Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Iliana Lopez-Soldado, Joan J. J. Guinovart, Jordi Duran
Summary: This study demonstrates that increasing liver glycogen stores can reduce appetite and improve glucose tolerance in mice fed a high-fat diet. The researchers overexpressed a non-inactivatable form of glycogen synthase specifically in the liver, resulting in increased hepatic glycogen content in mice. These mice exhibited a preserved hepatic energy state, reduced food intake, lower body weight and fat mass, and improved glucose tolerance compared to control mice.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Xiaotong Sun, Hongtao Nie, Xiwu Yan
Summary: This study identified and investigated three novel glycogen metabolism-related proteins in Manila clam, suggesting their potential involvement in innate immunity and important role in immune defense.
Article
Biology
Jordan Wesel, Cheryl Ingram-Smith
Summary: This article investigates the role of glycogen in the growth and adaptation of Entamoeba histolytica to a low-glucose environment. The synthesis and degradation of glycogen are found to be vital for the parasite's growth and encystation.
Article
Oncology
E. C. de Heer, C. E. Zois, E. Bridges, B. van der Vegt, H. Sheldon, W. A. Veldman, M. C. Zwager, T. van der Sluis, S. Haider, T. Morita, O. Baba, C. P. Schroder, S. de Jong, A. L. Harris, M. Jalving
Summary: The study found that the gene GYS1 is related to tumor growth and therapy resistance in breast cancer, especially in triple-negative breast cancer. Inhibiting GYS1 weakens the proliferation ability of breast cancer cells and makes them more sensitive to inhibition of mitochondrial proteostasis.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Divya M. Teli, Anuradha K. Gajjar
Summary: Elevated glucose level due to β-cell dysfunction is a key marker of Type-II diabetes. GSK-3, an enzyme involved in glycogen metabolism control, has been explored for its potential as a target for diabetes treatment. This review article examines the structural analysis and molecular modeling of GSK-3, as well as advancements in the development of GSK-3 inhibitors as potential therapeutics for Type II diabetes.
BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Katherine J. Donohue, Bethany Fitzsimmons, Ronald C. Bruntz, Kia H. Markussen, Lyndsay E. A. Young, Harrison A. Clarke, Peyton T. Coburn, Laiken E. Griffith, William Sanders, Jack Klier, Sara N. Burke, Andrew P. Maurer, Berge A. Minassian, Ramon C. Sun, Holly B. Kordasiewisz, Matthew S. Gentry
Summary: Patients with Lafora disease have a mutation in EPM2A or EPM2B, leading to dysregulated glycogen metabolism and the formation of Lafora bodies. In a mouse model, reducing glycogen synthesis by 50% decreased Lafora body formation and disease phenotypes. By targeting Gys1, an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) was able to reduce glycogen synthesis in the brain and halt disease progression.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Izabela Gutowska, Agnieszka Maruszewska, Marta Skorka-Majewicz, Agnieszka Kempinska-Podhorodecka, Agnieszka Kolasa, Agata Wszolek, Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka, Wojciech Zwierello
Summary: Human exposure to fluorine from multiple sources can lead to metabolic disorders, particularly in muscle cells. This study investigated the impact of fluoride exposure on enzymes involved in muscle glycogen metabolism. It was found that fluoride exposure altered energy state, enzyme expression, and glycogen deposition in cells.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chun Zhou, Zhuxian Zhang, Mengyi Liu, Yuanyuan Zhang, Huan Li, Panpan He, Qinqin Li, Chengzhang Liu, Xianhui Qin
Summary: The study found a U-shaped association between the percentage of energy from carbohydrate intake and new-onset diabetes, with the lowest risk at 49-56% of carbohydrate intake. There was an L-shaped association between high-quality carbohydrate intake and new-onset diabetes, and a J-shaped association of low-quality carbohydrate intake with new-onset diabetes. The findings suggest that consuming high-quality carbohydrates and substituting plant-based products for low-quality carbohydrates may help prevent diabetes.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lori Israelian, Silvia Nitschke, Peixiang Wang, Xiaochu Zhao, Ami M. Perri, Jennifer P. Y. Lee, Brandy Verhalen, Felix Nitschke, Berge A. Minassian
Summary: This study investigates the impact of eliminating different PP1 subunits, such as PPP1R3D and PPP1R3C, on the formation of Lafora bodies and glycogen metabolism in the nervous system. The research reveals that PPP1R3C is the major isoform in most tissues, while PPP1R3D plays a significant role in neurons and cardiomyocytes. These findings contribute to a better understanding of brain glycogen metabolism and Lafora disease.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Long He, Jennifer Endress, Sungyun Cho, Zhongchi Li, Yuxiang Zheng, John M. Asara, John Blenis
Summary: Serine/one-carbon metabolism plays a critical role in cancer cell growth, but the regulatory mechanisms are not well understood. This study reveals that glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) plays a key role in regulating the expression of serine/one-carbon metabolic enzymes. Inhibition of nuclear GSK3 signaling enhances the efficacy of serine/one-carbon metabolism inhibitors in suppressing cancer cell proliferation.
