Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Devon S. Jakob, Nengxu Li, Huanping Zhou, Xiaoji G. Xu
Summary: This article introduces a novel method to generate Coulombic force in KPFM, increasing the spatial resolution to approximately 25 nm. By integrating PiFM, high spatial resolution chemical distributions and surface potential maps can be obtained concurrently. This is expected to facilitate characterizations of nanoscale electrical properties of photoactive materials, semiconductors, and ferroelectric materials.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Christian Kameni Boumenou, Amala Elizabeth, Finn Babbe, Alice Debot, Harry Moeenig, Alex Redinger
Summary: The study investigated the buried MoSe2/CuInSe2 interface of stoichiometric absorbers in thin film solar cells, revealing differences in local density of states compared to the front-side properties. This sheds new light on the complex interface formation in CuInSe2-based thin film solar cells grown under Cu-rich conditions.
PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Mengkang Xu, Xinpeng Tian, Qian Deng, Qun Li, Shengping Shen
Summary: By introducing nanocracks and applying continuously varying mechanical loading, the evolution of flexoelectricity around the crack tips in SrTiO3, Ba0.67Sr0.33TiO3, and TiO2 samples has been successfully measured. This method provides a reliable way to identify the significance of the flexoelectric effect and may open a new avenue for the study of flexoelectricity involving multiple physics phenomena such as flexoelectronics and the flexo-photovoltaic effect.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shangzhi Gu, Wenyu Liu, Shuo Mi, Guoyu Xian, Jiangfeng Guo, Fei Pang, Shanshan Chen, Haitao Yang, Hong-Jun Gao, Zhihai Cheng
Summary: In this study, the twist angle-dependent work functions of twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) were investigated using Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and Raman spectroscopy. The surface potentials of Bernal-stacked multilayer graphene were measured to determine the relationship between twist angle and surface potential. It was found that the work function of tBLG decreases and tends to saturate with increasing number of layers. Controlled annealing process showed that tBLG transforms into Bernal-stacked bilayer graphene. This research provides valuable insights into the twist angle-dependent surface potentials and electronic properties of tBLG.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hwi Je Woo, Seongchan Kim, Young-Jin Choi, Jeong Ho Cho, Seong Heon Kim, Young Jae Song
Summary: The work function of graphene devices on SiO2 substrates is studied using Kelvin probe force microscopy, revealing gate voltage-dependent work-function hysteresis. The inhomogeneous distribution of chemical species at the graphene/SiO2 interface leads to varying degrees of hysteresis across different positions on the graphene.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Ryo Izumi, Masato Miyazaki, Yan Jun Li, Yasuhiro Sugawara
Summary: The recently proposed high-low Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) allows for the evaluation of semiconductor interface states with high spatial resolution using high and low AC bias frequencies. This is important for assessing the energy spectrum of interface state density in semiconductor devices. In this study, a method called high-low Kelvin probe force spectroscopy (high-low KPFS) is proposed, which measures the interface state density inside semiconductors using high and low-frequency AC bias voltages. Preliminary experiments on ion-implanted silicon surfaces confirmed the dependence of electrostatic force on AC bias voltage frequency and obtained the interface state density.
BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jill Serron, Albert Minj, Valentina Spampinato, Alexis Franquet, Yevhenii Rybalchenko, Marie-Emmanuelle Boulon, Steven Brems, Henry Medina Silva, Yuanyuan Shi, Benjamin Groven, Renan Villarreal, Thierry Conard, Paul van der Heide, Thomas Hantschel
Summary: This study investigates the rapid intercalation of water vapor at the interface of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) and sapphire, as well as between two TMD monolayers, and examines its impact on their electrical properties. The findings reveal that water vapor can intercalate rapidly within a few minutes and show partial reversibility under (ultra)-high vacuum conditions. Complete desorption of intercalated water clusters significantly enhances the electronic properties of TMDs, but also indicates that the characterization of TMD samples is significantly affected by the presence of water intercalation in air, inert environments, and even vacuum. Moreover, the study highlights a correlation between water intercalation and the presence of defects, contributing to the gradual degradation of TMDs as they age.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Woongbin Yim, Van Tu Nguyen, Quynh Thi Phung, Hwan Sik Kim, Yeong Hwan Ahn, Soonil Lee, Ji-Yong Park
Summary: The spatial distribution of photogenerated carriers in atomically thin MoS2 flakes and their correlation with photocurrent generation is investigated using Kelvin probe force microscopy. The study reveals that surface potential changes can image the vertical redistribution of photogenerated carriers, and the trapping of photogenerated holes at the interface between MoS2 and the substrate is the main mechanism for the photoresponse.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chin Chyi Loo, Sha Shiong Ng, Wei Sea Chang
