Article
Immunology
Asela Weerawardhana, Md Bashir Uddin, Joo-Hyung Choi, Prabuddha Pathinayake, Sung Ho Shin, Kiramage Chathuranga, Jong-Hyeon Park, Jong-Soo Lee
Summary: The study reveals that the 2B protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) modulates the host interferon (IFN) signaling pathway by degrading RIG-I and MDA5 proteins, leading to inhibition of IFN production. This finding provides valuable insights into the immune evasion mechanism of FMDV and offers a rational approach for virus attenuation in vaccine development.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Zhidong Zhang, Ryan Waters, Yanmin Li
Summary: Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection causes epithelial cell lesions and muscle-associated lesions in cloven-hoofed animals, leading to high mortality. Current knowledge about the non-epithelial tropism of FMDV remains limited.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Sun Young Park, Sim-In Lee, Jong Sook Jin, Eun-Sol Kim, Jae Young Kim, Ah-Young Kim, Sang Hyun Park, Jung-Won Park, Soonyong Park, Eun Gyo Lee, Jong-Hyeon Park, Young-Joon Ko, Choi-Kyu Park
Summary: This study investigated the removal of non-structural proteins (NSPs) in foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine production. The effectiveness of chloroform treatment varied depending on the virus production medium and was eliminated by detergents. It was found that the removal of 3AB protein by chloroform is due to the transmembrane domain of the N-terminal region. A novel process using ultrafiltration instead of polyethylene glycol precipitation was established for high-purity FMD vaccine antigen production.
Article
Immunology
Miguel Rodriguez-Pulido, Eva Calvo-Pinilla, Miryam Polo, Juan-Carlos Saiz, Raul Fernandez-Gonzalez, Eva Pericuesta, Alfonso Gutierrez-Adan, Francisco Sobrino, Miguel A. Martin-Acebes, Margarita Saiz
Summary: We evaluated the antiviral activity of synthetic RNAs mimicking specific domains in the non-coding regions of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) genome (ncRNAs), which have shown broad-spectrum antiviral activity. The ncRNAs exhibited potent antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in human intestinal and lung epithelium cells. In vivo efficacy studies using K18-hACE2 mice showed that administration of naked ncRNA before SARS-CoV-2 infection significantly reduced viral load and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the lungs. Furthermore, the ncRNAs were highly effective against other coronaviruses in human and swine cells.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Virology
Babitha Thekkiniyedath Dharmapalan, Raja Biswas, Sathianarayanan Sankaran, Baskar Venkidasamy, Muthu Thiruvengadam, Ginson George, Maksim Rebezov, Gokhan Zengin, Monica Gallo, Domenico Montesano, Daniele Naviglio, Mohammad Ali Shariati
Summary: Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease that has become a serious health issue globally. This article discusses the potential of chromene derivatives as inhibitors of the dengue virus. The compounds were shown to interfere with various stages of viral entry, assembly, and replication, demonstrating potent activity against the dengue virus.
Article
Virology
Jonathan Arzt, Ian H. Fish, Miranda R. Bertram, George R. Smoliga, Ethan J. Hartwig, Steven J. Pauszek, Lauren Holinka-Patterson, Fayna C. Diaz-San Segundo, Tatjana Sitt, Elizabeth Rieder, Carolina Stenfeldt
Summary: Research showed that cattle can be simultaneously infected with two different serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), with different outcomes depending on the timing of exposure to the viruses. Dominant interserotypic recombinant FMDVs were discovered in upper respiratory tract samples of superinfected animals, indicating the potential role of persistently infected FMDV carriers in generating novel viral strains.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Anna B. Ludi, Alison Morris, Simon Gubbins, Amin Asfor, Madeeha Afzal, Clare F. Browning, Santina Grazioli, Efrem Alessandro Foglia, Ginette Wilsden, Alison Burman, Emiliana Brocchi, David J. Paton, Donald P. King
Summary: This study quantified the cross-reactivity of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) capsid antibodies between different serotypes. The results showed that a majority of samples had positive reactions to at least one heterologous serotype. Comparative analysis of serotypes improved the accuracy of serotyping, but this method may be undermined when animals have been infected and/or vaccinated with multiple FMDV serotypes. Additionally, the study found that the integrity of the capsid may affect the specificity of SP-ELISAs.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ilana C. L. Magalhaes, Livia E. C. Marques, Pedro F. N. Souza, Nicolas M. Girao, Maestre M. A. Herazo, Helen P. S. Costa, Mauricio F. vanTilburg, Eridan O. P. T. Florean, Rosa F. Dutra, Maria Izabel F. Guedes
