Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Qiu-Yi Duan, Ya-Xuan Zhu, Hao-Ran Jia, Shi-Hao Wang, Fu-Gen Wu
Summary: This review introduces the history, preparation methods, properties, and applications of nanogels. It first discusses the classification and differences of nanogels from macro-sized hydrogels and other nanoparticles. Then, it focuses on the synthetic methods, properties, and applications of nanogels in drug delivery, imaging, detection, and regenerative medicine. It also raises the current problems and challenges in the field of nanogels, aiming to inspire researchers to develop more functional nanogels and promote their practical applications in various fields.
PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Rawan Charbaji, Mrityunjoy Kar, Loryn E. Theune, Julian Bergueiro, Anne Eichhorst, Lucila Navarro, Patrick Graff, Friederike Stumpff, Marcelo Calderon, Sarah Hedtrich
Summary: This report describes the synthesis of novel disulfide-containing dendritic polyglycerol (dPG)-based nanogels and their preclinical testing for efficient transmucosal drug delivery. Absorption studies show that these nanogels efficiently overcome mucosal barriers and deliver anti-inflammatory biomacromolecules into epithelial tissues, resulting in local anti-inflammatory effects. The study also highlights the importance of a multifaceted approach for the preclinical testing of mucosal drug-delivery systems.
Review
Polymer Science
Brielle Stawicki, Tyler Schacher, Hyunah Cho
Summary: Chemotherapy and radiation are mainstays in cancer treatment globally, but some therapies have limited specificity and cause harsh side effects in patients. Nanogels, as a unique drug delivery system, show promise in the treatment of brain cancer, despite complications such as handling and chemical stability. Ongoing development of nanogels offers a patient-centered approach for managing brain cancer.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xianbin Ma, Shu-Jin Li, Yuantong Liu, Tian Zhang, Peng Xue, Yuejun Kang, Zhi-Jun Sun, Zhigang Xu
Summary: Nanogels, as a versatile drug delivery system, play a crucial role in cancer immunotherapy, offering advantages such as enhanced drug bioavailability and reduced immune-related adverse events.
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Yuan Zhong, Ali Maruf, Kai Qu, Malgorzata Milewska, Ilona Wandzik, Nianlian Mou, Yu Cao, Wei Wu
Summary: Atherosclerosis is a common vascular disease characterized by cholesterol-driven plaque formation in arteries. Trehalose-releasing nanogels (TNG) have been developed to restore impaired autophagy and reduce lipid accumulation, leading to a decrease in atherosclerotic plaques.
JOURNAL OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Cuixia Li, Sreekanth Reddy Obireddy, Wing-Fu Lai
Summary: Nanogels possess high tunability and stability, are widely used in drug delivery applications, and this article aims to introduce the latest knowledge on their preparation and application.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Yanhong Liu, Linjiao Chen, Qingyang Shi, Qing Zhao, Hongshuang Ma
Summary: Tumor microenvironment-responsive polypeptide nanogels have excellent biocompatibility and degradability, and can be used for selective delivery of antitumor drugs. These nanogels can release drugs in response to stimuli from tumor tissues or cells, reducing side effects and improving efficacy.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Polymer Science
Aristeidis Papagiannopoulos, Konstantinos Sotiropoulos
Summary: This review focuses on polysaccharide nanogels (NGs) and microgels (MGs), which are nano and microstructures with a networked internal structure based on polysaccharide chains. The number of articles on NGs and MGs in scientific journals has been increasing, indicating the growing contribution of polysaccharides in this field. The review highlights various fabrication methods and presents the potentials and properties of polysaccharide NGs and MGs in medicinal and food sciences.
