Review
Immunology
Stephen R. Walsh, Michael S. Seaman
Summary: The current clinical studies are actively exploring the use of bnAbs as passive immunization strategies to prevent HIV-1 infection. Recent trials have shown that bnAbs can provide protection against HIV-1 infection in humans, but there are still significant barriers to overcome.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Simone Conti, Kevin J. Kaczorowski, Ge Song, Katelyn Porter, Raiees Andrabi, Dennis R. Burton, Arup K. Chakraborty, Martin Karplus
Summary: Developing a vaccine that can generate broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV is crucial in combating the HIV epidemic, but it requires at least three stages. The challenge lies in designing an optimal panel of antigens that can elicit such antibodies.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Simone Conti, Kevin J. Kaczorowski, Ge Song, Katelyn Porter, Raiees Andrabi, Dennis R. Burton, Arup K. Chakraborty, Martin Karplus
Summary: Research has shown that a vaccine capable of eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV has potential to protect against the virus, involving at least three separate stages. This vaccine may require immunization with a mixture of Envs.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sai Luo, Changbin Jing, Adam Yongxin Ye, Sven Kratochvil, Christopher A. Cottrell, Ja-Hyun Koo, Aimee Chapdelaine Williams, Lucas Vieira Francisco, Himanshu Batra, Edward Lamperti, Oleksandr Kalyuzhniy, Yuxiang Zhang, Alessandro Barbieri, John P. Manis, Barton F. Haynes, William R. Schief, Facundo D. Batista, Ming Tian, Frederick W. Alt
Summary: Antibody heavy chain and light chain variable region exons are assembled through V(D)J recombination. HIV-1 vaccine strategies aim to induce broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1. Using rearranging mouse models can help better evaluate vaccine effectiveness.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Luke A. Granger, Isabella Huettner, Franka Debeljak, Pontiano Kaleebu, Mauro Schechter, Giuseppe Tambussi, Jonathan Weber, Jose M. Miro, Rodney Phillips, Abdel Babiker, David A. Cooper, Martin Fisher, Gita Ramjee, Sarah Fidler, John Frater, Julie Fox, Katie J. Doores
Summary: The study shows that the development of plasma neutralization breadth and potency is related to the duration of HIV infection and high viral loads, typically taking 3-4 years to arise, with bnAb activity mostly directed towards one or two bnAb epitopes per donor.
Article
Immunology
Christopher P. Karch, Gary R. Matyas
Summary: Efforts to find an efficacious vaccine for HIV-1 have faced numerous challenges, with the use of nanotechnology and nanoparticles showing promise in developing immunogens. Nanovaccines have the potential to significantly impact the field of HIV-1 vaccine development by improving immunogenicity and presentation of antigens. Further research is necessary to fully understand the role of nanovaccines in creating a successful HIV-1 vaccine.
EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Veronika Daniel Liskova, Petr Kosztyu, Milan Kuchar, Jiri Cerny, Shiv Bharadwaj, Hana Petrokova, Eliska Vroblova, Michal Krupka, Michal Maly, Tereza Zosincukova, Josef Sulc, Leona Raskova Kafkova, Milan Raska, Petr Maly
Summary: The study demonstrates the potential of Myomedin-derived variants to mimic specific HIV-1 antibody epitopes, indicating promising candidates for HIV-1 vaccine development.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Mai N. Vu, Hannah G. Kelly, Stephen J. Kent, Adam K. Wheatley
Summary: COVID-19 has caused massive health and economic disruptions globally, and mass vaccination is the most efficient way to end the pandemic. Nanoparticle-based vaccines are becoming increasingly important in extending or improving vaccination outcomes against COVID-19, with over 26 candidates in clinical testing and around 60 more in pre-clinical development. The emerging promise of nanotechnology in vaccine design and manufacturing to combat SARS-CoV-2 presents both opportunities and challenges.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Zhiyin An, Yu Zhang, Xiang Yu, Jia Xia, Yanan Yin, Guoming Li, Jing Lu, Xuemei Fan, Yingjie Xu
Summary: In this study, a new approach was developed to screen for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) from mRNA-vaccinated mice. By comparing different vaccination orders, it was found that the initially administered vaccine had a greater impact on the neutralizing potency of mouse sera. Ultimately, a strain of bnAb was screened that neutralized wild-type, Beta, and Delta SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses, and its neutralizing potency was verified. This study provides valuable insights for future antibody drug development.
