Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yang Zhou, Zuying Zhou, Lin Zheng, Zipeng Gong, Yueting Li, Yang Jin, Yong Huang, Mingyan Chi
Summary: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common bacterial infections caused by various pathogens, with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) being the most prevalent causative agent. UPEC has shown adaptive evolution in invading the urinary tract and surviving inside cells. Despite the success of antibiotic therapy, the increasing antimicrobial resistance and high recurrence rates pose challenges to its efficacy. Thus, there is a need to explore alternative treatment options, such as vaccines and medicinal plants, that target multiple pathogenic mechanisms of UPEC to combat antibiotic resistance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Katarzyna Werbel, Dorota Jankowska, Anna Wasilewska, Katarzyna Taranta-Janusz
Summary: The study analyzed the increasing resistance of bacteria in children with UTI over the years, identified parameters related to antibiotic sensitivity using the CART method, and provided guidance for antibiotic therapy to inhibit increasing antibiotic resistance.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Maria L. Jensen, Volkert Siersma, Lillian M. Soes, Dagny Nicolaisdottir, Lars Bjerrum, Barbara J. Holzknecht
Summary: We investigated the impact of prior antibiotic use on multi-resistant Escherichia coli urinary tract infections (UTIs) among elderly patients in general practice. The study found that exposure to antibiotics within 90 days prior to the UTI episode significantly increased the odds of resistance to all four antibiotics. Mecillinam showed the lowest increase in resistance, suggesting it as a favorable antibiotic choice.
Review
Infectious Diseases
Susanna Esposito, Giacomo Biasucci, Andrea Pasini, Barbara Predieri, Gianluca Vergine, Antonella Crisafi, Cristina Malaventura, Luca Casadio, Marcello Sella, Luca Pierantoni, Claudia Gatti, Letizia Paglialonga, Chiara Sodini, Claudio La Scola, Luca Bernardi, Giovanni Autore, Giulia Dal Canto, Alberto Argentiero, Sante Cantatore, Martina Ceccoli, Alessandro De Fanti, Agnese Suppiej, Marcello Lanari, Nicola Principi, Andrea Pession, Lorenzo Iughetti
Summary: Febrile urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common and serious bacterial illness in children. Early effective antibiotic treatment is essential, but antibiotic resistance is increasing, making it more difficult to choose the best therapy. Efforts to reduce and rationalize antibiotic consumption, as well as antibiotic stewardship, are important in limiting the emergence of resistance.
JOURNAL OF GLOBAL ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Hongying Zhu, Yanhui Chen, Yaping Hang, Hong Luo, Xueyao Fang, Yanping Xiao, Xingwei Cao, Shan Zou, Xiaoyan Hu, Longhua Hu, Qiaoshi Zhong
Summary: This retrospective cohort study in a tertiary hospital in southern China found that inappropriate empirical antibiotic treatment for urinary tract infections caused by E. coli was associated with longer hospital length of stay. Empirical use of fluoroquinolones for UTIs should be avoided to reduce healthcare costs and bacterial resistance.
JOURNAL OF GLOBAL ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Carlo Zagaglia, Maria Grazia Ammendolia, Linda Maurizi, Mauro Nicoletti, Catia Longhi
Summary: Urinary tract infections caused by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli are common worldwide. They invade urothelial cells and form bacterial aggregates, leading to persistent infection. The increasing antibiotic resistance and number of multidrug resistant UPEC strains highlight the need for new treatment strategies.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Shi Wenjie, An Jinxia, Tan He, Jia Mengran, Gao Hui
Summary: This study developed a low-temperature photothermal nanoplatform for the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs), which showed excellent photothermal bactericidal effects. The nanoplatform achieved targeted action against uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) through its high affinity, avoiding damage to surrounding healthy tissue.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Michaela Tutone, Truls E. Bjerklund Johansen, Tommaso Cai, Shazad Mushtaq, David M. Livermore
Summary: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common worldwide, especially among women. A study investigated the susceptibility of current urinary isolates to fosfomycin and other antibiotics, and found that Escherichia coli was the most common uropathogen isolated and highly susceptible to fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, and mecillinam.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Khonaw Kader Salh
Summary: This study investigated the isolation of etiologic agents from patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) and found that Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) were the most common causative bacteria. It also identified a high incidence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes and recorded high resistance to multiple antibiotics. The study emphasizes the importance of formulating effective antibiotic treatment policies in Iraq.
COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY & HIGH THROUGHPUT SCREENING
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Tristan Delory, Josselin Le Bel, Sylvie Lariven, Nathan Peiffer-Smadja, Francois-Xavier Lescure, Elisabeth Bouvet, Pauline Jeanmougin, Florence Tubach, Pierre-Yves Boelle
Summary: Online computerized decision support systems (CDSS) provide real-time information on the ecology and surveillance of E. coli resistance in community-acquired UTIs, assisting prescribers in selecting appropriate antimicrobial agents.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Peter Elias, Olivier Barraud, Chahrazed El Hamel, Delphine Chainier, Aymeric Dallochio, Carole Grelaud, Marie-Cecile Ploy, Vincent Guigonis, Fabien Garnier
Summary: The study aimed to examine the value of integron detection directly from urine samples as a predictive marker of resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in children with Gram-negative bacteria-related urinary tract infections.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Saleh Afsharikhah, Reza Ghanbarpour, Parvin Mohseni, Nasrin Adib, Mahboube Bagheri, Maziar Jajarmi
Summary: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of common beta-lactam resistance genes and phenotypic resistance in urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli isolates. The results showed high prevalence of antibiotic resistance to beta-lactams and fluoroquinolones, suggesting the need for changes in drug resistance diagnosis and antibiotic therapy strategies.
Article
Microbiology
Changying Wang, Hongyan Cheng, Fenglian Yan, Hui Zhang, Junfeng Zhang, Chunxia Li, Mingsheng Zhao, Dongmei Shi, Huabao Xiong
Summary: In this study, miR-146b deficiency was found to exacerbate kidney injury during UTIs caused by UPEC, leading to severe inflammation and M1 macrophage infiltration. miR-146b played an important role in UTIs by regulating M1 macrophage polarization, highlighting its potential as a novel therapeutic target for treating kidney injury during UTIs.
Article
Immunology
Jennifer H. Ku, Katia J. Bruxvoort, S. Bianca Salas, Cara D. Varley, Joan A. Casey, Eva Raphael, Sarah C. Robinson, Keeve E. Nachman, Bruno J. Lewin, Richard Contreras, Rong X. Wei, Magdalena E. Pomichowski, Harpreet S. Takhar, Sara Y. Tartof
Summary: A study showed that the prevalence of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli causing outpatient urinary tract infection declined overall between 2016 and 2021. The choice of care setting (in-person vs virtual) did not significantly affect the treatment of infections. Virtual healthcare can expand access to UTI care.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Amanda Brumwell, Granger Sutton, Paul M. M. Lantos, Kate Hoffman, Felicia Ruffin, Lauren Brinkac, Thomas H. H. Clarke, Mark D. D. Adams, Vance G. G. Fowler Jr, Derrick E. E. Fouts, Joshua T. T. Thaden
Summary: This study aims to further understand the risk factors, clinical outcomes, and bacterial genetics associated with ST131 bloodstream infections. A cohort study was conducted in which 88 out of 227 patients with E. coli bloodstream infection were infected with ST131. There was no significant difference in in-hospital mortality between patients with ST131 and non-ST131 infections overall, but ST131 was associated with higher mortality in patients with urinary tract infections.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Megan Hedd Blyth, Rebecca Cannings-John, Alastair D. Hay, Christopher C. Butler, Kathryn Hughes
Summary: The study found that the majority of children presenting with acute undifferentiated illness in UK primary care fall into the red or amber categories of the NICE traffic light system, with only 6% classified as low risk. This indicates a need for further research to establish a triage system suitable for general practice.