Review
Engineering, Biomedical
Manja Kubeil, Yota Suzuki, Maria Antonietta Casulli, Rozy Kamal, Takeshi Hashimoto, Michael Bachmann, Takashi Hayashita, Holger Stephan
Summary: Nanogels have a wide range of applications in the field of biomedicine, particularly in drug delivery, therapeutic applications, tissue engineering, and sensor systems. Cyclodextrin-based nanogels are highly biocompatible and customizable, making them especially important. While most biological investigations are currently carried out in vitro, in vivo applications are becoming more important. Radiolabeled nanogels have potential for imaging and therapy.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dao-Qiang Lu, Dahai Liu, Justin Liu, Wen-Xing Li, Yilong Ai, Jun Wang, Daogang Guan
Summary: This study presents a simple method for generating chitosan-based nanogels through photo-crosslinking without the need for any emulsifying agent, catalyst, or external crosslinker. The nanogels showed uniform diameter and excellent stability, indicating their potential as drug carriers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Applied
S. Peers, A. Montembault, C. Ladaviere
Summary: This review focuses on the development of complex drug delivery systems composed of chitosan hydrogels embedding different types of colloids to achieve delayed drug release. The review also provides detailed information on the biomedical applications of these final systems.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2022)
Article
Polymer Science
Tao Xu, Dimitrios Skoulas, Dawei Ding, Sally-Ann Cryan, Andreas Heise
Summary: In this study, responsive biocompatible nanogels were synthesized for controlled mucosal delivery and release of drugs. The nanogels exhibited suitable size and morphology, and showed responsiveness to reducing agents in the intracellular environment. This work provides a new approach for drug delivery in anti-cancer therapy by overcoming mucosal barriers.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ali Maruf, Malgorzata Milewska, Anna Lalik, Sebastian Student, Ilona Wandzik
Summary: In this study, acrylamide-based nanogels containing cationic groups and redox-sensitive crosslinkers were developed for cellular delivery of anti-miR21 (a-miR21). Successful miRNA loading was confirmed and stable miRNA release was achieved.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Gan Hu, Zahra Batool, Zhaoxia Cai, Yuanyuan Liu, Meihu Ma, Long Sheng, Yongguo Jin
Summary: The study evaluated the potential usage of acylated ovalbumin nanogels as delivery systems for curcumin. These AOVA nanogels showed improved physicochemical properties compared to NOVA nanogels, leading to higher encapsulation efficiency and slower sustained release of curcumin. The findings suggested that AOVA nanogels could serve as a novel ideal carrier for hydrophobic active compounds.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Enrico Gallo, Carlo Diaferia, Elisabetta Rosa, Giovanni Smaldone, Giancarlo Morelli, Antonella Accardo
Summary: Peptide-based hydrogels and nanogels loaded with Doxorubicin or its liposomal formulation were successfully synthesized and characterized with high drug loading content and stability. The relative peptide composition was found to influence drug release kinetics and cell viability. The different cellular localization of the drug delivered through hydrogels and nanogels suggests alternative internalization mechanisms, showing potential for drug delivery applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Filippo Pinelli, Marjan Saadati, Ehsan Nazarzadeh Zare, Pooyan Makvandi, Maurizio Masi, Alessandro Sacchetti, Filippo Rossi
Summary: Nanogels have emerged as highly promising biomaterials with a wide range of applications. They have been recognized as efficient drug delivery systems for in vivo applications and have also shown potential in areas such as sensing materials, catalysts, and environmental adsorbents. This study aims to enhance our understanding of their possible uses and synthesis methods by reviewing the existing literature.
INTERNATIONAL MATERIALS REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Hesham Alhumade, Jean Constantino Gomes da Silva, Emanuele Mauri, Muhammad Sajjad Ahmad, Yusuf Al-Turki, Nagaraju Pasupulety, Ali Elkamel
Summary: This study evaluated the feasibility of using Holy Thistle for energy and organic chemical production through pyrolysis, showing that the products of pyrolysis align with cleaner production of bio-gas, char, and bio-oil.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT-X
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Emanuele Limiti, Pamela Mozetic, Sara M. Giannitelli, Filippo Pinelli, Xiaoyu Han, Danila Del Rio, Franca Abbruzzese, Francesco Basoli, Laura Rosano, Stefano Scialla, Marcella Trombetta, Giuseppe Gigli, Zhenyu J. Zhang, Emanuele Mauri, Alberto Rainer
Summary: The emulsion/evaporation method is a pivotal approach for synthesizing nanogels for controlled drug delivery. However, it is limited in its use of polymers with phase-selective solubility in organic or aqueous solutions. This study presents an innovative emulsion-based strategy for producing nanogels from water-immiscible polymers hyaluronic acid (HA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI), which are chemically crosslinked. The nanogels obtained through this surfactant-free mixed emulsion exhibit low polydispersity, good colloidal stability, and high batch-to-batch reproducibility.
ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Filippo Pinelli, Marjan Saadati, Arianna Rossetti, Filippo Rossi, Alessandro Sacchetti
Summary: Nanogels are biocompatible and biodegradable colloids that show potential in drug delivery applications. However, encapsulating hydrophobic compounds in nanogels has proven to be challenging. This study investigates the chemical modification of linear polyethyleneimine (PEI) to improve the loading and release of hydrophobic drugs from nanogels. The introduction of modifications in the nanogel framework results in optimal loading and encapsulation efficiency for hydrophobic molecules.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Massimiliano De Paola, Francesca Pischiutta, Davide Comolli, Alessandro Mariani, Joe Kelk, Ilaria Lisi, Milica Cerovic, Stefano Fumagalli, Gianluigi Forloni, Elisa R. Zanier
Summary: Brain ischemia is a common acute injury caused by impaired blood flow to the brain. Translating effective drug candidates from experimental models to patients has been consistently unsuccessful. However, using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) provides new opportunities to gain insights into diseases such as brain ischemia. By using a 3D self-assembling iPSC-derived model, researchers were able to characterize the effects of ischemia on neuronal death and impaired neuronal network complexity.
JOURNAL OF CEREBRAL BLOOD FLOW AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Laura Tapella, Giulia Dematteis, Armando A. Genazzani, Massimiliano De Paola, Dmitry Lim
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with no cure. Astrocytes, the principal homeostatic cells in the central nervous system, play a significant role in AD pathogenesis. Various cellular models, such as tumor-derived cell lines and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived astrocytes, have been used to study cellular dysfunction in AD. However, stable cell lines from genetic mouse AD models are lacking. Recently, immortalized hippocampal astroglial cell lines from 3xTg-AD mice have been established and proven to be a valuable cellular model for studying astrocyte-specific AD-related alterations and preclinical drug discovery.
NEURAL REGENERATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Filippo Rossi, Yuta Kurashina, Hiroaki Onoe
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Giulia Camana, Mirko Tavano, Min Li, Franca Castiglione, Filippo Rossi, Francesco Cellesi
Summary: In this study, functional Pluronic F127 precursors were designed and synthesized for the preparation of thermosensitive hydrogels. The properties of these gels were compared to those obtained through free radical crosslinking of F127 diacrylate. The study provides a method for creating tailored hydrogels suitable for various biomedical applications, such as soft-tissue engineering, cell encapsulation, wound healing, and sustained delivery of therapeutic molecules.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Omar Salmi, Simone Gelosa, Filippo Rossi, Maurizio Masi
Summary: The finished tanned leather is usually covered by a thin polymeric layer to improve its appearance and impermeabilization properties. However, this finished layer often leads to the rejection of the product by clients, and tanneries need to recover the underlying leather layer. The strong bonding between the polymeric film and leather requires a blade shaving process for separation, which also removes a layer of tanned leather and reduces its thickness. In this study, a novel separation method using cryogenic fluids, such as liquid nitrogen, was developed to freeze the polymeric layer below the glass transition temperature, allowing for easy separation without altering the tanned leather layer.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emanuele Mauri, Stefano Scialla
Summary: Nanogels are versatile nanocarriers that can carry and release active molecules, making them promising for biomedical and drug delivery applications. Hyaluronic acid-based nanogels, in particular, are interesting for dermatological and cosmetic applications due to their involvement in skin health and aging processes. This review provides information on the physical and chemical properties, drug release behavior, and synthesis methods of hyaluronic acid-based nanogels, aiming to stimulate further interest and offer options for innovative cosmetic products.