Summary: The study evaluated three ZIKV recombinant proteins for the detection of ZIKV infection. Among the three proteins, NS1 showed the best diagnostic result for differentiation of ZIKV and DENV infections in serum samples. The recombinant NS1 demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in the IgM assay, making it a potential tool for serological diagnosis of ZIKV in Brazil.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Madhusudan Hosamani, Shreya Gopinath, B. P. Sreenivasa, Subhasmita Behera, Suresh H. Basagoudanavar, Ashok Boora, Durlav P. Bora, Pankaj Deka, Veerakyathappa Bhanuprakash, Raj Kumar Singh, Aniket Sanyal, Klaas Weerdmeester, Aldo Dekker
Summary: This study developed a new NSP antibody blocking ELISA test and validated it on large panels of sera from different susceptible species. The test showed high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, making it applicable for a wide range of animals.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Yuanfang Fu, Dong Li, Yimei Cao, Peng Zhou, Kun Li, Zhixun Zhao, Pinghua Li, Xingwen Bai, Huifang Bao, Songtai Wang, Lixia Zhao, Xiaoxiao Wang, Zaixin Liu, Pu Sun, Zengjun Lu
Summary: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious and economically devastating disease of cloven-hoofed animals. Currently, the testing method for vaccine purity is time consuming and costly. This study developed a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) for quantitative detection of residual non-structure protein (NSP) in inactivated FMD virus (FMDV) vaccines. The DAS-ELISA combined with the threshold value of FMD vaccine purity could provide a quick and simple tool for evaluating the antigenic purity of FMD vaccine.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Junyong Guan, Shichong Han, Jin'en Wu, Yun Zhang, Manyuan Bai, Sahibzada Waheed Abdullah, Shiqi Sun, Huichen Guo
Summary: Ribosomal protein L13 (RPL13) is involved in the antiviral immune response against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), inhibiting viral replication by inducing the activation of NF-kappa B and IFN-beta genes. The interaction between FMDV 3C(pro) protease and RPL13 reduces the expression of RPL13, thereby counteracting its antiviral activity. This study provides new insights into cellular antiviral defenses and virus-antagonizing mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Carolina Stenfeldt, Miranda R. Bertram, Haillie C. Meek, Ethan J. Hartwig, George R. Smoliga, Megan C. Niederwerder, Diego G. Diel, Scott A. Dee, Jonathan Arzt
Summary: The study investigated the infectivity of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in commercial pig feed and feed ingredients, determining the minimum infectious dose required for pigs to develop the disease. The results indicated that FMDV can remain infectious in pig feed ingredients for durations compatible with transoceanic transport, with variations in feeding conditions and virus strains affecting the probability of infection. This information can be used to model the risk of FMDV incursions and regulate feed importation to minimize the risk of unintentional importation.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Elena Smertina, Robyn N. N. Hall, Nadya Urakova, Tanja Strive, Michael Frese
Summary: Caliciviridae is a family of viruses with 11 different genera that can infect a wide range of animal hosts. The non-structural proteins of these viruses may have evolved independently to counteract host immune responses. Studying these proteins is challenging due to the inability of many caliciviruses to grow in cell culture, but recombinant proteins have provided insight into their properties.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tatsuya Nishi, Katsuhiko Fukai, Kentaro Masujin, Rie Kawaguchi, Mitsutaka Ikezawa, Manabu Yamada, Nozomi Nakajima, Takashi Komeno, Yousuke Furuta, Hiromi Sugihara, Chie Kurosaki, Kenichi Sakamoto, Kazuki Morioka
Summary: This study found that the pyrazinecarboxamide derivative T-1105 has strong antiviral activity against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and can effectively control the spread of FMDV in pigs.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Virology
Keshan Zhang, Minghao Yan, Junhong Hao, Chaochao Shen, Zixiang Zhu, Dajun Zhang, Jing Hou, Guowei Xu, Dan Li, Haixue Zheng, Xiangtao Liu
Summary: This study reveals the antiviral effect of host TPL2 during FMDV replication in promoting interferons and antiviral cytokines. FMDV and VP1 protein reduce host TPL2, ABIN2, and p105 to disrupt the TPL2-p105-ABIN2 trimer complex, leading to repression of TPL2-mediated antivirus activity. Vice protein interacts with TPL2 and degrades it through the proteasome pathway, shedding light on FMDV evasion mechanisms against host antivirus responses.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geology
Longfeng Li, Chungkun Shih, Jingtao Yang, Yuan Gao, Dong Ren
Summary: The study describes a new species, Burmusculus angustus sp. nov., in Burmusculidae, and reports a new material of Myanmarina jeannineae in Myanmarinidae, both specimens from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar. The research provides a key to all species of Burmusculus and a detailed comparison among species of Myanmarina and Burmusculus, noting a sexual size dimorphism in females with larger body and forewing sizes.