Article
Cell Biology
Natalia N. Bezborodkina, Sergey V. Okovityi, Boris N. Kudryavtsev
Summary: The study indicated that liver cirrhosis caused by chronic hepatitis results in alterations in glycogen metabolism, leading to a significant increase in glycogen content in hepatocytes in both humans and rats. This increase may be attributed to a decrease in glycogenolysis due to reduced activity of G6Pase and GP.
Article
Neurosciences
Olga Varea, Jordi Duran, Monica Aguilera, Neus Prats, Joan J. Guinovart
Summary: Lafora disease (LD) is a fatal adolescence-onset neurodegenerative condition characterized by the accumulation of aberrant glycogen aggregates known as Lafora bodies (LBs). Early suppression of glycogen synthase (MGS) can prevent LB formation and pathological manifestations of LD, but it is unclear whether late suppression of MGS can halt LB accumulation. Further research is needed to understand the potential therapeutic effects of targeting MGS in LD treatment.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Jiajie Tao, Yu Zhang, Dixin Wang, Xueluan Jiang, Yijun Liu, Naisong Chen, Songlin Li
Summary: The study found that the genes GYS2 and PYGL of largemouth bass are highly expressed in the liver, with their expression being affected by high dietary carbohydrate levels and the use of resveratrol.
AQUACULTURE REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Pashupati Bhandari, Janet E. Hill
Summary: Increased abundance of Gardnerella spp. is a diagnostic characteristic of bacterial vaginosis, an imbalance in the human vaginal microbiome associated with troubling symptoms and negative reproductive health outcomes. Competition for nutrients is likely an important factor in causing dramatic shifts in the vaginal microbial community.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Julia L. Bone, Megan L. Ross, Kristyen A. Tomcik, Nikki A. Jeacocke, Alannah K. A. McKay, Louise M. Burke
Summary: Despite promising results in early validation studies, newer research from independent groups has shown discrepancies in MuscleSound(R) scores correlating with actual muscle glycogen content, raising questions about the validity of this technology. Requires further research to confirm its effectiveness.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Floris K. Hendriks, Jeffrey H. W. Kuijpers, Janneau M. X. van Kranenburg, Joan M. G. Senden, Frank M. Van der Sande, Jeroen P. Kooman, Steven J. R. Meex, Luc J. C. van Loon
Summary: This study recruited 10 ESRD patients for a randomized crossover trial and found that protein ingestion and exercise during hemodialysis did not compromise the removal of uremic toxins.
JOURNAL OF RENAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Guilherme Defante Telles, Cleiton Augusto Libardi, Miguel Soares Conceicao, Felipe Cassaro Vechin, Manoel Emilio Lixandrao, Flavia Regina Rotea Mangone, Ana Carolina Pavanelli, Maria Aparecida Nagai, Donny Michael Camera, John A. Hawley, Carlos Ugrinowitsch
Summary: This study aimed to compare the time course changes in DNA methylation and mRNA expression for selected myogenic regulatory factors immediately after, 4 h after, and 8 h after a single bout of resistance exercise, high-intensity interval exercise, and concurrent exercise. The results showed that the mean methylation across all CpGs analyzed was reduced after 4 and 8 h in response to all exercise protocols. In addition, all exercise bouts increased mRNA expression over time.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Lisanne H. P. Houben, Maarten Overkamp, Puck Van Kraaij, Jorn Trommelen, Joep G. H. Van Roermund, Peter De Vries, Kevin De Laet, Saskia van der Meer, Ulla R. Mikkelsen, Lex B. Verdijk, Luc J. C. Van Loon, Sandra Beijer, Milou Beelen
Summary: This study aimed to assess the effects of 20 wk resistance exercise training with or without protein supplementation on body composition, muscle mass, muscle strength, physical performance, and aerobic capacity in prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). The results showed that resistance exercise training can counteract the adverse effects of ADT on body composition, muscle mass, muscle strength, and aerobic capacity, while protein supplementation did not provide additional benefits.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Evelyn B. Parr, Imre W. K. Kouw, Michael J. Wheeler, Bridget E. Radford, Rebecca C. Hall, Joan M. Senden, Joy P. B. Goessens, Luc J. C. van Loon, John A. Hawley
Summary: This study aimed to assess the impact of time-restricted eating (TRE) on integrated skeletal muscle myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) rates in males with overweight/obesity. The study found no significant difference in daily MyoPS rates between the TRE group and the control group, but the TRE group had lower total blood glucose levels, greater total body mass reduction, and more lean mass loss. These findings suggest that time-restricted eating may have potential benefits for health management, but further research is needed.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Carissa Gardiner, Jonathon Weakley, Louise M. Burke, Gregory D. Roach, Charli Sargent, Nirav Maniar, Andrew Townshend, Shona L. Halson
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effects of caffeine on sleep characteristics, finding that it reduced total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and deep sleep, while increasing sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset. The study provides evidence-based recommendations, suggesting that caffeine should be consumed at least 8.8 hours before bedtime to avoid negative effects on sleep.