Review
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Roberta Magaletti, Fabio Pizzetti, Maurizio Masi, Filippo Rossi
Summary: The exponential growth of the world's population has increased the need to optimize agricultural technologies. Smart use of fertilizers, particularly slow-release fertilizers, can help ensure high productivity while avoiding pollution issues. Research has focused on materials that are cheap, environmentally friendly, and biodegradable to address the problems associated with non-renewable sources used in fertilizers.
ACS AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Filippo Pinelli, Chiara Piras, Liebert Parreiras Nogueira, Filippo Rossi
Summary: One of the most persistent issues affecting people worldwide is water contamination due to indiscriminate disposal of pollutants. This study focuses on the use of porous graphene-oxide-chitosan aerogels as a sorbent material to remove harmful contaminants, particularly dyes, from water. The aerogels showed excellent adsorption ability for anionic dyes and can be regenerated and reused through alkaline and acidic treatments.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sara Maria Giannitelli, Emanuele Limiti, Pamela Mozetic, Filippo Pinelli, Xiaoyu Han, Franca Abbruzzese, Francesco Basoli, Danila Del Rio, Stefano Scialla, Filippo Rossi, Marcella Trombetta, Laura Rosano, Giuseppe Gigli, Zhenyu Jason Zhang, Emanuele Mauri, Alberto Rainer
Summary: This study successfully synthesized nanogels using droplet-based microfluidics, demonstrating precise control over nanoparticle size and morphology, and validated its potential application as a drug delivery system in vitro.
Article
Polymer Science
Mustafa Kalay, Abidin Esidir, Mahmut Ruzi, N. Burak Kiremitler, Mustafa Serdar Onses
Summary: This study proposes stable and addressable polymer PUFs, utilizing a cross-linkable polymer system, which demonstrates high stochastic characteristics and low-cost production. The performance of the polymer features is evaluated through various analyses, and direct image authentication is achieved using feature matching algorithms.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Jingyu Jin, Guoqiang Lu, Jun Nie, Xiaoqun Zhu
Summary: Photopolymerization technology is limited in the fields of food packaging and biomedicine due to the high migration of small molecules from photoinitiators. In this study, a polymerizable 2-vinyl thioxanthone (ETX) was synthesized to improve the migration stability of photoinitiators. Macromolecular photoinitiators (PPI1, PPI2) were also prepared to further reduce migration. The results showed that the ETX/TEOA system had higher initiation performance and PPI2 displayed favorable initiation ability. Additionally, the migration of ETX, PPI1, and PPI2 in photocured film was significantly reduced. These low-migration photoinitiators have potential applications in the fields of food packaging and biological materials.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Weijie Li, Jun Nie, Yingying Zhao, Xiaoqun Zhu
Summary: This study focuses on the development of high-performance, low-migration photoinitiators. A polymerizable photoinitiator (VBP) was synthesized by introducing an ethylene group into benzophenone, and three different molecular weight single-component photoinitiators (PVBN1-3) were synthesized based on VBP. The results show that these new photoinitiators have stronger absorption ability compared to benzophenone and significantly reduce the migration of initiators and co-initiators, addressing the safety concerns caused by migration.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Seira Morimune-Moriya, Yuki Iwahashi, Mitsuru Nakamura, Daisuke Ogawa, Keiji Nakamura
Summary: This study investigates the effect of plasma treatment on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and the structure/properties of polyimide (PI) nanocomposites with ultra-low content of CNTs. The results show that plasma treatment introduces isocyanate groups on the surface of CNTs and enhances the interfacial interaction between PI and treated CNTs. This leads to a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites, with even a small addition of treated CNTs showing a substantial increase in Young's modulus, tensile strength and toughness.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Yuanlong Li, Chaojie Chen, Guoqing Cui, Li Liu, Chao Zhou, Guangfeng Wu
Summary: In this study, a novel ion-conducting hydrogel was fabricated using a straightforward approach. The hydrogel showed excellent tensile properties and high toughness due to physical interactions and covalent binding. Additionally, the introduction of hydroxyethyl cellulose and lithium chloride improved the biocompatibility, mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and frost resistance of the hydrogel, demonstrating its potential for cold climate applications.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Dengwei Yan, Jinxian Yang, Xuejun Pan, Xiaozheng Duan, Lianwei Li, Mo Zhu
