC diagnosis to LT, and had a higher prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease. rPSC subjects experienced more episodes of acute rejection, complications of portal hypertension, and higher mortality rates post-LT.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Federica Del Chierico, Sabrina Cardile, Valerio Baldelli, Tommaso Alterio, Sofia Reddel, Matteo Bramuzzo, Daniela Knafelz, Sara Lega, Fiammetta Bracci, Giuliano Torre, Giuseppe Maggiore, Lorenza Putignani
Summary: This study reveals the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and mycobiota in pediatric patients with PSC-UC, showing an increase in pro-inflammatory pathobionts and a reduction in anti-inflammatory commensals.
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Baorong Jiang, Gehui Yuan, Jialin Wu, Qian Wu, Lei Li, Ping Jiang
Summary: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic liver disease characterized by bile duct inflammation and dysbiosis of gut microbiota. The abundance of Prevotella copri (P. copri) is significantly decreased in PSC patients, suggesting a potential protective effect. In this study, a PSC mouse model was established and intervention with P. copri was found to improve cholestasis and liver fibrosis by enhancing the FXR-related signalling pathway. This suggests that P. copri intervention may be a potential biological treatment for PSC.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Fuat H. Saner, Alexandra Frey, Bjoern-Ole Stueben, Dieter P. Hoyer, Katharina Willuweit, Martina Daniel, Jassin Rashidi-Alavieh, Jurgen W. Treckmann, Hartmut H. Schmidt
Summary: In this retrospective study of 82 patients who underwent liver transplantation for primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), the authors assessed morbidity, survival rates, PSC recurrence, and the impact of donor characteristics in long-term follow-up. The study showed that PSC patients had excellent 10-year survival rates and a lower lab-MELD score was associated with longer survival. Donor characteristics did not affect patient survival.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Ramon Cortez, Luana N. Moreira, Marina Padilha, Mariana D. Bibas, Ricardo K. Toma, Gilda Porta, Carla R. Taddei
Summary: Studies have shown that the composition of intestinal microbiome in pediatric patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is influenced by disease, age, and disease activity status, highlighting significant differences in microbiome between PSC patients. Specific genera Veillonella and Megasphaera have increased relative abundance depending on age at diagnosis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Y. Lapidot, A. Amir, S. Ben-Simon, E. Veitsman, O. Cohen-Ezra, Y. Davidov, P. Weiss, T. Bradichevski, S. Segev, O. Koren, Z. Ben-Ari, M. Safran
Summary: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic liver disease often associated with inflammatory bowel disease. This study found that the salivary microbiome of PSC patients differs significantly from healthy controls, regardless of the presence of concurrent IBD. The dysbiotic signature in PSC includes both a reduction in beneficial bacteria and an increase in pathogenic bacteria, with oral bacteria potentially invading the gut. These findings may have implications for the development of biomarkers for early diagnosis or personalized medicine in PSC.
HEPATOLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Burcin Oezdirik, Tobias Mueller, Alexander Wree, Frank Tacke, Michael Sigal
Summary: PSC is an immune-related cholangiopathy associated with high progression rates to end-stage liver disease and risk of various cancers. Emerging evidence suggests a link between gut microbiota and disease pathogenesis, with studies showing differences in the gut microbiome of PSC patients compared to healthy individuals and those with IBD. Further research is needed to understand the role of gut microbiota in PSC and related malignancies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Malin Holm Meyer-Myklestad, Asle Wilhelm Medhus, Kristina Berg Lorvik, Ingebjorg Seljeflot, Simen Hyll Hansen, Kristian Holm, Birgitte Stiksrud, Marius Troseid, Johannes Roksund Hov, Dag Kvale, Anne Margarita Dyrhol-Riise, Martin Kummen, Dag Henrik Reikvam
Summary: Restricted to the colon, enterocyte damage and mucosal immune dysfunction play a role for insufficient immune reconstitution in HIV infection independent of the gut microbiota.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Laura Valestrand, Fei Zheng, Simen H. Hansen, Jonas Ogaard, Johannes R. Hov, Niklas K. Bjorkstrom, Tom H. Karlsen, Xiaojun Jiang, Espen Melum
Summary: This study found that bile from patients with PSC may contain antigens that activate MAIT cells. Data from sequencing analysis suggested a higher abundance of ribD gene expression in bile samples that could activate MAIT cells. Furthermore, it was observed that cholangiocytes could take up and present biliary antigens to MAIT cells. These findings reveal a pathophysiological pathway connecting the immune system and the microbiome in PSC.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Malin Holm Meyer-Myklestad, Asle W. Medhus, Birgitte Stiksrud, Kristina B. Lorvik, Ingebjorg Seljeflot, Simen H. Hansen, Kristian Holm, Johannes R. Hov, Dag Kvale, Anne Margarita Dyrhol-Riise, Martin Kummen, Marius Troseid, Dag Henrik Reikvam
Summary: The study found that probiotic intervention induced specific changes in the terminal ileum of HIV-infected immunological nonresponders (INRs), but did not affect systemic CD4 counts. Further clinical studies are needed to recommend probiotics for INRs.
JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Muyiwa Awoniyi, Jeremy Wang, Billy Ngo, Vik Meadows, Jason Tam, Amba Viswanathan, Yunjia Lai, Stephanie Montgomery, Morgan Farmer, Martin Kummen, Louise Thingholm, Christoph Schramm, Corinna Bang, Andre Franke, Kun Lu, Huiping Zhou, Jasmohan S. Bajaj, Phillip B. Hylemon, Jenny Ting, Yury Popov, Johannes Roksund Hov, Heather L. Francis, Ryan Balfour Sartor
Summary: By studying the microbial composition in germ-free and antibiotic-treated mice and PSC patients, we identified different bacterial species with functional protective and detrimental effects in these animals and patients, which are associated with clinical risk scores. These findings are important for the development of personalized therapeutic approaches.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mikal Jacob Hole, Kristin Kaasen Jorgensen, Kristian Holm, Peder R. Braadland, Malin Holm Meyer-Myklestad, Asle Wilhelm Medhus, Dag Henrik Reikvam, Alexandra Gotz, Krzysztof Grzyb, Kirsten Muri Boberg, Tom Hemming Karlsen, Martin Kummen, Johannes R. Hov
Summary: This study investigated the characteristics of the gut microbiota in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and found several features associated with PSC, including an expansion of Proteobacteria and increased variability. Furthermore, certain genera and the presence of the pathobiont Klebsiella were associated with reduced survival in PSC patients, and concomitant inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) was associated with reduced levels of Akkermansia.
Article
Allergy
Mari Kaarbo, Mingyi Yang, Johannes R. Hov, Kristian Holm, Mirta Mittelstedt Leal de Sousa, Magnhild E. Macpherson, Henrik M. Reims, Anne-Marte Bakken Kran, Bente Halvorsen, Tom H. Karlsen, Pal Aukrust, Knut E. A. Lundin, Borre Fevang, Magner Bjoras, Silje Fjellgard Jorgensen
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the role of the duodenal microenvironment in the pathogenesis of duodenal inflammation in CVID. The findings suggest altered functions of the duodenal epithelium, particularly in response to lipopolysaccharide and viruses. Viruses, rather than gluten sensitivity, could be related to duodenal inflammation in CVID.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ayodeji Awoyemi, Johannes R. Hov, Marius Troseid
CIRCULATION-HEART FAILURE
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Johannes R. Hov, Tom H. Karlsen
Summary: This Review explores the links between Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and the mechanisms related to the gut-liver axis. It is found that the gut microbiota in people with PSC differs from that of healthy individuals, but the specific microbial factors that differentiate PSC from IBD without PSC are poorly understood. The potential existence of a specific unknown factor related to the gut-liver axis as a cause of PSC is postulated.
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Flora Mikaeloff, Marco Gelpi, Rui Benfeitas, Andreas D. Knudsen, Beate Vestad, Julie Hogh, Johannes R. Hov, Thomas Benfield, Daniel Murray, Christian G. Giske, Adil Mardinoglu, Marius Troseid, Susanne D. Nielsen, Ujjwal Neogi, Niel Hens
Summary: Multiomics technologies were used to stratify and characterize the metabolic risk profile in people living with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy. Through network analysis and similarity network fusion (SNF), three groups of PWH were identified: healthy-like, mild at-risk, and severe at-risk. PWH in the severe at-risk group had a high incidence of metabolic syndrome and dysregulated metabolic traits, despite having higher CD4(+) T-cell counts. The microbiome profile differed between the healthy-like group and the at-risk groups, potentially contributing to systemic inflammation and cardiometabolic risk.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Marius Troseid, Jan Cato Holter, Kristian Holm, Beate Vestad, Taisiia Sazonova, Beathe K. Granerud, Anne Ma Dyrhol-Riise, Aleksander R. Holten, Kristian Tonby, Anders Benjamin Kildal, Lars Heggelund, Anders Tveita, Simen Boe, Karl Erik Muller, Synne Jenum, Johannes R. Hov, Thor Ueland
Summary: The gut microbiota of hospitalized COVID-19 patients is altered, with reduced diversity and a different composition in those requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. This altered gut microbiota is associated with ICU admission and 60-day mortality. These findings suggest that gut microbiota alterations during hospitalization may be related to poor prognosis in severe COVID-19.
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mikal Jacob Hole, Kristin Kaasen Jorgensen, Peder Rustoen Braadland, Kristian Holm, Kirsten M. Boberg, Tom H. Karlsen, Martin Kummen Kummen, Johannes R. Hov
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Peder Rustoen Braadland, Kai Markus Schneider, Annika Bergquist, Antonio Molinaro, Anita Lovgren-Sandblom, Marcus Henricsson, Tom Hemming Karlsen, Mette Vesterhus, Christian Trautwein, Johannes Roksund Hov, Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
Summary: The synthesis of bile acids in PSC patients is associated with therapeutic efficacy, and reduced bile acid synthesis is associated with decreased liver transplantation-free survival. In some patients, bile acid synthesis may be fully suppressed, making further pharmacological intervention futile.
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Markus Jordens, Tom Hemming Karlsen, Espen Melum, Johannes R. Hov, Brian K. Chung
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kristin Jorgensen, Adity Chopra, Joseph Sexton, Anne T. Tveter, Johannes R. Hov, Ingrid Jyssum, Lise Sofie H. Nissen-Meyer, John T. Vaage, Silje W. Syversen, Guro L. Goll, Fridtjof Lund-Johansen, Jorgen Jahnsen
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Mikal Jacob Hole, Kristin Jorgensen, Kristian Holm, Malin Holm Meyer-Myklestad, Asle Wilhelm Medhus, Dag Henrik Reikvam, Alexandra Gotz, Krzysztof Grzyb, Kirsten Muri Boberg, Tom Hemming Karlsen, Martin Kummen, Johannes R. Hov
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2022)