Article
Virology
Daniel J. Sheward, Tandile Hermanus, Ben Murrell, Nigel Garrett, Salim S. Abdool Karim, Lynn Morris, Penny L. Moore, Carolyn Williamson
Summary: The development of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to HIV and other diverse pathogens may require the use of multiple immunogens. This study characterizes the antibody responses in individuals coinfected with multiple HIV variants, revealing interference and the potential role of conserved neutralizing epitopes in guiding broad antibody responses.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Denise C. C. Hsu, John W. W. Mellors, Sandhya Vasan
Summary: Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) targeting the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein are promising strategies for HIV-1 prevention, treatment, and remission. Research on the combination of bnAbs with different resistance profiles is essential to address concerns about HIV-1 resistance. Additionally, studies on bnAbs in preclinical models and clinical trials are important to optimize therapeutic outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Milan Kuchar, Petr Kosztyu, Veronika Daniel Liskova, Jiri Cerny, Hana Petrokova, Eliska Vroblova, Michal Maly, Lucie Vankova, Michal Krupka, Leona Raskova Kafkova, Pavlina Turanek Knotigova, Jarmila Duskova, Jan Dohnalek, Josef Masek, Jaroslav Turanek, Milan Raska, Petr Maly
Summary: A proposed strategy for developing a more efficient HIV-1 vaccine involves identifying proteins binding to a chosen broadly neutralizing antibody to mimic HIV-1 Env epitopes. By using a complex combinatorial library, researchers developed Myomedin variants which showed the potential to mimic Env epitopes and could be used as potential components for an HIV-1 vaccine.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jinrong Long, Changxiao Yu, Yiming Cao, Yiqi Miao, Huisheng Sun, Zhen Zhang, Jierui Mai, Xin Wang, Yingying Mao, Hongwei Li, Jing Yang, Shengqi Wang
Summary: Rabies is a deadly viral disease and vaccinations are the most effective way to prevent and control it. Researchers have developed an mRNA-based vaccine that can be produced quickly and in large quantities. This vaccine has shown robust immune responses and long-term protection in mice and dogs.
Article
Biology
Colin LaMont, Jakub Otwinowski, Kanika Vanshylla, Henning Gruell, Florian Klein, Armita Nourmohammad
Summary: This study proposes a computational approach based on the population genetics of HIV escape to predict the efficacy of bNAb therapy. By using high-throughput HIV sequence data from bNAb-naive patients to parametrize HIV escape, the distribution of rebound times in three clinical trials is predicted. It is shown that a combination of three bNAbs is necessary to effectively suppress viral escape.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Guanghui Zong, Christian Toonstra, Qiang Yang, Roushu Zhang, Lai-Xi Wang
Summary: The study synthesized HIV-1 V1V2 glycopeptide-Q beta conjugates as a mimic of the proposed neutralizing epitope of PG9, showing significantly enhanced affinity for the PG9 antibody, depending on the density of the glycopeptide antigen display. These conjugates represent a promising candidate for an HIV-1 vaccine.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Louise A. E. Brown, Gaurav S. Gulsin, Sebastian C. Onciul, David A. Broadbent, Jian L. Yeo, Alice L. Wood, Christopher E. D. Saunderson, Arka Das, Nicholas Jex, Amrit Chowdhary, Sharmaine Thirunavukarasu, Noor Sharrack, Kristopher D. Knott, Eylem Levelt, Peter P. Swoboda, Hui Xue, John P. Greenwood, James C. Moon, David Adlam, Gerry P. McCann, Peter Kellman, Sven Plein
Summary: This study aimed to establish sex- and age-specific normal values for myocardial blood flow (MBF) in healthy volunteers. The results showed differences in MBF between males and females, and a decrease in MBF and myocardial perfusion reserve with advancing age.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Cheng Xu, Hannah E. Dobson, Mengjie Yu, Wang Gong, Xiaoqi Sun, Kyung Soo Park, Andrew Kennedy, Xingwu Zhou, Jin Xu, Yao Xu, Andrew W. Tai, Yu Leo Lei, James J. Moon
Summary: This study developed a manganese-silica nanoplatform (MnOx@HMSN) that enhances the adjuvant effects of CDNs for vaccination against cancer and SARS-CoV-2. The nanoplatform efficiently co-loaded CDNs and antigens, resulting in robust immune responses and therapeutic efficacy.