Summary: The influence of backbone length on grafting efficiency during the graft-onto reaction process was investigated. It was found that the polydispersity effect of backbone length does not affect the final grafting efficiency, indicating that the local dynamics of chain segments dominate the graft-onto process.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Zhaoyi Luo, Xianjie Pan, Fanqi Liu, Quanxi Yi, Yanning Zeng, Yunhua Chen, Chaoyang Wang
Summary: This study provides a method to prepare high-performance epoxy materials with good malleability and thermal stability. The materials have self-healing and welding capabilities, thanks to the addition of specific chemical bonds and network structures. They exhibit mechanical properties comparable to commercial epoxy resins and show great potential for sustainable industrial development.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Chaoji Xiong, Hao Wang, Lihua Deng, Kun Liang, Chunhua Wu, Wei Wu, Qian Chen
Summary: In this study, four polyamides were synthesized and their adsorption performances for Hg2+ in aqueous systems were investigated. The polyamides exhibited high adsorption capacities and excellent reusability, with the involvement of sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen in the chemical adsorption process of Hg2+.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Siim Laanesoo, Olivier Bonjour, Rauno Sedrik, Iris Tamsalu, Patric Jannasch, Lauri Vares
Summary: The insertion of rigid aliphatic or aromatic building blocks in polymer structures is an effective way to synthesize high -Tg polymer materials. In this study, a series of isosorbide-2-aryl carboxylate-5-methacrylate monomers (ArIMAs) were synthesized by functionalizing isosorbide 5-methacrylate with various aromatic lignin-inspired esters. These monomers were polymerized to obtain high molecular-weight poly(aryl carboxylate isosorbide methacrylates) (PArIMAs). The resulting polymers showed high glass transition temperatures and thermal stability, making them suitable for use as high-performance plastics and coatings.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Yuqian Wu, Weijie Xu, Jianliang Li, Zhangfeng Zhong, Liqing Huang, Shengke Li, Huaping Tan
Summary: This study investigates the improvement of degradation and drug release characteristics of dynamic Schiff base-mediated natural polysaccharide hydrogels using tannic acid (TA), leading to enhanced stability and functionality.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Xi Zhang, Xiangli Kong, Xin Zhou, Yiyan Gao, Yibo Sun, Guanghui Gao, Wei Liu, Kai Shi
Summary: Conductive hydrogels have great development prospects in flexible strain sensors, but long-term direct contact with human skin can cause bacterial infection. A hydrogel with antibacterial, biocompatibility, and toughness was designed and manufactured using a freeze-thaw method. The hydrogel maintains tensile properties and fatigue resistance at low temperatures and is resistant to bacteria. Therefore, hydrogel sensors can be used to monitor human movements.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Wei Zhang, Jiangang Yu, Mingyang Wu, Rui Li, Anqiang Zhang, Yaling Lin
Summary: In this study, polyacrylamide containing quaternary ammonium salts (PAM-X) were synthesized and found to effectively inhibit soil-borne pathogenic fungi while maintaining the balance of microbial population in soil. PAM-X also showed low toxicity to earthworms and fish, providing a new method for the prevention and control of soil-borne fungal diseases.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Jiawen He, Haojie Yu, Li Wang, Jian Yang, Yanhui Zhang, Wenbing Huang, Chenguang Ouyang
Summary: This review discusses the use of polymeric hydrogels for atmospheric water harvesting (AWH), including the mechanism of water sorption, fabrication methods, and strategies for optimizing the structure of hydrogels. The extended applications of hygroscopic photothermal hydrogels, such as agricultural irrigation and dehumidification, are also explored. The challenges and prospects of using polymeric hydrogels for AWH are summarized.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
Article
Polymer Science
Ying Du, Shuaishuai Lu, Yuanna Sun, Qingshan Li, Xinhai He
Summary: This study introduces a method to improve the performance of hydrogels by incorporating proline, resulting in hydrogels with excellent stretchability, high conductivity, and long-term stability. The hydrogel remains flexible and conductive even at ultra-low temperatures.
EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL
(2024)