Summary: The recent progress in piezotronics and piezo-phototronics has revealed new methods for adjusting/enhancing the performance of GaN-based devices, and the photostrictive effect in GaN samples with InGaN/GaN MQWs can be elucidated through the combination of light-induced surface electric field and converse piezoelectric effect. The enhanced piezoelectric coefficient under laser illumination suggests the potential for adjustable photostrictive responses in optomechanical sensors/actuators by manipulating the strain state of MQWs.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yuuki Adachi, Yasuhiro Sugawara, Yan Jun Li
Summary: Probing CO on a rutile TiO2(110) surface using atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy enables the resolution of the interatomic dipole moment and charge state of CO at atomic resolution. The results suggest that both charge state and on-surface dipole interaction play a significant role in the reaction of CO on rutile TiO2(110) surface.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jie Mao, Zhenao Gu, Yue Yu, Huijuan Liu, Jiuhui Qu, Xiaoqiang An
Summary: This study integrated visual observation techniques and material synthesis strategies to reveal the structure-activity relationship of a single BiVO4 photocatalyst, confirming the significance of facet engineering for enhancing photocatalytic activity.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
A. S. Nikolenko, V. V. Strelchuk, P. M. Lytvyn, I. M. Danylenko, S. Malyuta, O. G. Gontar, S. P. Starik, T. Kovalenko, S. O. Ivakhnenko
Summary: By using various microscopes, the interface characteristics of boron-doped diamond single crystals in different growth sectors were studied. The distribution of boron impurities and the structural quality showed significant differences among different sectors, while the inter-sectoral boundaries demonstrated a high level of structural perfection.
DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Minwoo Lee, Eunyoung Choi, Arman Mahboubi Soufiani, Jihoo Lim, Moonyong Kim, Daniel Chen, Martin Andrew Green, Jan Seidel, Sean Lim, Jincheol Kim, Xinchen Dai, Robert Lee-Chin, Bolin Zheng, Ziv Hameiri, Jongsung Park, Xiaojing Hao, Jae Sung Yun
Summary: This study presents an effective strategy to improve the performance of halide perovskite-based PV devices by using a hole-selective layer formed by PEAI salt, achieving high efficiency and stability under different light conditions.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Joel Ndikumana, Kunsik An
Summary: We performed local surface potential mapping of pentacene film using scanning kelvin probe microscopy and found that grain boundaries behave as hole traps.
MICROSCOPY RESEARCH AND TECHNIQUE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sayanti Samaddar, Jeff Strasdas, Kevin Janssen, Sven Just, Tjorven Johnsen, Zhenxing Wang, Burkay Uzlu, Sha Li, Daniel Neumaier, Marcus Liebmann, Markus Morgenstern
Summary: By studying the current-induced surface potential maps of graphene field-effect transistors, it was discovered that electron-electron scattering dominates in certain areas, exhibiting viscous flow phenomena, even at moderate mobility.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Leo Polak, Jan H. Rector, Martin J. Slaman, Rinke J. Wijngaarden
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2016)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Leo Polak, Tom P. N. Veeken, Jorick Houtkamp, Martin J. Slaman, Saskia M. Kars, Jan H. Rector, Rinke J. Wijngaarden
Article
Physics, Nuclear
S. De Man, K. Heeck, K. Smith, R. J. Wijngaarden, D. Iannuzzi
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS A
(2010)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
A. Baldi, G. K. Palsson, M. Gonzalez-Silveira, H. Schreuders, M. Slaman, J. H. Rector, G. Krishnan, B. J. Kooi, G. S. Walker, M. W. Fay, B. Hjorvarsson, R. J. Wijngaarden, B. Dam, R. Griessen
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
John R. Clem, Ruslan Prozorov, Rinke J. Wijngaarden
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
V. Kozhevnikov, R. J. Wijngaarden, J. de Wit, C. van Haesendonck
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Y. Y. Villanueva, D. V. Denisov, S. de Man, R. J. Wijngaarden
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
D. V. Denisov, Y. Y. Villanueva, R. J. Wijngaarden
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
D. V. Denisov, Y. Y. Villanueva, K. A. Lorincz, S. May, R. J. Wijngaarden
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Leo Polak, Sven de Man, Rinke J. Wijngaarden
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2014)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiaoyang Duan, Ronald Griessen, Rinke J. Wijngaarden, Simon Kamin, Na Liu
PHYSICAL REVIEW MATERIALS
(2018)
Article
Physics, Applied
Bastiaan Veltkamp, Rinke J. Wijngaarden
PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED
(2018)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Leo Polak, Rinke J. Wijngaarden
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
S. de Man, K. Heeck, R. J. Wijngaarden, D. Iannuzzi
JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B
(2010)
Article
Microscopy
C. Gao, C. Hofer, T. J. Pennycook
Summary: Ptychography provides high dose efficiency images that can reveal light elements next to heavy atoms. However, contrast reversals can occur when the projected potential becomes strong. Recent research has shown that these reversals can be counteracted by adapting the focus. This study explains why the best contrast is often found with the probe focused to the middle of the sample and highlights the importance of convergence angle in thin samples to remove contrast reversals.