JOURNAL OF CONTROLLED RELEASE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Adam Ioannou, Rishi K. Patel, Ana Martinez-Naharro, Yousuf Razvi, Aldostefano Porcari, David F. Hutt, Francesco Bandera, Tushar Kotecha, Lucia Venneri, Liza Chacko, Paolo Massa, Melissa Hanger, Daniel Knight, Charlotte Manisty, James Moon, Cristina Quarta, Helen Lachmann, Carol Whelan, Peter Kellman, Philip N. Hawkins, Julian D. Gillmore, Ashutosh Wechelakar, Marianna Fontana
Summary: This study aims to assess multiorgan response to treatment using extracellular volume (ECV) mapping and examine the association between multiorgan treatment response and prognosis.
JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Blake R. Heath, Wang Gong, Hulya F. Taner, Luke Broses, Kohei Okuyama, Wanqing Cheng, Max Jin, Zackary R. Fitzsimonds, Andriana Manousidaki, Yuesong Wu, Shaoping Zhang, Haitao Wen, Steven B. Chinn, Eric Bartee, Yuying Xie, James J. Moon, Yu Leo Lei
Summary: Oncogenes destabilize STING in epithelial cell-derived cancer cells, such as head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), to promote immune escape. Saturated fatty acids in the microenvironment dampen tumor response to STING stimulation and induce the expression of NLRC3, resulting in a T cell inflamed tumor microenvironment and IFN-I-dependent tumor control.
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Francesca Lo Iacono, Riccardo Maragna, Marco Guglielmo, Mattia Chiesa, Laura Fusini, Andrea Annoni, Mario Babbaro, Andrea Baggiano, Maria Ludovica Carerj, Francesco Cilia, Alberico Del Torto, Alberto Formenti, Maria Elisabetta Mancini, Francesca Marchetti, Manuela Muratori, Saima Mushtaq, Marco Penso, Sergio Pirola, Luigi Tassetti, Alessandra Volpe, Andrea Igoren Guaricci, Marianna Fontana, Gloria Tamborini, Thomas Treibel, James Moon, Valentina D. A. Corino, Gianluca Pontone
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Instruments & Instrumentation
Ryan M. M. Pearson, Abhinav P. P. Acharya, James J. J. Moon
DRUG DELIVERY AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yonghyun Lee, Jongyoon Shinn, Cheng Xu, Hannah E. Dobson, Nouri Neamati, James J. Moon
Summary: The authors develop a hyaluronic acid-bilirubin nanoparticle (HABN) capable of inducing immunogenic cell death and altering the tumor immune microenvironment, resulting in increased sensitivity to immune checkpoint blockade therapy in preclinical models of colorectal cancer and breast cancer.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniel M. Altmann, Catherine J. Reynolds, George Joy, Ashley D. Otter, Joseph M. Gibbons, Corinna Pade, Leo Swadling, Mala K. Maini, Tim Brooks, Amanda Semper, Aine Mcknight, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Charlotte Manisty, Thomas A. Treibel, James C. Moon, Rosemary J. Boyton
Summary: This study analyzes the immune response in healthcare workers with mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and compares it to those with Long Covid. The results show no significant differences in immune responses between the two groups up to 18 weeks post-infection and 1 year after vaccination, suggesting that immune response variations are unlikely to be a contributing factor to Long Covid development.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Francisco Gama, Pedro Custodio, Aliki Tsagkridi, James Moon, Guy Lloyd, Thomas A. Treibel, Sanjeev Bhattacharyya
Summary: High-definition blood flow imaging is a feasible technique that significantly improves the diagnostic accuracy and grading of left ventricular function compared to 2D echocardiography.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Constantin-Cristian Topriceanu, Eesha Dev, Mahmood Ahmad, Rebecca Hughes, Hunain Shiwani, Matthew Webber, Kenan Direk, Andrew Wong, Martin Ugander, James C. Moon, Alun D. Hughes, Jane Maddock, Todd T. Schlegel, Gabriella Captur
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between DNAm age and A-ECG heart age, and finds that DNAm AgeAccel is associated with cardiovascular risk factors. The results suggest that participants with accelerated DNA methylation at the age of 60 may have older, weaker, and more electrically impaired hearts. Furthermore, the harmful effects of cardiovascular risk factors on cardiac age and health may be partially mediated by DNAm AgeAccel.
