Article
Chemistry, Physical
Andreas Eschenbacher, Robin John Varghese, Evangelos Delikonstantis, Oleksii Mynko, Farnoosh Goodarzi, Kasper Enemark-Rasmussen, Jogchum Oenema, Mehrdad Seifali Abbas-Abadi, Georgios D. Stefanidis, Kevin M. Van Geem
Summary: The catalytic fast pyrolysis of polyolefinic waste streams was studied to recover valuable base chemicals with high selectivity. Different properties of HZSM-5 zeolite, such as Si/Al, mesoporosity, phosphorus stabilization, and steaming, were tested and characterized. The modified HZSM-5 variants demonstrated better stability and high olefin selectivity. The direct olefin production route showed lower energy input and environmental burden compared to other waste treatment methods like pyrolytic oil steam cracking and waste incineration.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Francisco J. Vela, Roberto Palos, Juan Rafael Garcia, Ulises Sedran, Javier Bilbao, Jose M. Arandes, Alazne Gutierrez
Summary: The modification of a bifunctional PtPd/HY catalyst through desilication can improve the hydrocracking of waste plastics, resulting in increased fuel production and reduced coke formation.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Dureem Munir, Muhammad R. Usman
Summary: This study successfully converted waste plastic into high-value liquid fuels using micro-mesoporous HZSM-5 catalysts, and the best performing catalyst showed great potential for commercial applications.
JOURNAL OF POROUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sibao Liu, Pavel A. Kots, Brandon C. Vance, Andrew Danielson, Dionisios G. Vlachos
Summary: The study reports an effective method to convert polyolefins into liquid fuels, including diesel, jet, and gasoline-range hydrocarbons, with a high yield of up to 85%. This process involves tandem catalysis, conducted under hydrogen, providing an efficient way to recycle and utilize plastic waste.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Pallabi Sinha Roy, Gil Garnier, Florent Allais, Kei Saito
Summary: Plastic waste, a major source of pollution, can be effectively reduced through upcycling techniques to create high-value materials and mitigate the environmental impact and production costs.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bernhard M. Stadler, Johannes G. de Vries
Summary: With the rise in polymer production, there is also an increase in plastic waste, however, only a small fraction is recycled. Chemical upcycling may help mitigate this issue.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Mohamed Shaker, Vikash Kumar, Christopher M. Saffron, Muhammad Rabnawaz
Summary: Chemical recycling is an effective way to recycle contaminated and mixed plastics waste. This study reports two important discoveries: the use of table salt for the low temperature pyrolysis of mixed polyolefins, which significantly increases oil and gas contents without producing undesirable wax, and the successful pyrolysis of metallized plastics using table salt. These findings suggest that table salt can be a transformative approach for inexpensive and efficient pyrolysis of mixed plastics waste.
ADVANCED SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Mingyu Chu, Yu Liu, Xiangxi Lou, Qiao Zhang, Jinxing Chen
Summary: This article highlights the urgent need for a deep understanding of the relationship between polymer structure and recycling performance in order to combat the global environmental crisis caused by plastic pollution. It discusses the development and challenges of chemical re/upcycling of waste PET and polyolefins, as well as prospects for innovations in catalyst synthesis and reaction engineering. The article concludes with a brief perspective on the future of plastic re/upcycling.