SLEEP MEDICINE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Maarten Overkamp, Lisanne H. P. Houben, Saskia van der Meer, Joep G. H. van Roermund, Ronald Bos, Arjan P. J. Kokshoorn, Mads S. Larsen, Luc J. C. van Loon, Milou Beelen, Sandra Beijer
Summary: The study aimed to assess the adverse impact of androgen deprivation therapy on body composition, physical performance, cardiometabolic health, and health-related quality-of-life in prostate cancer patients. The findings showed that after 5 months of therapy, patients experienced declines in body fat mass, muscle mass, muscle strength, aerobic capacity, metabolic parameters, habitual physical activity, and health-related quality-of-life, suggesting that androgen deprivation therapy has adverse effects on patients.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Luuk Hilkens, Marleen Boerboom, Nick van Schijndel, Judith Bons, Luc J. C. van Loon, Jan-Willem van Dijk
Summary: This study examined whether collagen supplementation enhances the effects of high-impact exercise on bone metabolism and whether increasing exercise frequency provides greater benefits. The results showed that 5 minutes of daily high-impact exercise can stimulate bone formation, but collagen supplementation or increased exercise frequency does not further increase bone formation.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Cas J. Fuchs, Remco Kuipers, Jan A. Rombouts, Kim Brouwers, Vera B. Schrauwen-Hinderling, Joachim E. Wildberger, Lex B. Verdijk, Luc J. C. van Loon
Summary: This study assessed the differences in muscle group volumes between young and older males and found that the most significant differences were observed in the thigh muscle group, with the quadriceps femoris showing the largest difference in muscle volume between young and older men. Overall, young men have larger muscle volumes compared to older men.
EXPERIMENTAL GERONTOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Maarten Overkamp, Lisanne H. P. Houben, Thorben Aussieker, Janneau M. X. van Kranenburg, Philippe J. M. Pinckaers, Ulla R. Mikkelsen, Milou Beelen, Sandra Beijer, Luc J. C. van Loon, Tim Snijders
Summary: ADT reduces skeletal muscle mass in prostate cancer patients, but resistance exercise training can offset this effect.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Heather L. Petrick, Rachel M. Handy, Bayley Vachon, Sara M. Frangos, Andrew M. Holwerda, Annemarie P. Gijsen, Joan M. Senden, Luc J. C. van Loon, Graham P. Holloway
Summary: Muscle disuse decreases muscle protein synthesis rates and induces atrophy, while nitrate supplementation can improve mitochondrial function. This study found that nitrate intake could prevent the decline in mitochondrial function caused by muscle disuse, but it was not able to prevent muscle atrophy.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Thorben Aussieker, Luuk Hilkens, Andrew m. Holwerda, Cas j. Fuchs, Lisanne h. p. Houben, Joan m. Senden, Jan-willem VAN Dijk, Tim Snijders, Luc j. c. VAN Loon
Summary: This study assessed the impact of whey protein and collagen protein on postexercise protein synthesis rates. The results showed that whey protein increased myofibrillar protein synthesis rates, but had no effect on muscle connective protein synthesis rates. Collagen protein did not further increase muscle connective protein synthesis rates during the early stages of postexercise recovery in recreational athletes.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Jorn Trommelen, Glenn A. A. van Lieshout, Pardeep Pabla, Jean Nyakayiru, Floris K. K. Hendriks, Joan M. M. Senden, Joy P. B. Goessens, Janneau M. X. van Kranenburg, Annemie P. P. Gijsen, Lex B. B. Verdijk, Lisette C. P. G. M. de Groot, Luc J. C. van Loon
Summary: Pre-sleep ingestion of casein and whey protein increases overnight muscle protein synthesis rates after exercise.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Devin G. McCarthy, Jack Bone, Matthew Fong, Phillippe J. M. Pinckaers, William Bostad, Douglas L. Richards, Luc J. C. van Loon, Martin J. Gibala
Summary: The effect of acute ketone monoester (KE) supplementation on exercise performance is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the difference in mean power output during a 20-min cycling time trial (TT) after KE ingestion compared to a placebo (PL). Twenty-three trained cyclists completed two trials with either KE or PL ingestion. The results showed that mean TT power output was lower after KE ingestion compared to PL, suggesting impaired performance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Glenn A. A. van Lieshout, Jorn Trommelen, Jean Nyakayiru, Janneau van Kranenburg, Joan M. Senden, Lex B. Verdijk, Luc J. C. van Loon
Summary: This study assessed the postprandial plasma amino acid concentrations after ingestion of protein in either solid or liquid form. The results showed that there was no difference in the availability of amino acids after consuming protein as a bar or as a drink in healthy adult females.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Floris K. Hendriks, Michelle E. G. Weijzen, Joy P. B. Goessens, Antoine H. G. Zorenc, Annemie P. Gijsen, Irene Fleur Kramer, Joop P. W. van den Bergh, Martijn Poeze, Taco J. Blokhuis, Luc J. C. van Loon
Summary: Bone protein synthesis is still ongoing in femoral head bone tissue during the early stages following an intracapsular hip fracture in older patients, but trabecular bone protein synthesis rates are lower in the femoral head when compared to the proximal femur.