Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Martha Campbell-Thompson, Elizabeth A. Butterworth, J. Lucas Boatwright, Malavika A. Nair, Lith H. Nasif, Kamal Nasif, Andy Y. Revell, Alberto Riva, Clayton E. Mathews, Ivan C. Gerling, Desmond A. Schatz, Mark A. Atkinson
Summary: The dysregulation of glucagon secretion in type 1 diabetes involves the sympathetic nervous system and noradrenalin degradation pathways. The study found that sympathetic innervation at islets and intrinsic adrenergic signaling pathways could be novel targets for improving glucagon secretion in T1D patients.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Luciana Mateus Goncalves, Mirza Muhammad Fahd Qadir, Maria Boulina, Madina Makhmutova, Elizabeth Pereira, Joana Almaca
Summary: Pancreatic islets rely on their microvasculature for normal function. In the development of type 1 diabetes, islet pericytes exhibit impaired responses and switch to a myofibroblast phenotype, leading to microvascular dysfunction. These findings highlight the presence of microvascular dysfunction in the early stages of islet autoimmunity.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Daniel J. Drucker
Summary: Scientific advancements in the treatment of type 1 diabetes have seen significant progress in recent decades. Innovations such as newer insulin analogues, smart insulins, oral and weekly insulins, as well as strategies for human beta cell replacement and immune manipulation, have potential to improve quality of life for patients.
Article
Biology
Angela Kim, Jakob G. Knudsen, Joseph C. Madara, Anna Benrick, Thomas G. Hill, Lina Abdul Kadir, Joely A. Kellard, Lisa Mellander, Caroline Miranda, Haopeng Lin, Timothy James, Kinga Suba, Aliya F. Spigelman, Yanling Wu, Patrick E. MacDonald, Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm, Tore Magnussen, Mikkel Christensen, Tina Vilsboll, Victoria Salem, Filip K. Knop, Patrik Rorsman, Bradford B. Lowell, Linford J. B. Briant
Summary: Research shows that vasopressin (AVP) is a physiological systemic regulator of glucagon secretion, and this mechanism may become impaired in patients with type-1 diabetes (T1D).
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ram Prasad, Jason L. Floyd, Mariana Dupont, Angela Harbour, Yvonne Adu-Agyeiwaah, Bright Asare-Bediako, Dibyendu Chakraborty, Kara Kichler, Aayush Rohella, Sergio Li Calzi, Regina Lammendella, Justin Wright, Michael E. Boulton, Gavin Y. Oudit, Mohan K. Raizada, Bruce R. Stevens, Qiuhong Li, Maria B. Grant
Summary: The components of the systemic and intestinal renin-angiotensin system have been found to be associated with gut barrier permeability, glucose homeostasis, systemic inflammation, and the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Changes in gut-regulated components of the immune system, gut leakage markers, and angiotensin II were observed in T1D patients and mice, and were assessed for relevance.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Vikas S. Sridhar, Christine P. Limonte, Per-Henrik Groop, Hiddo J. L. Heerspink, Richard E. Pratley, Peter Rossing, Jay S. Skyler, David Z. I. Cherney
Summary: The current management of CKD in type 1 diabetes focuses on blood sugar control, inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system and optimizing risk factors. However, individuals with type 1 diabetes and CKD still face elevated risks for kidney and cardiovascular events. Novel therapies used in type 2 diabetes, such as sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, have shown potential kidney and heart protection. Applying these therapies to individuals with type 1 diabetes for the prevention of CKD is of great importance.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fiona Louise Roberts, Luis Rodrigo Cataldo, Malin Fex
Summary: Recent studies have highlighted the important role of serotonin and melatonin as regulators of islet hormone secretion and glucose homeostasis. Dysregulated signaling of both amines is implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Serotonin plays a key role in islet cell physiology, while melatonin regulates circadian rhythm and nutrient metabolism.
TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Olivia McCarthy, Signe Schmidt, Merete Bechmann Christensen, Stephen C. Bain, Kirsten Norgaard, Richard Bracken
Summary: The endocrine pancreas plays a crucial role in regulating glucose during exercise, and understanding its response in people with and without T1D is important for glycemic management.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Celine Osinski, Lea Le Gleau, Christine Poitou, Juan de Toro-Martin, Laurent Genser, Magali Fradet, Hedi Antoine Soula, Armelle Leturque, Corinne Blugeon, Laurent Jourdren, Edwige Ludiwyne Hubert, Karine Clement, Patricia Serradas, Agnes Ribeiro
Summary: The study revealed that type 2 diabetes is associated with reduced GLP-1 cell differentiation and proglucagon maturation, leading to low GLP-1-cell density in obese individuals.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Gabriela Ramirez-Hernandez, Elva Adan-Castro, Nundehui Diaz-Lezama, Xarubet Ruiz-Herrera, Gonzalo Martinez de la Escalera, Yazmin Macotela, Carmen Clapp
Summary: Prolactin (PRL) levels are reduced in rats with diabetes or obesity, and lower PRL circulating levels correlate with increased prevalence of diabetes and higher risk of metabolic alterations. PRL stimulates beta-cell proliferation, survival, and insulin production, and lack of PRL signaling results in decreased insulin release and pancreatic inflammation. PRL protects whole body glucose homeostasis by reducing beta-cell loss and alleviating pancreatic inflammation, potentially proving beneficial in diabetes.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mercedes J. Burnside, Dana M. Lewis, Hamish R. Crocket, Renee A. Meier, Jonathan A. Williman, Olivia J. Sanders, Craig A. Jefferies, Ann M. Faherty, Ryan G. Paul, Claire S. Lever, Sarah K. J. Price, Carla M. Frewen, Shirley D. Jones, Tim C. Gunn, Christina Lampey, Benjamin J. Wheeler, Martin de Bock
Summary: In patients with type 1 diabetes, the use of an open-source AID system resulted in a significantly higher percentage of time in the target glucose range compared to a sensor-augmented insulin pump.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ajenthen G. Ranjan, Signe Schmidt, Kirsten Norgaard
Summary: To achieve strict glycaemic control and avoidance of chronic complications in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D), they are recommended to follow an intensive insulin regimen. However, the risk and fear of hypoglycaemia often hinder the achievement of treatment goals, with carbohydrate ingestion being the only option for preventing and treating non-severe hypoglycaemic events. Glucagon is proposed as an alternative to raise glucose concentrations without adding extra calories, with more stable formulations now available for easier use in treating severe, non-severe, and impending hypoglycaemia in T1D.
DIABETES-METABOLISM RESEARCH AND REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Steven J. Russell, Roy W. Beck, Edward R. Damiano, Firas H. El-Khatib, Katrina J. Ruedy, Zoey Li, Courtney A. Balliro, Peter Calhoun, R. Paul Wadwa, Bruce Buckingham, Keren Zhou, Mark Daniels, Philip Raskin, Perrin C. White, Jane Lynch, Jeremy Pettus, Irl B. Hirsch, Robin Goland, John B. Buse, Davida Kruger, Nelly Mauras, Andrew Muir, Janet B. McGill, Fran Cogen, Jill Weissberg-Benchell, Jordan S. Sherwood, Luz E. Castellanos, Mallory A. Hillard, Marwa Tuffaha, Melissa S. Putman, Mollie Y. Sands, Gregory Forlenza, Robert Slover, Laurel H. Messer, Erin Cobry, Viral N. Shah, Sarit Polsky, Rayhan Lal, Laya Ekhlaspour, Michael S. Hughes, Marina Basina, Betul Hatipoglu, Leann Olansky, Amrit Bhangoo, Nikta Forghani, Himala Kashmiri, Francoise Sutton, Abha Choudhary, Jimmy Penn, Rabab Jafri, Maria Rayas, Elia Escaname, Catherine Kerr, Ruby Favela-Preza, Schafer Boeder, Subbulaxmi Trikudanathan, Kristen M. Williams, Natasha Leibel, M. Sue Kirkman, Kate Bergamo, Klara R. Klein, Jean M. Dostou, Sriram Machineni, Laura A. Young, Jamie C. Diner, Arti Bhan, J. Kimberly Jones, Matthew Benson, Keisha Bird, Kimberly Englert, Andrea Cedeno, Joe Permuy, Kristina Cossen, Eric Felner, Maamoun Salam, Julie M. Silverstein, Samantha Adamson, Seema Meighan, Andrew Dauber
Summary: In this 13-week, randomized trial, the use of a bionic pancreas was shown to be more effective in reducing glycated hemoglobin levels compared to standard care.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Clara Furio-Novejarque, Ricardo Sanz, Tobias K. S. Ritschel, Asbjorn Thode Reenberg, Ajenthen G. Ranjan, Kirsten Norgaard, Jose-Luis Diez, John Bagterp Jorgensen, Jorge Bondia
Summary: This paper validates a glucoregulatory model that includes dynamics of glucagon receptors in describing endogenous glucose production (EGP). Multiple models from literature were compared to evaluate the role of glucagon receptors. Each EGP model was incorporated into an existing glucoregulatory model and validated using clinical data where insulin and glucagon were administered. The proposed receptors-based EGP model showed lower RMSE compared to other models, suggesting the potential consideration of glucagon receptors dynamics in type 1 diabetes simulators.