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Jie Jiang, Ke Shi, Xiangnan Zhang, Kai Yu, Hong Zhang, Jing He, Yun Ju, Jilin Liu
Summary: Chemical recycling has become a preferred method for recycling plastic waste due to its ability to convert plastic waste into high-value products. Ongoing research on solvolysis, pyrolysis, and gasification is expected to overcome recycling challenges and make progress in the field.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Kirill Faust, Peter Denifl, Marko Hapke
Summary: Polyolefins, especially polyethylenes (LLDPE, LDPE, and HDPE) and polypropylene (PP), contribute significantly to the increasing amount of plastic waste, accounting for nearly 50% of the total mass. These plastics are mainly used for short-lived packaging materials, resulting in a high proportion of polyolefins as post-consumer waste. Therefore, waste management strategies are necessary to handle these inert plastics, and recent scientific research has focused on valorizing these valuable discarded materials through chemical recycling, particularly catalytic processes that operate at moderate temperatures.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Fan Zhang, Yuting Zhao, Dandan Wang, Mengqin Yan, Jing Zhang, Pengyan Zhang, Tonggui Ding, Lei Chen, Chao Chen
Summary: The review summarizes advanced nonbiodegradable plastic waste treatment technologies, analyzes their mechanisms and development status, and proposes an outlook for industrial application to effectively address NPW issues.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Fredrik Weiland, Lisa Lundin, Mustafa Celebi, Klaas van der Vlist, Farzad Moradian
Summary: Oxygen blown high-temperature gasification presents an opportunity for chemical recycling of plastic wastes. Gasification efficiencies of two complex plastic wastes were around 80% and 60%, with lower PCDD/F yields compared to direct combustion. A two-stage process further reduced emissions of HCl and PCDD/F.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ashish Bohre, Prashant Ram Jadhao, Komal Tripathi, Kamal Kishore Pant, Blaz Likozar, Basudeb Saha
Summary: Chemical recycling is a commonly used method to transform post-consumer PET into building block chemicals, reducing plastic waste in landfills. Recent advancements in material science and catalysis have led to innovative strategies for PET depolymerization under mild reaction conditions. Heterogeneous catalysts have shown great potential for converting waste PET into monomers and value-added chemicals.
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jijiang Huang, Andrei Veksha, Wei Ping Chan, Apostolos Giannis, Grzegorz Lisak
Summary: Proper management of plastic waste is crucial to prevent its harmful environmental impacts, with emphasis on reuse, recovery, and recycling to minimize negative effects and promote optimization of plastic-based materials. Chemical recycling techniques with catalysts are being studied for efficient energy and material recovery, with a focus on the quality and yield of products and suggestions for catalyst design and process improvement for material circularity.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Bijoy Kumar Mondal, Falguni Guha, Md. Nurul Abser
Summary: Waste plastics are a chronic environmental threat due to disposal issues. Without a sustainable technology for waste plastic conversion, it will spread across the planet and harm the ecosystem.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ri Zhang, Shasha Zhang, Mengyan Ding
Summary: A thin liquid film method is proposed to evaluate sand erosion in annular flow. This method considers the direct interaction between the liquid film and gas core, as well as the entrainment and deposition of droplets. The erosion rate is calculated by considering the effects of liquid entrainment and particle velocity decay. The method is fully verified by comparing with experimental data.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yu Suo, Xianheng Su, Wenyuan He, Xiaofei Fu, Zhejun Pan
Summary: This research investigates the mechanical properties of sandstone-shale composite through orthogonal experimental method and discrete element simulation. The results show that different lithologies and thickness ratios can affect the strength and fracture mode of the composite rock samples.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Maurizio Troiano, Andrea El Hassanin, Roberto Solimene, Alessia Teresa Silvestri, Fabrizio Scala, Antonino Squillace, Piero Salatino
Summary: This study investigates the potential of Fluidized Bed Finishing (FBF) for square flat AlSi10Mg specimens manufactured via Laser-Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing technology. The results show that good finishing can be achieved using rotation-assisted tests, with a maximum reduction of surface roughness by 67%. Steel particles are found to be the most effective bed material.
