Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Konstantinos Gerasimidis, Ben Nichols, Mhairi McGowan, Vaios Svolos, Rodanthi Papadopoulou, Margarita Kokkorou, Martina Rebull, Teresita Bello Gonzalez, Richard Hansen, Richard Kay Russell, Daniel Richard Gaya
Summary: Despite microbial dysbiosis, patients with IBD have a similar capacity to ferment fiber and release SCFA as healthy controls. Fiber supplementation alone may be unlikely to restore the compositional shifts characteristic of the IBD microbiome back to a healthy state.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Anna M. E. Hoogeveen, Paul J. Moughan, Sharon J. Henare, Philipp Schulze, Warren C. McNabb, Carlos A. Montoya
Summary: This study found that the degree of ileal organic matter fermentation in growing pigs is comparable to hindgut fermentation. Additionally, the fermentation, short-chain fatty acid production, and microbial community composition in the ileum and hindgut are influenced by different dietary fiber sources.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Alissa Cait, Anna Mooney, Hazel Poyntz, Nick Shortt, Angela Jones, Aurelie Gestin, Katie Gell, Alix Grooby, David O'Sullivan, Jeffry S. Tang, Wayne Young, Darmiga Thayabaran, Jenny Sparks, Tess Ostapowicz, Audrey Tay, Sally D. Poppitt, Sarah Elliott, Georgia Wakefield, Amber Parry-Strong, Jacqui Ralston, Richard Beasley, Mark Weatherall, Irene Braithwaite, Elizabeth Forbes-Blom, Olivier Gasser
Summary: Research suggests that dietary fiber may have a significant impact on humoral vaccine responses, with fiber intake positively correlated with immune responses in vaccinees, while prior influenza vaccination negatively impacts immunogenicity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sarvenaz Khalili Tilami, Lenka Kourimska
Summary: Dietary lipids derived from plants have different compositions of fatty acids, which have different effects on human health. The nutritional value and fatty acid composition of various plants were evaluated by calculating and reviewing the atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices of nine different categories of fats and oils. The differences in fatty acid composition and changes in lipid health indices indicate their importance in the human diet.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Camila Farias, Camila Cisternas, Juan Cristobal Gana, Gigliola Alberti, Francisca Echeverria, Luis A. Videla, Lorena Mercado, Yasna Munoz, Rodrigo Valenzuela
Summary: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in pediatrics, and children and adolescents with obesity are at increased risk of the disease. Currently, there is no effective drug therapy in pediatrics, making lifestyle interventions the primary treatment option.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
A. F. Bekebrede, L. Noorman, J. Keijer, V. C. J. de Boer, W. J. J. Gerrits
Summary: The intestine is a highly metabolic organ that relies on energy production within the intestinal cells to sustain its functions. Protein fermentation metabolites are known to negatively impact intestinal metabolic function, while fibre fermentation metabolites are generally thought beneficial. This study aimed to investigate the impact of proteins with different digestibility and fiber levels on colonocyte energy metabolism. The results showed that feeding poorly digestible protein collagen increased nitrogen flow into the colon, while feeding high fermentable fiber increased colonic fluxes of both fiber-derived and protein-derived metabolites. Furthermore, high fermentable fiber intake was found to lower colonocyte mitochondrial and glycolytic metabolism. Evaluation of intestinal cell metabolic capacity may be a valuable tool for future research.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zongyao Huyan, Nicoletta Pellegrini, Wilma Steegenga, Edoardo Capuano
Summary: This study examines the metabolism of dietary lipids by human gut microbiota and finds that the chemical form of lipids and the presence of plant matrix can affect the change in lipids. Several bioactive fatty acid metabolites are identified, and it is discovered that microbial fatty acid metabolites may be incorporated into bacterial cells.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Jasmina Masten Rutar, Marta Jagodic Hudobivnik, Marijan Necemer, Katarina Vogel Mikus, Iztok Arcon, Nives Ogrinc
Summary: This study analyzed commercially available Spirulina supplements in Slovenia and found that they are a good source of calcium, phosphorous, potassium, and selenium. Pure Spirulina supplements are also a good source of essential and non-essential amino acids, as well as omega-6 fatty acids. However, the presence of additives led to significant variation in nutrient content, and there were many inappropriate declarations regarding the elemental content.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhihong Zhang, Songtao Fan, Gary J. Duncan, Amanda Morris, Donna Henderson, Philip Morrice, Wendy R. Russell, Sylvia H. Duncan, Madalina Neacsu
Summary: Pseudo-cereals like buckwheat hulls are a valuable but underexplored source of dietary fiber and bioactive phytochemicals. This study found that bioprocessing treatments significantly increased the extractability of various phytochemicals from buckwheat hulls, making them more bioaccessible to the colon. Additionally, the fiber in buckwheat hulls was found to be fermentable, promoting the formation of propionate and butyrate. These findings highlight the potential of buckwheat hulls as a source of dietary fiber and phytochemicals.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Environmental Sciences
Stefanie M. Colombo
Summary: Global warming and overfishing have negative impacts on the distribution of fish species, overall catch, and the viability of aquaculture, which in turn limits our access to vital micronutrients essential for human health.