ARCHIVES OF DISEASE IN CHILDHOOD
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ildiko Gagyor, Alastair D. Hay
Summary: Clinical and antimicrobial stewardship outcomes are crucial in pragmatic primary care trials, but currently lack agreed standards for design. Recommendations for future research designs include specifying interpretation of conflicting results, ensuring prescriptions from external sources are included in AMS effectiveness measures, prioritizing antimicrobial resistance in outcomes, considering antibiotics used in interventions as part of the outcome, and involving patients in establishing principles for prioritizing AMS or clinical outcomes.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Athena L. Sheppard, Martha M. C. Elwenspoek, Lauren J. Scott, Victoria Corfield, Hazel Everitt, Peter M. Gillett, Alastair D. Hay, Hayley E. Jones, Susan Mallett, Jessica Watson, Penny F. Whiting
Summary: This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of serological tests for coeliac disease in both children and adults. The results showed that anti-tissue transglutaminase has sufficient sensitivity to rule out coeliac disease in children, while endomysial antibody has high specificity to rule in coeliac disease in adults.
ALIMENTARY PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Primary Health Care
Hilda Hounkpatin, Beth Stuart, Shihua Zhu, Guiqing Yao, Michael Moore, Christin Loeffler, Paul Little, Timothy Kenealy, David Gillespie, Nick A. Francis, Jennifer Bostock, Taeko Becque, Bruce Arroll, Attila Altiner, Pablo Alonso-Coello, Alastair D. Hay
Summary: This study analyzed data from 12 primary care studies involving 9103 adults and children, and found that 90% of participants recovered from all symptoms within 28 days, regardless of antibiotic use. For respiratory tract infections with cough as the dominant symptom, four different symptom trajectories were identified, including rapid recovery, intermediate recovery, slow progressive improvement, and slow improvement with initial high symptom burden. Patients with longer duration of cough symptoms were more likely to have re-consultations and hospital admissions.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Primary Health Care
Martine Nurek, Alastair Hay, Olga Kostopoulou
Summary: This study assessed the influence of seven factors on risk assessments and prescribing decisions in children with cough, and found that doctors did not consider all factors when making judgments.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Nick A. A. Francis, Taeko Becque, Merlin Willcox, Alastair D. D. Hay, Mark Lown, Richard Clarke, Beth Stuart, Lucy Yardley, Michael Moore, Joelle Houriet, Paul Little
Summary: This study found that non-pharmaceutical interventions such as wearing face masks, practicing social distancing, and frequent handwashing have strong protective effects against COVID-19 infection.
Article
Primary Health Care
Paul Little, Taeko Becque, Alastair D. Hay, Nick A. Francis, Beth Stuart, Gilly O'Reilly, Natalie Thompson, Kerenza Hood, Michael Moore, Theo Verheij
Summary: This study externally validated an existing prognostic model for children with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) and developed a new model for internal validation. The study found that a simple three-item prognostic score could effectively identify children with LRTI who are at low risk of adverse outcomes, providing guidance for clinical management.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF GENERAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Joline L. H. de Sevaux, Roger A. M. J. Damoiseaux, Saskia Hullegie, Elisabeth A. M. Sanders, G. Ardine de Wit, Nicolaas P. A. Zuithoff, Lucy Yardley, Sibyl Anthierens, Paul Little, Alastair D. Hay, Anne G. M. Schilder, Roderick P. Venekamp
Summary: This study aims to investigate whether adding analgesic ear drops to usual care can provide better relief for ear pain in children with acute otitis media (AOM) presenting to primary care. The trial will recruit 300 children aged 1-6 years with a diagnosis of AOM and ear pain. The study will assess outcomes such as ear pain score, antibiotic use, duration of pain, GP reconsultations, adverse events, complications of AOM, and cost-effectiveness over a 4-week follow-up period. The results will be published in medical journals and presented at scientific meetings.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Peter S. Blair, Grace Young, Clare Clement, P. Dixon, Penny Seume, Jenny Ingram, Jodi Taylor, Christie Cabral, Patricia J. Lucas, Elizabeth Beech, Jeremy Horwood, Martin Gulliford, Nick A. Francis, Sam Creavin, Janet A. Lane, Scott Bevan, Alistair D Hay
Summary: This multifaceted intervention for children with respiratory tract infections in primary care did not reduce antibiotic dispensing or increase hospital admissions. However, there was some evidence that the intervention slightly reduced prescribing rates in certain subgroups and situations, but not in a clinically relevant way.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Otorhinolaryngology
Elliot Heward, Haroon Saeed, Sebastian Bate, Azita Rajai, John Molloy, Rachel Isba, Darren M. Ashcroft, Alastair D. Hay, Jaya R. Nichani, Iain A. Bruce
Summary: This study identified risk factors associated with the development of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) in children through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The results indicate that atopy and birth weight <2500 g are associated with an increased risk of CSOM development.