COMPUTERS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Noriko Tagawa, Honoka Ogura, Hikaru Miyawaki, Akihiro Asakawa, Ikuo Kato
Summary: This study found that peripheral administration of nesfatin-1 increased blood concentrations of GLP-1 and insulin, and decreased blood glucose concentrations in food-deprived mice. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that nesfatin-1 increased insulin concentrations by accelerating GLP-1 secretion. These findings suggest the potential therapeutic value of nesfatin-1 for GLP-1 release.
MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Christian R. Juhl, Josephine Burgdorf, Cecilie Knudsen, Anniek F. Lubberding, Simon Veedfald, Jonas L. Isaksen, Bolette Hartmann, Ruth Frikke-Schmidt, Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen, Jens J. Holst, Jorgen K. Kanters, Signe S. Torekov
Summary: In young individuals, moxifloxacin, a K(v)11.1 channel blocker, prolonged QT interval, decreased glucose levels, increased muscle insulin sensitivity, and led to more frequent episodes of hypoglycaemia.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Amalia Christina Vadmand, Anne Anker Nissen, Sidsel Mathiesen, Maria Schou Ebbesen, Tina Gerbek, Martin Kaj Fridh, Kaspar Sorensen, Bolette Hartmann, Jens Juul Holst, Klaus Muller
Summary: This study demonstrates that survivors of pediatric HSCT previously treated with total body irradiation have altered production of incretin hormones, resulting in dyslipidemia and abdominal adiposity.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Maria Buur Nordskov Gabe, Liv von Voss, Jenna Elizabeth Hunt, Sarina Gadgaard, Laerke Smidt Gasbjerg, Jens Juul Holst, Hannelouise Kissow, Bolette Hartmann, Mette Marie Rosenkilde
Summary: Biased GLP-2R agonists with modifications at the N-terminal have shown improved therapeutic effects on gut and bone growth. Variants like [F6A], [F6W], and [S7W] have less GLP-2R internalization and enhanced gut trophic actions, including increased small intestine weight, villus height, and crypt depth.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amra Jujic, Christopher Godina, Mattias Belting, Olle Melander, Jens Juul Holst, Emma Ahlqvist, Maria F. Gomez, Peter M. Nilsson, Helena Jernstrom, Martin Magnusson
Summary: Concerns have been raised about the potential increased cancer risk associated with treatment using GLP-1 receptor agonists. However, this prospective study found no association between fasting and post-challenge levels of GLP-1 and GIP and the risk of incident first cancer. Instead, higher levels of fasting GLP-1 were associated with a lower risk of incident first cancer.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Marina. K. K. Gerstenberg, Daniel. B. B. Andersen, Lola Torz, Carlos. M. M. Castorena, Angie. L. L. Bookout, Bolette Hartmann, Jens. F. F. Rehfeld, Natalia Petersen, Jens. J. J. Holst, Rune. E. E. Kuhre
Summary: After weight loss, the secretion of appetite-inhibiting hormones such as GLP-1 and PYY is still reduced, and other appetite-inhibiting hormones are also decreased. These results suggest that the reduced secretion of gut hormones in individuals with obesity may persist after weight loss and contribute to their susceptibility to weight regain.
Article
Allergy
Lise Gether, Heidi Storgaard, Sanja Kezic, Ivone Jakasa, Bolette Hartmann, Kirsa Skov-Jeppesen, Jens J. Holst, Anders J. Pedersen, Julie Forman, Gerrit van Hall, Ole E. Sorensen, Lone Skov, Mads A. Ropke, Filip K. Knop, Jacob Pontoppidan Thyssen
Summary: This study investigated whether whole-body treatment with topical corticosteroids for atopic dermatitis could lead to insulin resistance and increased bone resorption. The results showed that short-term use of these corticosteroids did not affect glucose metabolism but had a negative impact on bone formation.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Annemette Overgaard Brethvad, Hannah Louise Zakariassen, Joachim Holt, Alexander Jakobsen, Bolette Hartmann, Eva Winning Lehmann, Hannelouise Kissow, Jens Juul Holst, Sten Madsbad, Signe S. orensen Torekov, Birgitte Holst
Summary: This study examined the impact of diet-induced weight loss on levels of the anorexigenic hormone neurotensin (NT) in mice and humans, and whether these levels predict body weight change. The results showed that diet-induced weight loss reduced NT levels in both mice and humans, and regulated hunger-related gene expression in mice. Additionally, individuals who continued to lose weight after weight loss had higher peak NT secretion compared to those who regained weight.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
J. D. Watkins, S. Carter, G. Atkinson, F. Koumanov, J. A. Betts, J. J. Holst, J. T. Gonzalez
Summary: This systematic review aims to investigate the effect of type 2 diabetes (T2D) on GLP-1 secretion and explore potential moderators. The findings show that there is minimal and inconsistent difference in GLP-1 secretion between individuals with T2D and without T2D.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Simon B. K. Jensen, Christian R. Juhl, Charlotte Janus, Julie R. Lundgren, Christoffer Martinussen, Christoffer Wiingaard, Cecilie Knudsen, Ruth Frikke-Schmidt, Bente M. Stallknecht, Jens J. Holst, Sten Madsbad, Signe S. Torekov
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of exercise, liraglutide, or their combination on glucose tolerance, glucagon response, and beta cell function after weight loss. The results showed that only the combination of exercise and liraglutide improved glucose tolerance, beta cell function, and glucagon response after weight loss.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marta Guimaraes, Ana Marta Pereira, Sofia S. Pereira, Rui Almeida, Carolina B. Lobato, Bolette Hartmann, Jens J. Holst, Mariana P. Monteiro
Summary: Comparing the outcomes of BPD/DS and SADI-S in genetically identical individuals, it was found that BPD/DS resulted in greater weight loss and lower blood glucose levels than SADI-S.