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Fatemeh Shafie, Shirin Tajadod, Zahra Aslany, Pooneh Allahyari, Mahsa Vahdat, Soheila Shekari, Golsa Khalatbari Mohseni, Maryam Gholamalizadeh, Saeideh Mohammadi, Bojlul Bahar, Hanieh Shafaei, Saeid Doaei
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between breast cancer and dietary fat quality indices in Iranian women. The results showed that breast cancer patients had a higher total fat intake and a lower omega-3/omega-6 ratio. Total fat intake was significantly associated with breast cancer risk, suggesting that low-fat diets may have beneficial effects for breast cancer prevention.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Liyi Wang, Qiuyun Nong, Yanbing Zhou, Ye Sun, Wentao Chen, Jintang Xie, Xiaodong Zhu, Tizhong Shan
Summary: This study investigated the effect of different n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) ratios on serum fatty acid composition, microbiota, and their metabolites in the intestine of pigs. The results showed that a lower dietary n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio improved serum fatty acid composition and metabolome-microbiome responses in Heigai pigs. This study provides new insights into regulating pig metabolism and understanding the interaction between host and microbes in pigs.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Saurabh Kadyan, Gwoncheol Park, Bo Wang, Prashant Singh, Bahram Arjmandi, Ravinder Nagpal
Summary: Emerging evidence suggests that plant-based fiber-rich diets improve ageing-associated health through a healthier gut microbiome and microbial metabolites. However, the effects and mechanisms of resistant starches from dietary pulses are not well-studied. This study examines the prebiotic effects of resistant starch from different dietary pulses on the gut metabolome in aged mice. The results show differential abundance of specific metabolites among different resistant starch groups, with lentils and chickpeas increasing butyrate, and inulin promoting propionate. The study also reveals the association of beneficial metabolites with certain microbial groups and harmful metabolites with others.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Lichun Xiao, Siyu Yi, Md Abul Kalam Azad, Mingqian Huang, Xiaoquan Guo, Xiangfeng Kong
Summary: This study evaluated the nutritional values and in vitro fermentation characteristics of 29 different Chinese herbs to develop effective feed additives. The results showed that Allium tuberosum Rottl had the highest nutritional value, while Anemones raddeanae Rhizoma, Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, and Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl showed better intestinal fermentation profiles.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Dongwu Liu, Lingyao Li, Lingling Shan, Qin Zhang, Hairui Yu
Summary: Dietary iron affects lipid deposition, nutritional element content, and muscle quality in coho salmon. Higher dietary iron levels reduce triglyceride content and the activity of fatty acid synthetase, while increasing muscle iron content. In addition, dietary iron levels alter the content of fatty acids and free amino acids, and increase muscle fiber size. Lower dietary iron levels also affect the hardness, chewiness, resilience, springiness, cohesiveness, and gumminess of salmon muscle.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Gianluca Neglia, Serena Calabro, Alessio Cotticelli, Angela Salzano, Roberta Matera, Alessandro Vastolo, Nunzia D'Onofrio, Andrea Giorgino, Elisa Martino, Maria L. Balestrieri, Giuseppe Campanile
Summary: The inclusion of former food products in the diet of buffaloes as an alternative to green forage did not significantly affect fermentation characteristics, milk yield and quality, and the content of certain biomolecules and total antioxidant activity. Therefore, biscuit meal can be used as a substitute for green fodder to ensure environmental sustainability and optimize costs without compromising milk quality.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ANIMAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Claudia Pinelli, Anna Scandurra, Vincenzo Mastellone, Piera Iommelli, Nadia Musco, Maria Elena Pero, Alfredo Di Lucrezia, Daria Lotito, Raffaella Tudisco, Biagio D'Aniello, Federico Infascelli, Pietro Lombardi
Summary: In this study, the relationship between oxytocin and cortisol levels and behaviors directed at humans by calves in the impossible task paradigm was investigated. The results showed a positive correlation between cortisol and the latency of behaviors directed at the caregiver, and a negative correlation between the duration of behaviors directed at the apparatus and both the caregiver and a stranger. Contrary to previous studies on cows, no correlation was found between oxytocin levels and behaviors directed at the caregiver, indicating a different behavioral strategy between calves and cows in the face of an impossible task.
Editorial Material
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Bossima Ivan Koura, Maria Shipandeni, Monica Isabella Cutrignelli
Article
Agronomy
Fabio Zicarelli, Fiorella Sarubbi, Piera Iommelli, Micaela Grossi, Daria Lotito, Raffaella Tudisco, Federico Infascelli, Nadia Musco, Pietro Lombardi
Summary: Knowing the chemical composition of forages and feeds is crucial for formulating balanced rations for ruminants. In this study, samples of corn silage grown in different locations in South Italy were collected and analyzed using NIRS. The nutritional characteristics of the analyzed samples were significantly affected by the area of cultivation/storage.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Alessandro Vastolo, Serena Calabro, Domenico Carotenuto, Monica Isabella Cutrignelli, Dieu Donne Kiatti, Simona Tafuri, Francesca Ciani
Summary: The aim of this study is to investigate the chemical composition, in vitro fermentation characteristics, and antioxidant effects of three different colored maca (yellow, black, and red) on cow rumen liquor. The results showed that all maca ecotypes had high concentrations of non-structural carbohydrates, especially the yellow ecotype. Additionally, the addition of maca to the total mixed ratio increased volatile fatty acids and reduced methane production, indicating a potential for improving rumen fermentation.