CRETACEOUS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Quanwei Zhang, Xu Bai, Jun Shi, Xueying Wang, Bohao Zhang, Lijun Dai, Ting Lin, Yuan Gao, Yong Zhang, Xingxu Zhao
Summary: Hemorrhagic mastitis in dairy cows causes economic losses, and its pathological and molecular mechanisms are not well-understood. This study identified differentially expressed proteins associated with hemorrhagic mastitis and found that Caveolin-1 is involved in the regulation of angiogenesis.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xu Bai, Xueying Wang, Ting Lin, Weitao Dong, Yuan Gao, Peng Ji, Yong Zhang, Xingxu Zhao, Quanwei Zhang
Summary: This study reveals the crucial role of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in the mammary glands of cows with mastitis. The findings suggest that TLR2 may promote apoptosis in mammary epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells by regulating the expression of CASP8, and inhibit angiogenesis in vascular endothelial cells by downregulating the expression of Tie2. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms and provide insights for the prevention and treatment of mastitis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ting Lin, Xu Bai, Yuan Gao, Bohao Zhang, Jun Shi, Bao Yuan, Wenli Chen, Jianfu Li, Yong Zhang, Quanwei Zhang, Xingxu Zhao
Summary: In this study, a cell model of inflammatory mammary cells was established and it was found that Cystathionine-gamma-lyase (CTH) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) play important roles in the progression of Clinical Mastitis (CM) in Holstein cows. Inhibition of CTH/H2S promoted inflammation, but H2S protected cells from inflammatory damage. The interleukin-8 (IL-8) signaling was identified to mediate the anti-inflammatory effects of CTH/H2S.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biology
Yuan Gao, Shuqin Zhao, Wangdong Zhang, Huaping Tang, Meilin Yan, Fang Yong, Xu Bai, Xiaochun Wu, Yong Zhang, Quanwei Zhang
Summary: The expression pattern of FGF21 and its relationship with lipid metabolism in camels were investigated. FGF21 was widely expressed in camel central nerve tissue and peripheral organs, while absent in lung and gametogenic tissue. FGFR1 was expressed in almost all tissues and cells, indicating their responsiveness to FGF21 and other FGF-mediated signals.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Huaping Tang, Yuan Gao, Jiangyuan Han
Summary: The camelid-derived single chain antibody (sdAb), or nanobody, is a unique functional heavy-chain antibody that has high solubility and similar antigen-binding affinity to conventional antibodies, making it a promising tool in biomedicine.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Yuan Gao, Fang Yong, Meilin Yan, Yanquan Wei, Xiaochun Wu
Summary: Foot-and-mouth disease severely impacts livestock production and international trade. MiRNAs play a crucial role in viral immunity and regulation, but their regulation in FMDV infection is still limited. This study reveals that interfering with Dgcr8 inhibits cellular miRNA expression and enhances FMDV production, suggesting the important role of miRNAs in FMDV infection.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Lijun Dai, Bao Yuan, Bohao Zhang, Wenli Chen, Xixue Yuan, Xinhong Liu, Yuan Gao, Yong Zhang, Quanwei Zhang, Xingxu Zhao
Summary: A GC/LC-MS dual platform was used to analyze the chemical composition of poll gland secretions from male Bactrian camels and identified steroids and neurochemicals as key substances regulating seasonal estrus. This study is significant as research on the chemical composition and physiological functions of poll gland secretions in Bactrian camels is rare. The findings provide insights into the development and function of poll glands in Bactrian camels.
