Review
Cell Biology
Marin Barisic, Girish Rajendraprasad, Yulia Steblyanko
Summary: The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a surveillance mechanism that promotes accurate chromosome segregation in mitosis by sensing the attachment state of kinetochores. Current understanding of how SAC proteins are recruited to kinetochores in the absence of microtubule attachment and how attachments silence the SAC at the kinetochore is limited, requiring further investigation.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anja Bufe, Ana Garcia del Arco, Magdalena Hennecke, Anchel de Jaime-Soguero, Matthias Ostermaier, Yu-Chih Lin, Anja Ciprianidis, Janina Hattemer, Ulrike Engel, Petra Beli, Holger Bastians, Sergio P. Acebron
Summary: Canonical Wnt signaling is crucial for development and tissue renewal by regulating beta-catenin target genes, while non-canonical Wnt signaling is also involved in mitosis. This study identified the role of Wnt signaling in regulating KIF2A during cell division, which is essential for chromosome alignment. Dishevelled recruits KIF2A and Wnt signaling modulates KIF2A interaction with PLK1, highlighting the importance of Wnt signaling in cell division and genome maintenance.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Haeyoung Kim, Hyewon Park, Evan T. T. Schulz, Yoshiaki Azuma, Mizuki Azuma
Summary: EWSR1 plays a crucial role in Ewing sarcoma by preventing lagging chromosomes and aneuploidy through its interaction with Aurora B protein.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohamed El-Tanani, Hamdi Nsairat, Vijay Mishra, Yachana Mishra, Alaa A. A. Aljabali, Angel Serrano-Aroca, Murtaza M. Tambuwala
Summary: Ran is a member of the Ras superfamily of proteins, regulating nucleocytoplasmic trafficking and mitosis by regulating spindle formation and nuclear envelope reassembly. Aberrant Ran expression in cancer is due to upstream dysregulation and abnormal activation of signaling pathways. Overexpression of Ran affects cell phenotype and has been found in various cancers, correlating with tumor grade and metastasis. Increased dependence on Ran for spindle formation and mitosis, as well as dysregulation of nucleocytoplasmic transport, contribute to the increased malignancy and invasiveness associated with Ran overexpression.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura Tovini, Sarah C. Johnson, Molly A. Guscott, Alexander M. Andersen, Diana Carolina Johanna Spierings, Rene Wardenaar, Floris Foijer, Sarah E. McClelland
Summary: Cancer cells exhibit persistent chromosomal instability, with different tumor types showing characteristic subsets of aneuploidies. Researchers used dCas9 as a carrier to recruit the kinetochore-nucleating domain of CENP-T protein to ectopically assemble kinetochores near specific genomic loci, resulting in increased chromosome instability and partial aneuploidies of target chromosomes in various cell types. The study also analyzed potential endogenous repeats that could support ectopic kinetochore formation.
Review
Cell Biology
Saara Hamalisto, Jonathan Stahl-Meyer, Marja Jaaettela
Summary: Mitosis, a tightly regulated process in mammalian life, can still result in errors leading to chromosomal instabilities and malignancies. Recent discoveries have shown unexpected roles for autophagy and lysosomes in preserving genomic integrity during mitosis.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Zuzana Storchova
Summary: Eukaryotic cells are typically diploid, but aberrant chromosome numbers such as aneuploidy and polyploidy can occur due to mitotic failures. Recent research has shown that mitotic errors lead to extensive modifications of cellular processes, affecting proliferation, proteome balance, genome stability, and more. The cellular response to aneuploidy and polyploidy is viewed as a complex, tissue-specific network of events.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Lucia Paolini, Sajjad Hussain, Paul J. J. Galardy
Summary: Genomic instability is a central factor in the pathogenesis of human cancer. Most of the time, chromosome instability negatively affects cellular fitness, but in cancer it is usually associated with worse prognosis. Neuroblastoma, a common solid tumor in children, has two distinct patterns of genomic instability, with whole-chromosome aneuploidy associated with better prognosis.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yang Liu, Chunhui Wang, Handong Su, James A. Birchler, Fangpu Han
Summary: Haspin regulates chromosomal localization and segregation in both human and plant cells through H3T3 phosphorylation, with slightly different roles observed in mitosis and meiosis in plants. Plant Haspin lacks motifs necessary for binding to specific proteins involved in cohesion, leading to distinct mechanisms of action compared to animals.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Michela Damizia, Ludovica Altieri, Vincenzo Costanzo, Patrizia Lavia
Summary: This study reveals that NuSAP1 interacts with RANBP2 and forms proximity ligation products with SUMO2/3 peptides at key mitotic sites. Additionally, two new regulatory sites for NuSAP1 functions are identified, implicating RANBP2 in control of NuSAP1 activity.
Article
Biology
Yuting Liu, Kehui Wang, Li Huang, Jicheng Zhao, Xinpeng Chen, Qiang Wu, Zhouliang Yu, Guohong Li
Summary: The phosphorylation of CENP-A Ser68 is crucial for the cell-cycle-dependent deposition of CENP-A and cell viability.
SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joana Duro, Jakob Nilsson
Summary: Early embryogenesis involves a delicate balance with the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC), which varies in acquisition time based on species, cell size, or developmental timer. Delaying SAC acquisition may pose challenges despite its essential role in ensuring proper chromosome segregation. Research focuses on understanding SAC acquisition in different species, with pending questions and potential applications being highlighted.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jacob A. Herman, Romario R. Romain, Pia Hoellerbauer, Hazheen K. Shirnekhi, David C. King, Keith F. DeLuca, Erin Osborne Nishimura, Patrick J. Paddison, Jennifer G. DeLuca
Summary: Aneuploidy is common in tumors and plays a crucial role in their initiation and evolution. This study reveals that constitutive signaling by RAS or MAPK is necessary for cancer-specific vulnerability to BubR1, a factor involved in preventing aneuploidy. The findings enhance our understanding of how chromosome segregation adapts to different cellular states and identify an oncogenic trigger for a cancer-specific defect.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Mary Ecke, Jana Prassler, Guenther Gerisch
Summary: Research demonstrates that aberrant centrosome activities in mutants of Dictyostelium discoideum lead to anomalies in mitotic spindles that impact chromosome segregation reliability. Genetic instabilities caused by these deficiencies are tolerated in multinucleate cells, which are produced by electric-pulse induced cell fusion and serve as a source for abnormalities in the mutant cells' mitotic apparatus. Dual-color fluorescence labeling in live cells reveals variability in spindle arrangements, centrosome-nuclear interactions, and chromosome segregation in the atypical mitoses observed.
Article
Cell Biology
Anna Kouznetsova, Jian Guo Liu, Sonata Valentiniene, Hjalmar Brismar, Christer Hoog
Summary: Aging significantly impacts the chromosome segregation process in human oocytes, leading to aneuploidy, infertility, and developmental disorders. As age increases, the likelihood of chromosome segregation irregularities also increases, resulting in a higher incidence of aneuploidy.
