Article
Environmental Sciences
Wei Luo, Renhu Li, Fang Shen, Jianqiang Liu
Summary: This paper proposes a novel atmospheric correction algorithm for CZI images applicable to turbid waters in estuarine and coastal zone. The results indicate that the CZI-derived remote-sensing reflectance (R-rs) are in good agreement with the quasi-synchronous Landsat-8/9 operational land imager (OLI) derived R-rs in the green and red bands. The validation using in situ data revealed that the inversion of SPM concentration by CZI was effective, indicating that CZI has great potential and broad application prospects for monitoring the spatial and temporal dynamics of SPM in estuarine and coastal waters.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Michael Fettweis, Markus Schartau, Xavier Desmit, Byung Joon Lee, Nathan Terseleer, Dimitry Van der Zande, Koen Parmentier, Rolf Riethmueller
Summary: The seasonal variation in concentration of transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs), particulate organic carbon (POC), and particulate organic nitrogen (PON) was studied in the Southern Bight of the North Sea. The study found that biophysical flocculation cannot be explained solely by these parameters and it requires the distinction between a more reactive labile fraction and a less reactive refractory fraction.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Wenwen Wang, Junyi Chen, Shuhang Wang, Wei Li
Summary: This study compares the properties and sources of SOM and SPOM in Hulun Lake, a typical lake in the cold and arid region of China. The results show that the content of SOM and SPOM is higher in the northern and western regions of the lake, and that SOM and SPOM mainly originate from terrestrial sources, closely related to climate change.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Ningning Ji, Yong Liu, Shengrui Wang, Zhihao Wu, Hong Li
Summary: This study examines phosphorus transport and redistribution in a river-lake system in the Lake Erhai basin. The findings suggest that suspended particulate matter (SPM) plays an important role in mediating phosphorus cycling in aquatic ecosystems. Especially, phytoplankton-SPM can buffer phosphate-limitation during algal blooms.
Article
Ecology
Anne-Sophie Fabris, Pierre Larouche, Jean-Carlos Montero-Serrano
Summary: This study characterized the particle size distribution of suspended particulate matter in the St. Lawrence Estuary, revealing significant variations between different seasons and regions. Coarse particles were found to play a key role in sedimentation in the Lower Estuary, with higher particle density during ice-covered conditions. The mineralogical and elemental composition of suspended detrital particles showed similarity throughout the estuary, indicating common sources.
REGIONAL STUDIES IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Xiaoyu Jiao, Zhiwen Dong, Giovanni Baccolo, Xiang Qin, Ting Wei, Jie Di, Yaping Shao
Summary: The analysis of uranium isotope ratio is important for distinguishing between natural and anthropogenic sources of uranium. In the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, the ratio of 235U/238U in riverine suspended particulate matter is found to be similar to that of natural uranium, while surface soil shows a slightly higher ratio, potentially due to enrichment from atmospheric nuclear tests. This study confirms that the northeastern Tibetan Plateau remains relatively pristine with minimal biogeochemical disturbances from human activities.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Oleksandr Buchnev, James A. Grant-Jacob, Robert W. Eason, Nikolay I. Zheludev, Ben Mills, Kevin F. MacDonald
Summary: Researchers have developed a deep learning method based on prior experience to predict the postfabrication appearance of structures manufactured by focused ion beam (FIB) milling, which can expedite the optimization process and improve reproducibility in FIB processing.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Deying Xia, Ying-Bing Jiang, John Notte, Doug Runt
Summary: This study compares the usage of a neon focused ion beam with the traditional gallium focused ion beam for milling GaAs material, finding that neon FIB produces less undesired artifacts and subsurface damage at lower energies. Additionally, neon FIB can create trenches as small as 20 nm wide with high fidelity and minimal damage.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dariusz Stramski, Sorin Constantin, Rick A. Reynolds
Summary: This article examines the challenges and methods for developing algorithms to estimate biogeochemical data using optical observations in diverse aquatic environments. By analyzing field data from the western Arctic seas, empirical algorithms were developed to estimate suspended particulate matter (SPM) and the ratio of particulate organic carbon to SPM (POC/SPM). The results demonstrate that algorithms accounting for changes in POC/SPM provide significant improvements in estimating particulate organic carbon in optically-complex Arctic waters.
REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yanran Liu, Yuanyuan Qu, Yue Liu, Hang Yin, Jinglun Liu, Yang Tan, Feng Chen
Summary: This study demonstrates the construction of lateral diodes on graphene-based heterostructures using focused ion-beam writing, achieving rectification and current regulating functions. The introduction of Se-defects endows the heterostructure with unique electronic properties, enabling the construction of diodes with comparable performance. Additionally, AND and OR logic gates were directly inscribed on the heterostructure to showcase practical applications in digital logic electronics.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lukas Brodsky, Vit Vilimek, Miroslav Sobr, Tomas Kroczek
Summary: Supraglacial lakes are important for ice dynamics and surface hydrology. This study quantifies the effect of suspended particulate matter on lake depth measurements. The results show a good relationship between water spectra and lake depth even in the presence of suspended particulate matter.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Pan Duan, Fei Zhang, Chi-Yung Jim, Mou Leong Tan, Yunfei Cai, Jingchao Shi, Changjiang Liu, Weiwei Wang, Zheng Wang
Summary: Missing data is a common issue in remote sensing, and data reconstruction through multiple satellite data sources is an effective way to solve this problem. This study aimed to develop and evaluate two image reconstruction strategies based on measured SPM concentration data with Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-3. The results showed that ESTARFM performed better than FSDAF in fusion image generation, especially in the red band. A single-band linear and non-linear regression model based on Sentinel-2 and Sentinel-3 was constructed, and the red band model was found to perform well and have a wide range of applications. By comparing two data reconstruction strategies, it was found that the fused SPM concentration map is more effective and stable when applied to multiple fused images. These findings provide important scientific reference for future inversion research on other water quality parameters and support the scientific management of Ebinur Lake's ecology and environment.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhenkai He, Xinyu Wang, Yunhe Luo, Yazheng Zhu, Xin Lai, Jingge Shang, Jianqiu Chen, Qianjiahua Liao
Summary: The study demonstrated that utilizing SPM from natural lakes in the coagulation process could potentially remove TC in water, with higher SPM concentrations leading to better TC removal. The addition of coagulant aid polyacrylamide resulted in unchanged TC removal, significantly reduced effluent turbidity, and low TC desorption.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sijing Cao, Shengkang Liang, Yanbin Li
Summary: Estuaries play a crucial role in controlling the transport of mercury from rivers to coastal seas. The adsorption of Hg(II) on suspended particulate matter (SPM) is the key process affecting the behavior of mercury in estuaries. The concentration of particulate mercury (PHg) is higher than that of dissolved mercury (DHg) in estuaries, indicating the importance of SPM in controlling the fate of mercury. The distribution of Hg(II) on SPM is influenced by the adsorption capacity parameter kf and the composition and properties of SPM.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jingyi Hou, Ruochun Zhang, Jinfeng Ge, Chao Ma, Yuanbi Yi, Yulin Qi, Si-Liang Li
Summary: Natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important carbon pool and is affected by photochemical processes. Suspended particulate matter (SPM) in slow-moving rivers promotes the photochemical reaction of DOM. This study compares samples with and without SPM to investigate its influence on DOM.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Valentina Premier, Anderson Abel de Souza Machado, Steve Mitchell, Christiane Zarfl, Kate Spencer, Marco Toffolon
ESTUARIES AND COASTS
(2019)
Article
Geography, Physical
Helen Brooks, Iris Moller, Simon Carr, Clementine Chirol, Elizabeth Christie, Ben Evans, Kate L. Spencer, Tom Spencer, Katherine Royse
Summary: Salt marshes deliver important ecosystem services, but are facing net losses globally and regionally. The ability of salt marshes to persist in a location depends on the resistance of their substrates to hydrodynamic forces, which is an area of ongoing research. Future studies are needed to systematically quantify marsh substrate properties and understand their interactions with erosion processes to better predict marsh evolution under future hydrodynamic forcing scenarios.
EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Simon J. Carr, Lucy M. Diggens, Kate L. Spencer
JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS
(2020)
Article
Environmental Sciences
James H. Brand, Kate L. Spencer
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2020)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Paul Bardos, Kate L. Spencer, Raymond D. Ward, Barbara H. Maco, Andrew B. Cundy
FRONTIERS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Oceanography
Jonathan A. T. Wheatland, Kate L. Spencer, Ian G. Droppo, Simon J. Carr, Andrew J. Bushby
CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Environmental Sciences
John Iwan Jones, Alena Vdovchenko, Dave Cooling, John F. Murphy, Amanda Arnold, James Lawrence Pretty, Kate L. Spencer, Adriaan Albert Markus, A. Dick Vethaak, Marina Resmini
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2020)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Amanda Arnold, John F. Murphy, James L. Pretty, Charles P. Duerdoth, Brian D. Smith, Philip S. Rainbow, Kate L. Spencer, Adrian L. Collins, J. Iwan Jones
Summary: Historical mining activities have caused widespread trace metal contamination in freshwater ecosystems. This study collected freshwater biomonitors from 99 stream sites in England and Wales to investigate the variation and consistency of trace metal accumulation. Results showed significant differences in trace metal body burden between different taxa, but high consistency in trace metal accumulation among insect biomonitors.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2021)
Article
Soil Science
Clementine Chirol, Simon J. Carr, Kate L. Spencer, Iris Moeller
Summary: The study applies X-ray Computed Microtomography to analyze the spatial structure of wetland soils, improving the detection of organic matter elements and providing detailed segmentation of pores, live roots, and necromass at a high spatial resolution. The interactions between pores and organic matter in the soil are identified, opening possibilities for applications in determining key wetland soil functions such as soil cohesivity, nutrient exchanges, and carbon dynamics.
Article
Geography, Physical
Clementine Chirol, Kate L. Spencer, Simon J. Carr, Iris Moller, Ben Evans, Jason Lynch, Helen Brooks, Katherine R. Royse
Summary: The vulnerability of saltmarshes to lateral erosion is influenced by the local biogeomorphological properties of the substrate, with the 3D architecture of pore and root systems playing a key role in determining shear strength and stability. Different plant species and bioturbation activities affect the morphology of macropores, while sediment cohesivity determines structural stability. Well-connected systems of macropores may lower deformation threshold but also reduce marsh vulnerability to hydrodynamic forces.
EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kate L. Spencer, Jonathan A. T. Wheatland, Andrew J. Bushby, Simon J. Carr, Ian G. Droppo, Andrew J. Manning
Summary: Natural sediment flocs are complex structures with behaviors that differ from fractal theory, as new observations of their three-dimensional structures show non-fractal characteristics. Researchers propose a floc hierarchy based on three-dimensional structure and function, offering the opportunity to explore new emergence-based floc frameworks.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
B. R. Evans, H. Brooks, C. Chirol, M. K. Kirkham, I Moller, K. Royse, K. Spencer, T. Spencer
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between the presence of different saltmarsh plants and the mechanical properties of the underlying substrate. The findings showed that vegetation can enhance sediment shear strengths, but the effect varies depending on the sediment type.
ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Robert J. Nicholls, Richard P. Beaven, Anne Stringfellow, Daniel Monfort, Goneri Le Cozannet, Thomas Wahl, Julia Gebert, Matthew Wadey, Arne Arns, Kate L. Spencer, Debra Reinhart, Timo Heimovaara, Victor M. Santos, Alejandra R. Enriquez, Samantha Cope
Summary: This paper assesses the risks posed by coastal landfills to the environment and highlights several research and practice needs, including the understanding and support for the amount of waste release, regulations, erosion rates, and management methods.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Que Nguyen Ho, Michael Fettweis, Kate L. Spencer, Byung Joon Lee
Summary: Flocculation is a critical process for controlling the fate and transport of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in water environments. However, the lack of comprehensive research on the composition and structure of flocs has led to misconceptions about the dynamics of SPM. This review summarizes the current understanding of the heterogeneous composition of flocs and discusses the effects of human activities on floc composition.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
K. L. Spencer, J. A. Wheatland, S. J. Carr, A. J. Manning, A. J. Bushby, C. Gu, L. Botto, T. Lawrence
Summary: This study demonstrates that 2D approaches underestimate the shape complexity and overestimate the size and mass settling flux of natural sediment flocs. This has significant implications for estimating sediment flux in aquatic environments and has the potential to improve the accuracy of current field-monitoring techniques.