Article
Microscopy
J. Lindner, U. Ross, T. Meyer, V. Boureau, M. Seibt, Ch. Jooss
Summary: Phase-shifting electron holography is an excellent method with high phase sensitivity to reveal electron wave phase information. An advanced drift correction scheme is proposed in this study, which exploits the interface of the TEM specimen and the vacuum area in the hologram. This method allows for obtaining reliable phase information.
Article
Microscopy
Ali Jaberi, Nicolas Brodusch, Jun Song, Raynald Gauvin
Summary: This study investigates knock-on damage in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) by computing threshold displacement energies (TDEs) and performing Monte Carlo simulation. The results indicate that Li is most sensitive to knock-on damage at moderate electron energies, and TDE is the principal parameter for assessing Li sensitivity to knock-on damage across similar structures.
Article
Microscopy
Alexander Schroeder, Christopher Rathje, Leon van Velzen, Maurits Kelder, Sascha Schaefer
Summary: This study utilizes novel event-based electron detector platforms to extend the temporal resolution of electron microscopy. By training a neural network to predict electron arrival time, the researchers were able to improve the timing accuracy and achieve a promising solution for enhancing electron timing precision in various electron microscopy applications.
Article
Microscopy
Avi Auslender, Nivedita Pandey, Amit Kohn, Oswaldo Dieguez
Summary: This article describes a faster implementation based on DFT for computing the mean inner potential of crystals, providing quantum-mechanical calculations beyond the independent-atom approximation. The study also reveals the dependence of the mean inner potential on sample boundary conditions, mass density, and magnetic susceptibility, highlighting its correlation with various material properties.
Article
Microscopy
Zhidong Yang, Dawei Zang, Hongjia Li, Zhao Zhang, Fa Zhang, Renmin Han
Summary: In this work, we propose a self-supervised deep learning model for cryo-ET volumetric image denoising based on noise modeling and sparsity guidance. Experimental results demonstrate that our method can achieve reliable denoising by training on single noisy volume and outperform existing methods.
Article
Microscopy
J. Kuttruff, J. Holder, Y. Meng, P. Baum
Summary: In this study, a robust clustering algorithm is proposed that can find clusters in a continuous stream of raw data in real time. This algorithm converts pixel hits measured by hybrid pixel detectors to real single-electron events. By continuously comparing with previous hits, the algorithm efficiently identifies the merging of new and old events.
Article
Microscopy
D. G. Senturk, C. P. Yu, A. De Backer, S. Van Aert
Summary: This article presents a statistics-based method for accurately counting the number of atoms in nanostructures, especially for images acquired with low electron doses and multiple element structures.
Article
Microscopy
Mauricio J. Prieto, Lucas de Souza Caldas, Liviu C. Tanase, Thomas Schmidt, Oscar Rodriguez de la Fuente
Summary: This study presents a synchrotron-based investigation of the synthesis process of a magnetite/hematite bilayer. Ion bombardment gradually transforms hematite into magnetite, and the growth of magnetite leads to the formation of stable boundaries. These findings are significant for understanding novel oxide heterostructures.
Article
Microscopy
Emre Yoruk, Holger Klein, Stephanie Kodjikian
Summary: Beam sensitive nanomaterials pose challenges for crystallographic structure determination. A dose symmetric electron diffraction tomography (DS-EDT) method is developed to reduce beam damage and obtain complete data sets by merging individual datasets from multiple crystals.
Article
Microscopy
A. Pofelski, Y. Zhu, G. A. Botton
Summary: The precision and sensitivity of the GPA method for strain characterization is a widely discussed topic. This study introduces the concept of phase noise and analyzes the parameter of sampling to improve the precision of GPA. Experimental and theoretical results demonstrate that using a larger pixel spacing in STEM can enhance the precision and sensitivity of the GPA method.
Article
Microscopy
Sangjun Kang, Di Wang, Christian Kuebel, Xiaoke Mu
Summary: Transmission electron microscopy is a valuable tool for assessing strain fields within materials. However, using thin specimens in TEM analysis can affect atomic configuration and deformation structure.