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Ningbo Song, Wanzhong Yin, Jin Yao
Summary: Seawater's dissolved salts and minerals have various effects on the flotation process, including influencing the characteristics and behavior of flotation factors, as well as affecting the surface of sulfide minerals. In most cases, seawater has adverse effects on the flotation of sulfide minerals, but these effects can be mitigated by adjusting the reagents.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kaiqiao Wu, Shuxian Jiang, Victor Francia, Marc-Olivier Coppens
Summary: In rectangular and cylindrical annular fluidized beds, pulsating gas flow can create regular bubble patterns, overcoming challenges seen in conventional units. This study provides new opportunities for modularization of fluidized bed operations.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shuo Li, Huili Zhang, Jan Baeyens, Miao Yang, Zehao Li, Yimin Deng
Summary: The paper assesses the behavior of cohesive Geldart C-type particles when fluidized by air with the aid of vibration. It determines that mechanical vibration is a simple and effective method to improve the fluidity of cohesive particles during fluidization.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zhenfei Feng, Qingyuan Zhang, Shanpan Liang, Zhenzhou Li, Fangwen Guo, Jinxin Zhang, Ding Yuan
Summary: A new micro/mini-channel heat sink (MCHS) with a combined structure of longitudinal and transverse vortex generators is designed, using Al2O3 nanofluid as the working medium. The study explores the effects of transverse vortex generator shape and longitudinal vortex generator angle on the hydraulic and thermal characteristics, comprehensive performance, entropy generation, and exergy efficiency. The results show that the triangular transverse vortex generator improves the comprehensive performance and exergy efficiency. Combined with the longitudinal vortex generator, the MCHS achieves the best comprehensive performance, entropy generation, and exergy efficiency when the Reynolds number is 742.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Kostas Giannis, Christoph Thon, Guoqing Yang, Arno Kwade, Carsten Schilde
Summary: This study presents a 3D convolutional neural network (3D-CNN) methodology for generating realistic 3D models of particles. The method trains on 2D projections of particle images to predict their 3D shapes, and evaluates the accuracy of the predictions using Fourier shape descriptors (FSDs). This methodology has wide applications in particle shape analysis.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zheng-qing Zhou, Lu-jia Chai, Yu-long Zhang, Ya-bin Wang, Ze-chen Du, Tian-yi Wang, Yu-zhe Liu
Summary: The dynamic oxidation and shell-breaking processes of aluminum nanoparticles (ANPs) during heating were studied using in situ transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that the changes in shell thickness can be divided into three stages, and the active aluminum content of ANP decreased before shell-breaking.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Fulei Chen, Huaqing Ma, Zihan Liu, Lianyong Zhou, Yongzhi Zhao
Summary: A particle breakage model based on the particle replacement scheme, using the polyhedral model to describe particles, is proposed in this work to accurately describe the breakage of a large number of particles. Additionally, a fast-cutting algorithm is proposed to reproduce the size distribution of progeny particles determined by the breakage model. The validation and simulation results show satisfactory accuracy, efficiency, and stability of the algorithm.
Review
Engineering, Chemical
Matteo Errigo, Christopher Windows-Yule, Massimiliano Materazzi, Dominik Werner, Paola Lettieri
Summary: Gas-solid fluidized-bed systems have advantages in terms of chemical reaction efficiency and temperature control, making them widely used in industrial applications. However, the design, scale-up, and optimization of these complex units are limited by the lack of deep physical understanding. Non-invasive and non-intrusive diagnostic techniques provide a way for researchers to study these systems without affecting the flow field or directly contacting the medium under study.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Saeed Fateh, Mohammad Behshad Shafii, Mohammad Najafi, Cyrus Aghanajafi
Summary: Applying a magnetic field to ferrofluids alters their flow characteristics and enhances heat transfer. Through visualization and quantitative investigation, it is found that the magnetic field influences the flow patterns and velocity profiles, improving fluid mixing and vorticity magnitude.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lei Gao, Bingbing Wei, Xiaochuan Hu, Zaifeng Yao, Yiwen Fang, Xuejian Gao
Summary: In this study, a numerical model of sand triaxial test was established using discrete element software PFC3D, and an indoor triaxial test was conducted to calibrate the numerical model. The influence of microscopic parameters on the macroscopic mechanical response of sand was analyzed. The results showed that the friction coefficient had the greatest impact on the peak strength and residual strength of the sand's stress-strain curve, and it was positively correlated. The normal tangential stiffness ratio was negatively correlated, while the porosity and boundary flexibility stiffness had minimal influence on it.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Xuan Liu, Jie Gong, Kai Jiang, Xiaojuan Lai, Yu Tian, Kang Zhang
Summary: This study aimed to improve the performance of lignite coal water slurries (CWSs) by synthesizing a series of three-arm amphiphilic block copolymers. By controlling the relative molecular weight, hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratio, and ionic group content, the apparent viscosity of CWSs was significantly reduced and the static stability was improved. Thermogravimetric testing and XPS analysis were conducted to reveal the mechanism behind the improved performance.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Lanka Dinushke Weerasiri, Daniel Fabijanic, Subrat Das
Summary: Fluidization at low pressure offers significant benefits for the fine chemical industry. This study investigates the behavior of bubbles and bed expansion under low pressure conditions. It is found that lower pressure leads to larger bubbles, increased bubble quantity, and higher aspect ratio. The predictability is affected by the inhomogeneous fluidization, but low pressure fluidization can generate similar bubble sizes with lower fluidizing mass compared to atmospheric pressure.