Article
Biology
Meilin Yan, Fang Yong, Wangye Ji, Lili Zhang, Shuqin Zhao, Yuan Gao
Summary: In this study, an immortalized Bactrian camel fibroblast (iBCF) cell line was established by isolating and purifying primary fibroblast cells from Bactrian camels using enzymatic digestion. Telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) vectors were introduced into the primary BCF (pBCF) and screened with G418 for continuous passage. The newly established cell line, named BCF23, exhibited good growth adaptability and expressed specific marker genes.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Fang Yong, Meilin Yan, Lili Zhang, Wangye Ji, Shuqin Zhao, Yuan Gao
Summary: The FGF21 gene is crucial in glucose and lipid metabolism and is a promising therapeutic target for metabolic diseases. Camels have unique regulation characteristics in glucose and lipid metabolism, which allow them to survive in drought and chronic hunger. This study obtained the camel FGF21 promoter sequence, identified its specific regulatory pattern different from humans and mice, and screened small molecules targeting FGF21 using molecular docking and in silico ADMET druggability prediction. This study expanded the functions of these small molecules and provided a foundation for drug development targeting FGF21.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
K. Morsy, S. B. Dajem, A. Alghamdi, A. El-kott, E. Ibrahim, K. Attia, A. Al-Doaiss, H. El-Mekkawy, N. Sheraba, A. Baiomy, M. Fahmy, F. Shalaby
Summary: In 2020, 52 marine fish specimens were caught from boat landing sites along the Alexandria coast in Egypt. Among them, 30 fish were found to be infected with three different parasitic species, which can negatively impact fish health and lead to consumers rejecting the fish.
ARQUIVO BRASILEIRO DE MEDICINA VETERINARIA E ZOOTECNIA
(2023)
Article
Parasitology
Kareem Morsy, Saad Bin Dajem, Mohammed Al-Kahtani, Attalla El-Kott, Essam Ibrahim, Hamida Hamdi, Amin Al-Doaiss, Mohamed Abumandour, Haitham El-Mekkawy, Diaa Massoud, Asmaa Adel, Shams Abd El-Kareem
Summary: Members of the order Trypanorhyncha are cestode parasites that infect the muscles of marine fish, affecting fish health and consumer behavior. This study identified four different species of parasites and confirmed their taxonomic position through molecular analysis. The results emphasize the importance of removing parasites during the commercialization of fish.
REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Essam Hassan Ibrahim, Mohammad Yahya Alshahrani, Hamed Ali Ghramh, Hani Alothaid, Mona Kilany, Kareem Morsy, Ramadan Taha, Khalid Mushabab Al Syaad, Haitham Ibrahim El-Mekkawy, Gamal Awad EL-Shaboury, Ahmed Abdel Aziz El-Mansi, Ahmad Alamri, Mahmoud Ahmed Sayed, Ibrahim Sayed Yahia, Rahaf Mohammed Hussein Alshareef, Badria Mohammed Al-Shehri, Mohammed Elimam Ahamed Mohammed
Summary: This study investigated the biological effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOE) alone or in combination with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on colon cancer and microbial cell growth. The results showed that MOE had mild antibacterial effects and increased apoptosis and p53 protein expression in colon cancer cells. MOE also arrested cell cycle at G2/M phase and stimulated splenic cell growth. Both extract preparations exhibited antioxidant activities. Thus, MOE can be utilized as an anticancer agent.
PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hamed A. Ghramh, Rahmah N. Al-Qthanin, Zubair Ahmad, Khalid Ali Khan, Essam H. Ibrahim, Habeeb Mansour A. Al-Solami, Ahlam Khalofah, Abeer Alahmari, Farhat S. Khan, Asma N. Asiri, Sally Negm, Mogbel Ahmed Abdalla El-Niweri, Fawziah M. Asiri
Summary: This study investigated the larvicidal toxicity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from the ethanol extract of S. palmeri against 4th instar larvae of Ae aegypti. The results showed that the silver nanoparticles were more effective in killing mosquitoes compared to the original extract.
FRESENIUS ENVIRONMENTAL BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Zoology
Essam H. Ibrahim, Attalla F. El-kott, Ali Alshehri, Mona Kilany, Reza Yavari, Salahud Din, Diaa Massoud
Summary: The morphology and histology of the tongue in two adult Asian bears were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy, revealing four types of papillae. The tongue was covered by a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, with a dense connective tissue making up the lamina propria and thick masses of striated muscles forming the bulk of the tongue. Lingual salivary glands with seromucous secretions were also present in the lingual root.
PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
(2022)