CLINICAL EPIGENETICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yeonwoo Jang, April Kim, Hansoo Park, James J. Moon, Jae Young Lee
Summary: Cellular membrane-derived vesicles (CMVs) have unique advantages as a drug delivery system, but face challenges in yield, stability, and functionalization. This paper introduces three strategies to overcome these limitations: hybrid vesicles of CMVs and synthetic liposomes, core/shell nanostructures with synthetic nanoparticles and cell membrane structures, and CMV/scaffold complexes for sustained release. The authors propose that a combination of hybrid vesicle-coated nanoparticles or hybrid vesicle/scaffold complexes could be a promising drug delivery system.
APPLIED MATERIALS TODAY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Rebecca K. Hughes, Joao B. Augusto, Kristopher Knott, Rhodri Davies, Hunain Shiwani, Andreas Seraphim, James W. Malcolmson, Shafik Khoury, George Joy, Saidi Mohiddin, Luis R. Lopes, William J. McKenna, Peter Kellman, Hui Xue, Maite Tome, Sanjay Sharma, Gabriella Captur, James C. Moon
Summary: This study found that apical perfusion defects are universally present in ApHCM patients, suggesting that ischemia may play a disease-defining role in ApHCM, which is supported by characteristic ECG results.
CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jessica Artico, Hunain Shiwani, James C. Moon, Miroslawa Gorecka, Gerry P. McCann, Giles Roditi, Andrew Morrow, Kenneth Mangion, Elena Lukaschuk, Mayooran Shanmuganathan, Christopher A. Miller, Amedeo Chiribiri, Sanjay K. Prasad, Robert D. Adam, Trisha Singh, Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci, Dana Dawson, Daniel Knight, Marianna Fontana, Charlotte Manisty, Thomas A. Treibel, Eylem Levelt, Ranjit Arnold, Peter W. Macfarlane, Robin Young, Alex McConnachie, Stefan Neubauer, Stefan K. Piechnik, Rhodri H. Davies, Vanessa M. Ferreira, Marc R. Dweck, Colin Berry, John P. Greenwood
Summary: This study aimed to assess the presence, nature, and extent of myocardial damage in hospitalized patients with troponin elevation and COVID-19. The study found that patients with COVID-19 and elevated cardiac troponin levels had more ventricular impairment and myocardial scar compared to the control group. However, the proportion of myocarditis was low and scar pathogenesis was diverse.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Constantin-Cristian Topriceanu, Massimiliano Fornasiero, Han Seo, Matthew Webber, Kathryn E. E. Keenan, Karl F. F. Stupic, Ruediger Bruehl, Bernd Ittermann, Kirsty Price, Louise McGrath, Wenjie Pang, Alun D. D. Hughes, Reza Nezafat, Peter Kellman, Iain Pierce, James C. C. Moon, Gabriella Captur
Summary: A phantom dedicated to the quality assurance of T-2 mapping in CMR was fabricated and assessed. The phantom was able to mimic clinically relevant myocardial T-2 and demonstrated excellent structural integrity, magnetic field uniformity, and reproducibility. This device can now be mass-produced to support the quality assurance of T-2 mapping in CMR.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Adam Ioannou, Rishi K. Patel, Ana Martinez-Naharro, Yousuf Razvi, Aldostefano Porcari, Muhammad U. Rauf, Roos E. Bolhuis, Jacob Fernando-Sayers, Ruta Virsinskaite, Francesco Bandera, Tushar Kotecha, Lucia Venneri, Daniel Knight, Charlotte Manisty, James Moon, Helen Lachmann, Carol Whelan, Peter Kellman, Philip N. Hawkins, Julian D. Gillmore, Ashutosh Wechalekar, Marianna Fontana
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of native T1 mapping in measuring cardiac treatment response in patients with cardiac light-chain amyloidosis and found that changes in native T1 were associated with changes in traditional markers of cardiac response and mortality.
