Article
Plant Sciences
Mareike Busche, Christopher Acatay, Stefan Martens, Bernd Weisshaar, Ralf Stracke
Summary: Bananas, well known for their edible fruits, are important perennial plants that contribute to food security and employment opportunities. Studies have shown that banana fruits contain high levels of minerals and phytochemicals, such as flavonoids, which are beneficial for human nutrition. Research on the enzymatic functionalities in bananas has provided insights for further genetic engineering to enhance the antioxidant activity and nutritional value of banana fruits.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Estelle Bineau, Jose Luis Rambla, Renaud Duboscq, Marie-Noelle Corre, Frederique Bitton, Raphael Lugan, Antonio Granell, Clemence Plissonneau, Mathilde Causse
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the transgressive behaviors of fruit metabolic content in tomatoes. Through the analysis of metabolome and transcriptome data, various modes of inheritance were identified and candidate genes that may drive changes in fruit volatile organic compound contents were proposed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jianbin Shi, Xiaohong Liu, Ning Wang, Qinghua Xu, Yibin Zhang, Gentu Yan
Summary: The study analyzed the metabolomics of axillary buds in different growth stages of upland cotton to identify the mechanisms behind different axillary bud types. The results showed significant differences in metabolites between high and low-axillary bud phenotypes, particularly at early, intermediate, and growth stages. The study also revealed that the levels of flavone hexosides and tryptophan metabolism were changed during axillary bud development, suggesting different regulation mechanisms between the two cotton cultivars. Overall, this study provides important insights into axillary bud formation in upland cotton.
JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rima Urbstaite, Lina Raudone, Valdimaras Janulis
Summary: In this study, the qualitative and quantitative composition of anthocyanins and anthocyanidins in different cultivars and genetic clones of American cranberries grown in Lithuanian climatic conditions were analyzed. The study found that different cranberry cultivars contained various anthocyanin compounds, and compared the cultivars using hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Additionally, the antioxidant effect of cranberry fruit sample extracts was evaluated.
Review
Agronomy
Hana Dufkova, Marie Greplova, Romana Hampejsova, Marharyta Kuzmenko, Ervin Hausvater, Bretislav Brzobohaty, Martin Cerny
Summary: Potato is a valuable staple crop, but its resistance to pests and pathogens has been reduced through domestication. Late blight disease, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is the most destructive pathogen for potato plants. Efforts to develop resistant potato cultivars have been limited, leading to extensive use of fungicides. This review summarizes the sources of late blight resistance, obstacles in pathogen control, and discusses potential markers of resistance, including secondary metabolites and proteins, for marker-assisted selection and conventional breeding.
Article
Plant Sciences
Jiu-Xin Lai, Fu-Rong Lin, Ping Huang, Wen-Ying Guo, Lie-Bao Han, Yong-Qi Zheng
Summary: This study focused on analyzing flavonoid compounds in the leaves of Liquidambar formosana throughout different seasons. Results showed the highest total flavonoid content in spring and highest anthocyanidin content in autumn leaves. A total of 100 new flavonoid compounds were discovered, providing strong support for the differentiated use of L. formosana leaves from different seasons.
BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY
(2021)
Article
Agronomy
Eduarda Lins Falcao, Brena Coutinho Muniz, Carmelo Jose Albanez Bastos Filho, Rupam Kapoor, Fabio Sergio Barbosa da Silva
Summary: This study aimed to assess the effects of two arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the pharmaceutically valued compounds and edaphic attributes of Anadenanthera colubrina leaves. The results showed that fungal inoculation resulted in increased production of secondary metabolites and higher CO2 emissions. This indicates that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can enhance the production of secondary metabolites in A. colubrina leaves.