OBESITY RESEARCH & CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Grit E. Legaard, Mark P. P. Lyngbaek, Thomas P. Almdal, Kristian Karstoft, Sebastian L. Bennetsen, Camilla S. Feineis, Nina S. Nielsen, Cody G. Durrer, Benedikte Liebetrau, Ulrikke Nystrup, Martin Ostergaard, Katja Thomsen, Beckey Trinh, Thomas P. J. Solomon, Gerrit Van Hall, Jan Christian Brond, Jens J. Holst, Bolette Hartmann, Robin Christensen, Bente K. Pedersen, Mathias Ried-Larsen
Summary: A randomized clinical trial showed that adding exercise to diet-induced weight loss can improve beta-cell function in people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. The study found that exercise volume is important for improving beta-cell function, and there was a dose-dependent relationship between exercise and beta-cell function improvement.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tummas Ternhamar, Andreas Moller, Christoffer Martinussen, Maria S. Svane, Morten Hindso, Nils B. Jorgensen, Carsten Dirksen, Jens-Erik Beck Jensen, Bolette Hartmann, Jens J. Holst, Bente Kiens, Sten Madsbad, Kirstine N. Bojsen-Moller
Summary: Moderate intensity cycling shortly after meal intake does not increase the risk of postprandial hypoglycemia after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. A low glycemic index meal increases nadir glucose and reduces glucose excursions compared with a high glycemic index meal. Participants who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery had lower postexercise glucagon responses compared with controls.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Bjarke R. Medici, Birte Nygaard, Jeppe L. la Cour, Martin Krakauer, Andreas Bronden, Mette P. Sonne, Jens J. Holst, Jens F. Rehfeld, Tina Vilsboll, Jens Faber, Filip K. Knop
Summary: This study aimed to assess the effect of levothyroxine therapy on hunger sensations and ad libitum food intake in individuals with hypothyroidism. The results showed that levothyroxine therapy increased resting energy expenditure but did not lead to a decrease in fat mass. Additionally, the study found that patients experienced increased hunger sensations after treatment.
ENDOCRINE CONNECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sidsel Madsen, Steffen Yde Bak, Christian Clement Yde, Henrik Max Jensen, Tine Ahrendt Knudsen, Cecilie Baech-Laursen, Jens Juul Holst, Christoffer Laustsen, Mette Skou Hedemann
Summary: This study investigated the preventive effect of rosemary extract on obesity-related conditions and found that it can alleviate the effects of a high-fat diet through increased GLP-1 secretion and changes in microbiota composition.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sasha A. S. Kjeldsen, Lise L. Gluud, Mikkel P. Werge, Julie S. Pedersen, Flemming Bendtsen, Kleopatra Alexiadou, Tricia Tan, Signe S. Torekov, Eva W. Iepsen, Nicole J. Jensen, Michael M. Richter, Jens P. Goetze, Jorgen Rungby, Bolette Hartmann, Jens J. Holst, Birgitte Holst, Joachim Holt, Finn Gustafsson, Sten Madsbad, Maria S. Svane, Kirstine N. Bojsen-Moller, Nicolai J. Wewer Albrechtsen
Summary: Inhibitors of neprilysin improve glycemia in patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes. NEPa, but not neprilysin protein, was enhanced in obesity, T2D, and MASLD. MASLD may drive exaggerated NEPa, and lowered NEPa following bariatric surgery or liraglutide therapy may contribute to the reported improved cardiometabolic effects.