CLINICAL OTOLARYNGOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Paul Little, Nick A. Francis, Beth Stuart, Gilly O'Reilly, Natalie Thompson, Taeko Becque, Alastair Hay, Kay Wang, Michael Sharland, Anthony Harnden, Guiqing Yao, James Raftery, Shihua Zhu, Joseph Little, Charlotte Hookham, Kate Rowley, Joanne Euden, Kim Harman, Samuel Coenen, Robert C. Read, Catherine Woods, Christopher C. Butler, Saul N. Faust, Geraldine Leydon, Mandy Wan, Kerenza Hood, Jane Whitehurst, Samantha Richards-Hall, Peter Smith, Michael Thomas, Michael Moore, Theo Verheij
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of amoxicillin for uncomplicated lower respiratory tract infections in children. The results show that amoxicillin has no significant impact on clinical symptoms and resource utilization. It is suggested that parents and clinicians need better access to information and communication.
HEALTH TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jane Vennik, Adam W. A. Geraghty, Kate Martinson, Lucy Yardley, Beth Stuart, Michael Moore, Nick Francis, Alastair Hay, Theo Verheij, Katherine Bradbury, Kate Greenwell, Laura Dennison, Sian Williamson, James Denison-Day, Ben Ainsworth, James Raftery, Shihua Zhu, Christopher Butler, Samantha Richards-Hall, Paul Little
Summary: Most adults in the UK experience viral respiratory tract infections (RTIs) annually, and certain individuals are at higher risk. Common nasal sprays and digital interventions promoting physical activity and stress management are being tested to reduce the incidence and severity of RTIs. This randomized controlled trial aims to compare the effectiveness and economic impact of these interventions. Recruitment started in December 2020 and is expected to be completed by April 2024.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Claire A. Woodall, Ashley Hammond, David Cleary, Andrew Preston, Peter Muir, Ben Pascoe, Samuel K. Sheppard, Alastair D. Hay
Summary: We conducted a feasibility cohort study to collect oral and gut samples from adult participants at three time points - baseline, during a respiratory infection, and post-infection. Our aim was to identify microbial biomarkers of susceptibility to respiratory infections in healthy participants. The analysis showed that participants with respiratory infection symptoms had higher levels of Streptococcus and Megamonas in their oral samples, while Lactobacillus, Synergistetes, Verrucomicrobia, and Dethiosulfovibrio were depleted. In the gut samples, Veillonella, Rikenellaceae, Enhydobacteria, Eggerthella, and Xanthomonsdales were enhanced, while Desulfobulbus and Coprobacillus were depleted. This study demonstrated the feasibility of collecting multiple biological samples for microbial profiling and identified potential microbial biomarkers of respiratory infection susceptibility.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Martha M. C. Elwenspoek, Rachel O'Donnell, Joni Jackson, Hazel Everitt, Peter Gillett, Alastair D. Hay, Hayley E. Jones, Gerry Robins, Jessica C. Watson, Sue Mallett, Penny Whiting
Summary: This study aimed to develop diagnostic prediction models to assist in deciding who should receive testing for coeliac disease (CD) in primary care. The models showed good discrimination in children, women, and men in the development dataset, but validation discrimination was lower. The models could help identify individuals with an increased risk of CD and increase case finding for the disease.