Article
Plant Sciences
Elena Rosa-Martinez, Ana M. Adalid, Luis E. Alvarado, Resurreccion Burguet, Maria D. Garcia-Martinez, Leandro Pereira-Dias, Cristina Casanova, Elena Soler, Maria R. Figas, Mariola Plazas, Jaime Prohens, Salvador Soler
Summary: The study evaluated the nutritional fruit composition of 44 'de penjar' tomato varieties under high and low N treatments, revealing significant variation in fruit composition traits and higher values for certain traits under low N treatment with significant genotype x N input interaction. The results suggest the potential of 'de penjar' varieties as a genetic resource for breeding high-quality tomatoes under low N conditions.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Plant Sciences
Aditya Pratap, Arpita Das, Shiv Kumar, Sanjeev Gupta
Summary: Breeding efforts in food legumes have been focused on exploiting genetic variation within the primary genepool, resulting in a narrow genetic base. Introgression from crop wild relatives, landraces, and exotic germplasm has been successful in widening the genetic base and discovering hidden variability. This method has led to the development of improved cultivars in various food legume crops, indicating the potential to capitalize on genetic variation for commercial development.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Yun Hwan Park, Sang-Il Han, Byeolnim Oh, Hyun Soo Kim, Min Seo Jeon, Sok Kim, Yoon-E Choi
Summary: There is a growing interest in utilizing microalgae for industrial purposes due to concerns about petroleum depletion and sustainable energy sources. Despite the advantages of high biomass productivity and short culture periods, barriers such as high unit price need to be addressed. Co-producing primary and secondary metabolites from microalgae is essential, with induction methods available to promote the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites for industrial applications.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Dan Xu, Mengyao Xue, Zhen Shen, Xiaowei Jia, Xuwen Hou, Daowan Lai, Ligang Zhou
Summary: Fungal phytotoxic secondary metabolites are toxic substances produced by fungi through biochemical reactions, with a high level of diversity in their properties. These metabolites are mainly isolated from phytopathogenic fungal species, with aromatic polyketides and sesquiterpenoids being the main phytotoxic compounds.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yongbo Duan, Franklin Eduardo Melo Santiago, Andre Rodrigues dos Reis, Marislaine A. de Figueiredo, Suping Zhou, Theodore W. Thannhauser, Li Li
Summary: Flavonols, including kaempferol and quercetin, showed significant variation in broccoli accessions, with higher accumulation of kaempferol in leaves and quercetin in florets. Total flavonoid content also varied greatly among different accessions. Principle component analysis indicated a correlation between flavonols, biosynthetic pathway genes, and antioxidant capacity indicators in broccoli.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mehtab Muhammad Aslam, Muhammad Waseem, Bello Hassan Jakada, Eyalira Jacob Okal, Zuliang Lei, Hafiz Sohaib Ahmad Saqib, Wei Yuan, Weifeng Xu, Qian Zhang
Summary: Drought is a major constraint to rain-fed agricultural production, and understanding the mechanisms of ABA-mediated drought responses in plants is critical for ensuring crop yield and global food security. This review highlights the regulation of ABA perception, transcriptional levels of ABA- and drought-related genes, and metabolic pathways to alter drought stress responses in plants.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Martin Muthee Gakuubi, Kuan Chieh Ching, Madhaiyan Munusamy, Mario Wibowo, Zhao-Xun Liang, Yoganathan Kanagasundaram, Siew Bee Ng
Summary: This study investigated the diversity, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities of fungal endophytes obtained from different habitats in Singapore. The majority of the identified strains belonged to the phylum Ascomycota, and the most dominant genus was Colletotrichum. Chemical elicitation and variation of fermentation media led to the discovery of more bioactive strains. Active constituents were isolated and characterized, including a known compound and five novel compounds. These compounds showed strong antifungal and antiproliferative activities.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Horticulture
Wei Zhao, Lu Fan, Wenjiang Wu, Yaqi Li, Haijun Meng, Genxian Wang, Zhaobin Dong, Lei Wang, Guoliang Wu
Summary: This study analyzed the differences in anthocyanin accumulation in walnut peel with different colors using re-sequencing and transcriptome analysis. A total of 1,156 differentially expressed genes were identified, including the LOC108991235 (JrUFGT5) gene encoding anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase, which showed a positive correlation with anthocyanin accumulation in walnut peel.
SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Heidi M. Meudt, Dirk C. Albach, Andrew J. Tanentzap, Javier Igea, Sophie C. Newmarch, Angela J. Brandt, William G. Lee, Jennifer A. Tate
Summary: Whole genome duplication or polyploidy is common in global floras, but has been found to play a significant role in the evolution of island biodiversity. Research has shown that polyploidy has a significant impact on the diversification of endemic plant lineages on islands, primarily influenced by the number of potential congeneric colonists and changes in ploidy levels.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Dirk C. Albach, Ralf Bauer
Summary: The study identified a fourth species, R. smokianum, in Rhododendron subsect. Caroliniana, which is a narrow endemic found in the Great Smoky Mountains region in the USA. Phylogenetic analyses of genetic sequences supported the conclusion and revealed morphological and phenological differences between this new species and its related species, even in cultivation.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Christoph Hahn, Nicholas P. Howard, Dirk C. Albach
Summary: In this study, we analyzed the interrelationships, population structures, and genetic diversity of 72 kale and cabbage varieties using SPLoSH data. The results revealed four distinct groups of kale varieties and validated the use of SPLoSH information for analyzing interrelations in kale.
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Christina Bock, Jana L. Olefeld, Janina C. Vogt, Dirk C. Albach, Jens Boenigk
Summary: Chrysophyceae are a diverse group of planktonic protists widely distributed in freshwater. In this study, we examined the diversity of Chrysophyceae from 218 freshwater lakes and linked it to phylogenetic affiliations. Our findings demonstrate that Chrysophyceae are commonly found in freshwater environments, particularly those associated with mixotrophic Chrysophyceae.
ORGANISMS DIVERSITY & EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Hafiz Rehan Nadeem, Saeed Akhtar, Piero Sestili, Tariq Ismail, Susanne Neugart, Muhammad Qamar, Tuba Esatbeyoglu
Summary: This study investigated the cytotoxicity of basil at different growth stages and found that it was influenced by the stage of growth and concentration of extracts. Ethanol extracts showed the highest content of plant secondary metabolites and antioxidant activity. LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of known health-promoting and therapeutic compounds in ethanol extracts of basil.
Article
Biology
Moslem Doostmohammadi, Firouzeh Bordbar, Dirk C. Albach, Mansour Mirtadzadini
Summary: This study investigates the origin and distribution of plant species in the Irano-Turanian phytogeographical region. The results suggest that the subgenus Pentasepalae of the Veronica genus originated in the Iranian plateau and dispersed to the Mediterranean and Euro-Siberian regions via a North African route. The study highlights the significance of the Iranian plateau as a center of origin for temperate plant species and resolves taxonomic and phylogenetic issues surrounding Southwest Asian species of this subgenus.
Article
Plant Sciences
Layla Engelhardt, Tobias Poehnl, Susanne Neugart
Summary: Urtica dioica L. and Aegopodium podagraria L., known as stinging nettle and ground elder, are edible wild green vegetables rich in bioactive compounds and antioxidants. The drying methods and cooking can affect the antioxidant activity, and freezer storage has higher antioxidant activity compared to fridge storage. The addition of 5-caffeoylquinic acid can increase the antioxidant activity, especially in freeze-dried samples.
Article
Plant Sciences
P. A. Kosachev, D. C. Albach
Summary: This article presents new plant species of the subgenus Pseudolysimachium of the Veronica L. genus (Plantaginaceae) in the Altai Mountain Country and adjacent areas. The discovery includes the first collection of Veronica x grisea Kosachev et A. L. Ebel in the Republic of Altai, as well as the indication of V pinnata L. in the Novosibirsk Region. Additionally, new locations for 7 rare and endemic species of Veronica are reported. Point distribution maps are provided for most species.