FERMENTATION-BASEL
(2023)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Daria Lotito, Eleonora Pacifico, Sara Matuozzo, Nadia Musco, Piera Iommelli, Fabio Zicarelli, Raffaella Tudisco, Federico Infascelli, Pietro Lombardi
Summary: This review compared the composition, characteristics, and management of dairy buffalo calves with those of bovines. The neonatal period is crucial for buffalo calves and is associated with a high mortality rate. Early intake of high-quality colostrum and vaccination play important roles in improving their immune system and reducing mortality rates. The study also highlighted the expanding buffalo breeding industry in Italy and the importance of understanding specific research on buffalo colostrum.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Federico Infascelli, Nadia Musco, Daria Lotito, Eleonora Pacifico, Sara Matuozzo, Fabio Zicarelli, Piera Iommelli, Raffaella Tudisco, Pietro Lombardi
Summary: The Noble Method (R) is a novel livestock management approach that has been successfully introduced in Italy and other countries. It emphasizes a high forage/concentrate ratio, no use of silage and supplements, no GMOs, and the availability of outdoor paddocks. The method aims to improve the nutritional properties of milk and has been shown to reduce methane emissions, provide economic benefits, and enhance the sustainability of the milk supply chain. Recent studies have revealed that the Noble Method (R) not only improves the nutritional qualities of dairy products but also enhances animal welfare, human health, and environmental sustainability within a One Health approach.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Fabio Zicarelli, Raffaella Tudisco, Daria Lotito, Nadia Musco, Piera Iommelli, Maria Ferrara, Serena Calabro, Federico Infascelli, Pietro Lombardi
Summary: The study evaluated the in vivo digestibility and in vitro degradability of five diets with different forage/concentrate ratios in horses. The results showed no significant differences in the in vivo tests. In the in vitro fermentation, four diets exhibited a similar trend in gas production, indicating good activity of the fecal micro population. Further investigations are needed to improve the technique.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Dieu Donne Kiatti, Alessandro Vastolo, Bossima Ivan Koura, Paola Vitaglione, Monica Isabella Cutrignelli, Serena Calabro
Summary: The chemical composition and in vitro fermentation of pineapple by-products from two West African pineapple varieties were evaluated. Significant differences were observed between the varieties and by-products. Pineapple by-products have the potential to be used in ruminants' diets, but further research is needed to assess their storability and impact on animals.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Alfredo Di Lucrezia, Anna Scandurra, Claudia Pinelli, Nadia Musco, Biagio D'Aniello, Vincenzo Mastellone, Fabio Zicarelli, Maria Elena Pero, Pietro Lombardi
Summary: This research examines the influence of limited human socialization on the socio-cognitive abilities and interactions of dogs and goats. The study finds that dogs exhibit higher interaction frequencies with humans compared to goats, indicating a potential inclination for engaging with humans. However, there are no significant differences in interaction duration and latency between the two species, highlighting the complexity of these interactions.
Article
Agronomy
Biagina Chiofalo, Alessandro Vastolo, Marianna Oteri, Serena Calabro, Rosangela Armone, Danilo Scordia, Monica Isabella Cutrignelli, Fabio Gresta
Summary: This study compared the characteristics of twelve accessions of Amaranthus spp. in terms of agronomic traits, chemical composition, fatty acid profile, and in vitro fermentation. The results showed that certain accessions, such as Benin and Arizona (A. cruentus) and Pennsylvania (A. hypochondriacus), had high seed yields, while Taiwan (A. tricolor) and India and Iowa (A. hypochondriacus) had high thousand seed weights. A. hypochondriacus exhibited the highest crude protein, starch, and soluble detergent fiber contents, along with favorable in vitro fermentation characteristics. Among the accessions, Arizona (A. cruentus) had the highest level of monounsaturated fatty acids, Ohio (A. hybridus) had the highest levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids and n6-PUFA, and India (A. hypochondriacus) had the highest level of n3-PUFA. The study suggests that A. hypochondriacus has desirable nutritive characteristics and agronomic traits, as well as suitability to Mediterranean growing conditions. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and evaluate genotype by environment interaction with a wider range of Amaranth germplasm.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Francesca Perondi, Donal Bisanzio, Raffaella Adami, Ilaria Lippi, Giorgia Meineri, Monica Isabella Cutrignelli, Selena Massa, Elisa Martello
Summary: Oxidative stress is common in human and veterinary conditions and is associated with changes in glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels. In a randomized double-blinded control trial on healthy dogs, administration of a supplement containing S-acetyl-glutathione (SAG) and other antioxidants for 35 days increased GPx levels and positively affected liver blood parameters. These promising results suggest that further studies using the same supplement on dogs with liver conditions could confirm its antioxidant effects and potential to improve altered blood parameters.
ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
(2023)
