Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Marcus J. C. Long, Kuan-Ting Huang, Yimon Aye
Summary: This tutorial review compares and contrasts the chemical mechanisms of electrophile/oxidant sensing and the molecular mechanisms of signal propagation. It critically analyzes biological systems where these pathways are believed to be present and discusses the implications of the data. Finally, it explores the applications of this knowledge in disease treatment and drug development.
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marcos A. Martinez-Banaclocha
Summary: Encouraging recent data have identified gene variants and expansions associated with aging pathways, including DNA replication and repair, telomere and stem cell maintenance, regulation of the redox microenvironment, and intercellular communication. The optimization of transcriptional regulation and protein crosstalk is essential for cellular rejuvenation in addition to variations in gene sequences. The redox-active cysteinome and antioxidant systems play crucial roles in cellular regulation and aging, and targeting them with GSH precursors could be a beneficial therapeutic approach for Parkinson's disease.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jestin Thomas, Anand Patel, Syam Das Sivadasan, Sheethal Sreevallabhan, Krishnakumar Illathu Madhavamenon, Ratheesh Mohanan
Summary: This study investigated the effects of clove buds polyphenol extract (Clovinol) and synthetic glutathione (s-GSH) on metabolic syndrome. The results showed that Clovinol significantly enhanced antioxidant capacity, improved blood sugar and lipid metabolism, and had no significant side effects.
JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL FOODS
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Linda De Bont, Natacha Donnay, Jeremy Couturier, Nicolas Rouhier
Summary: Sulfur is an essential element in plants, playing a crucial role in the synthesis of various important molecules. Plants absorb and assimilate sulfate to meet their sulfur requirements, but this process requires tight control to adapt to cellular needs and avoid the production of harmful compounds. Glutathione plays a significant regulatory role in the sulfate assimilation pathway, and protein persulfidation may also be involved.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xinmiao Lu, Muyu Wu, Siwen Wang, Jingcan Qin, Peiyong Li
Summary: In this study, a near infrared fluorescent probe (HI) was developed to detect and report intracellular cysteine and glutathione, and monitor the development of drug resistance in tumor. The probe showed strong near infrared fluorescence in response to cysteine and glutathione, with high specificity and no interference from other amino acids. Incubation with PATU-8988 and PATU-8988/Fu cells allowed for clear imaging and monitoring of intracellular cysteine and glutathione, while application to tumor-bearing mice facilitated monitoring and reporting of drug resistance.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Venugopal Gunda, Yashpal S. Chhonker, Nagabhishek Sirpu Natesh, Pratima Raut, Sakthivel Muniyan, Todd A. Wyatt, Daryl J. Murry, Surinder K. Batra, Satyanarayana Rachagani
Summary: This study revealed that cigarette smoke exposure enhances glutathione synthesis and activates NF-kappa B pathway in PDAC cells, promoting cell survival. Inhibition of NF-kappa B or depletion of cysteine impairs cell survival in smoke exposed conditions, but can be reversed by glutathione supplementation.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yanmei Fan, Xiao Tan, Hongcheng Zhao, Xiancong Tu, Xiaowen Liu, Yueqing Wang
Summary: Cysteine is a crucial amino acid involved in cellular functions and metabolism. Its levels are closely related to tumor progression, proliferation, and drug resistance. This review aims to summarize the role of cysteine in tumors and highlight its therapeutic potential in improving the quality of life for cancer patients.
CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear
Igor V. Mironov, Viktoria Yu. Kharlamova
Summary: The reduction of AuCl4- by thiomalate was studied, revealing that the process rate and product ratio can be adjusted by chloride concentration, pH, and temperature.
INORGANICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Thomas A. Parks, Parmvir K. Bahia, Thomas E. Taylor-Clark
Summary: TRPA1 channel activation is crucial for nociceptive responses, and this study found that C621 plays a key role in electrophile-induced TRPA1 activation, while the role of C665 depends on the size of the electrophile. It was discovered that supplementing with the antioxidant glutathione can rescue the slower TRPA1 activation in whole-cell recordings. Single-channel recordings revealed distinct phases of electrophilic-induced TRPA1 activation, indicating different activation states.
BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Stefanie J. Mueller-Schuessele, Finja Bohle, Jacopo Rossi, Paolo Trost, Andreas J. Meyer, Mirko Zaffagnini
Summary: The study shows that the glutathione-dependent redox network in plastids is highly conserved in streptophytes, with some variability in scavenging and damage repair enzymes. Analysis of cysteine conservation indicates that S-glutathionylation in plastids plays a significant and yet under-investigated role in redox regulation and stress response. The research reveals that certain cysteine residues undergoing S-glutathionylation are completely conserved in model species from green algae to flowering plants, pointing to independent gains and losses of cysteines during land plant evolution.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Debojyoti Pal, Archita Rai, Rahul Checker, R. S. Patwardhan, Babita Singh, Deepak Sharma, Santosh K. Sandur
Summary: Mammalian cell survival and proliferation rely heavily on their response and adaptation to changes in the redox environment, with cancer cells often living in altered redox environments. Glutathione plays a crucial role in maintaining redox homeostasis by S-glutathionylation, protecting cysteine residues from oxidation and functioning as a sensor for redox status.Understanding the role of redox adaptations during carcinogenesis, including S-glutathionylation of specific redox-sensitive proteins, is important for developing new treatment strategies, such as redox targeting drugs, for refractory/resistant cancers.
ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Konstantinos Papanikolaou, Athanasios Z. Jamurtas, Athanasios Poulios, Panagiotis Tsimeas, Dimitrios Draganidis, Nikos V. Margaritelis, Ioannis Baloyiannis, Constantinos Papadopoulos, Apostolos Sovatzidis, Chariklia K. Deli, Anastasia Rosvoglou, Kalliopi Georgakouli, Theofanis Tzatzakis, Michalis G. Nikolaidis, Ioannis G. Fatouros
Summary: This study investigated the association between dietary nutrient intake, physical fitness, and redox status in erythrocytes and skeletal muscle. The results showed that dietary cysteine intake was positively correlated with glutathione levels and glutathione reductase activity, and negatively correlated with protein carbonyls in erythrocytes. Musculoskeletal fitness and physical activity levels were related to redox biomarkers in skeletal muscle. These findings highlight the importance of cysteine intake for optimal redox regulation and suggest that musculoskeletal fitness and physical activity may influence antioxidant capacity in skeletal muscle.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pietro Ghezzi, Anna Rubartelli
Summary: There is significant interest in the role of oxygen-derived oxidants and exogenous antioxidants in infectious disease pathogenesis. Most research focuses on their effects on the inflammatory response, with oxidants being pro-inflammatory and antioxidants being anti-inflammatory. This review discusses the importance of both oxidants and thiol antioxidants in innate and adaptive immunity, particularly in defense against pathogens.
CURRENT OPINION IN CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Peter S. Harris, Courtney D. McGinnis, Cole R. Michel, John O. Marentette, Richard Reisdorph, James R. Roede, Kristofer S. Fritz
Summary: In the U.S., alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a significant healthcare burden, but the molecular mechanisms underlying ethanol hepatotoxicity are not fully understood. The metabolism of ethanol leads to disruptions in metabolic processes and oxidative stress. The reduction of cysteine residues and the impact on various pathways and protein targets reveals the importance of studying the proteome and post-translational modifications to develop therapeutic agents for ALD.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yi Ding, Pei Jun Lim, Jayler Goh, Qi Lin, Paul W. Johns
Summary: Reducing agents and oxidizing agents have different effects on the stability of cyanocobalamin. Adding thiol or dithionite increases the loss of cyanocobalamin, while adding an oxidizing agent generally improves its recovery. The instability of cyanocobalamin in heat-treated non-fat milk is caused by a combination of heat, cystine/cysteine, oxygen, and low levels of transition metals. The proposed decomposition pathway involves complexation with heat-exposed cysteine thiolate, cobalt reduction, hydrolysis of the complex, conversion to hydroxocobalamin, and irreversible oxidation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Claus Schneider, Odaine N. Gordon, Rebecca L. Edwards, Paula B. Luis
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2015)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Akil I. Joseph, Rebecca L. Edwards, Paula B. Luis, Sai Han Presley, Ned A. Porter, Claus Schneider
ORGANIC & BIOMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY
(2018)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Rebecca L. Edwards, Andrew J. Creese, Mark Baumert, Paul Griffiths, Josephine Bunch, Helen J. Cooper
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2011)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Rebecca L. Edwards, Paul Griffiths, Josephine Bunch, Helen J. Cooper
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY
(2012)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Rebecca L. Edwards, Paul Griffiths, Josephine Bunch, Helen J. Cooper
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Rebecca L. Edwards, Nicholas J. Martin, Helen J. Cooper
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Rebecca L. Edwards, Paula B. Luis, Fumie Nakashima, Andrew G. Kunihiro, Sai-Han Presley, Janet L. Funk, Claus Schneider
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2020)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Rebecca L. Edwards, Jondavid Menteer, Rachel M. Lestz, Lee Ann Baxter-Lowe
Summary: High-quality biomarkers have the potential to improve post-transplant monitoring, therapeutic intervention, and patient management. Donor-derived cell-free DNA (DD-cfDNA) is a promising minimally invasive biomarker due to its quantitative, time-sensitive, and cost-effective nature. This review summarizes the procedures, measurement, and prospects of DD-cfDNA as a transplant biomarker.
BIOMARKERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)