Review
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Frederike Sonntag, Huihui Liu, Susanne Neugart
Summary: UV irradiation has been used to reduce decay, delay ripening, and delay senescence in postharvest vegetables. It affects appearance, microbial load, respiration rate, enzymatic antioxidant system, and various bioactive compounds. It has the potential to increase antioxidant activity, delay yellowing and senescence, trigger defense responses, and reduce decay and diseases.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Douglas E. Soltis, Evgeny V. Mavrodiev, Vladimir Brukhin, Eric H. Roalson, Dirk C. Albach, Grant T. Godden, Yuri E. Alexeev, Matthew A. Gitzendanner, Craig C. Freeman, Victor N. Suarez-Santiago, Pamela S. Soltis
Summary: Tragopogon (Asteraceae) is a genus that includes two recently formed allopolyploids, T. mirus and T. miscellus, in western North America. The introduction of diploid parents, T. dubius and T. porrifolius from Europe, played a role in the formation of these allopolyploids. In this study, we focused on the introduction of the second diploid parent, T. pratensis, into North America. Our findings show that T. pratensis as currently defined is polyphyletic, with at least four major ITS types in its native range. Two of these ITS types have been introduced from Europe into North America and are widespread in Canada and the U.S.A. The formation of T. miscellus in the western North America involved only one of these ITS types. Our research suggests that not all genotypes of T. pratensis may be capable of participating in the formation of allopolyploids. Additionally, we found that there are genetically distinct entities within T. pratensis that may be considered separate species. Further research involving phylogenetic analyses, taxonomy, morphology, and cytology are needed to fully understand the complexities of T. pratensis.
Article
Plant Sciences
Daniele Buono, Dirk C. C. Albach
Summary: Polyploidy has been a major focus in plant evolutionary biology research. This study examines the use of infrared spectroscopy to infer ploidy in two Veronica species. The results show that infrared spectroscopy is a reliable method for ploidy inference, but the accuracy may vary when applied to different species.
APPLICATIONS IN PLANT SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Horticulture
Christoph Hahn, Anja Mueller, Nikolai Kuhnert, Dirk C. Albach
Summary: Kale, a member of the Brassica oleracea L. crops, has gained global recognition for its high nutritional value and versatility. The diversity of different kale varieties and the effect of chilling on glucosinolate diversity and taste have been explored. This study found different patterns of glucosinolate change in different kale varieties after cold acclimation, suggesting that genetic and environmental factors both play a role in the composition of glucosinolate patterns in kale.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martin Weiland, Caspar Friedrich Wessler, Thomas Filler, Johannes Glaab, Neysha Lobo Ploch, Ulrike Winterwerber, Melanie Wiesner-Reinhold, Monika Schreiner, Susanne Neugart
Summary: This study investigates the effects of UVB LED lights on lettuce cultivation and found that consistent UVB treatment in indoor farming systems led to a significant increase in desired flavonol glycosides and anthocyanin content compared to inconsistent treatment in greenhouses. The findings suggest that UVB LEDs can be recommended for the development of lighting systems in indoor farming and greenhouse approaches.
PHOTOCHEMICAL & PHOTOBIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Nicholas P. Howard, Diego Micheletti, James J. Luby, Charles-Eric Durel, Caroline Denance, Helene Muranty, Matthew Ordidge, Dirk C. Albach
Summary: This study clarified the genetic origin of triploid apple cultivars and resolved the pedigrees of many apple cultivars. The research found that historical triploids are mostly the product of diploid parentage and have limited impact on breeding efforts.
PLANTS PEOPLE PLANET
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Karol Marhold, Jaromir Kucera, Dirk C. Albach, Tatiana G. Aleksandrova, Evgeny V. Banaev, Tatyana V. Dyubenko, Alexander A. Gnutikov, Elena A. Korolyuk, Violetta V. Kotseruba, Denis A. Krivenko, Leonid V. Krivobokov, Maria N. Lomonosova, Eduard M. Machs, Paulina Meller, Yulia A. Myakoshina, Nikolai N. Nosov, Tatyana V. Pankova, Nina S. Probatova, Alexander V. Rodionov, Dmitry N. Shaulo, Mariya A. Tomoshevich, Elena Yu. Zykova