Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Massimo Bortolotti, Letizia Polito, Maria Giulia Battelli, Andrea Bolognesi
Summary: Human xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a versatile enzyme with various activities, including purine catabolism, production of reactive oxygen species, generation of nitric oxide, and NADH oxidase activity. These activities contribute to metabolism of compounds and play a key role in inflammatory defense.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Masato Furuhashi, Yukimura Higashiura, Masayuki Koyama, Marenao Tanaka, Takayo Murase, Takashi Nakamura, Seigo Akari, Akiko Sakai, Kazuma Mori, Hirofumi Ohnishi, Shigeyuki Saitoh, Kazuaki Shimamoto, Tetsuji Miura
Summary: The study found that plasma XOR activity is independently associated with hypertension in nondiabetic individuals who are not taking any medications. The activity is positively correlated with mean arterial pressure and significantly higher in the hypertension group compared to the non-hypertension group.
HYPERTENSION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rosario Rullo, Carmen Cerchia, Rosarita Nasso, Virgilio Romanelli, Emmanuele De Vendittis, Mariorosario Masullo, Antonio Lavecchia
Summary: Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a flavoprotein that plays a crucial role in the oxidation of hypoxanthine to uric acid. Abnormal functions of XO can lead to severe diseases, such as gout-causing hyperuricemia and tissue damage. In this study, we identified four non-purine-like compounds (ALS-1, -8, -15, and -28) that directly inhibit XO activity. Among them, ALS-28 showed the highest potency as an inhibitor. These structurally unrelated compounds have the potential to be further developed into lead compounds.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jinfen Chen, Lieqiang Xu, Linyun Jiang, Yulin Wu, Long Wei, Xiaoli Wu, Shihong Xiao, Yuhong Liu, Changjun Gao, Jian Cai, Ziren Su
Summary: Sonneratia apetala seeds have been found to have potential nutraceutical benefits in lowering uric acid levels and protecting against renal injury through modulation of anti-oxidant status and inflammatory responses. These seeds also show promise in reversing hyperuricemia-induced kidney damage by activating the Nrf2 pathway and suppressing the TXNIP/NLRP3 inflammasome.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Austin G. Stack, David Han, Ronald Goldwater, Susanne Johansson, Nalina Dronamraju, Jan Oscarsson, Eva Johnsson, Joanna Parkinson, Fredrik Erlandsson
Summary: The study found that combining dapagliflozin with verinurad and febuxostat can effectively lower sUA levels without increasing urinary uric acid excretion, indicating that this combination therapy does not adversely affect kidney function.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Solomon E. Owumi, Angel O. Umez, Uche Arunsi, Chioma E. Irozuru
Summary: We examined the effects of Coartem & TRADE; (COA) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB(1)) on the hypothalamus, epididymis, and testis of rats. The results showed that exposure to COA and AFB(1) caused decreased sperm motility, viability, and volume, with increased abnormalities. Hormonal disruptions were observed, including increased prolactin and decreased testosterone, FSH, and LH levels. The treatment also led to reductions in antioxidant levels and enzyme activities, while increasing DNA damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Chronic exposure to COA and AFB1 could potentially lead to infertility.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sen -sen Hu, Ting-jian Zhang, Zhao-ran Wang, En-yu Xu, Qiu-yin Wang, Xu Zhang, Shuai Guo, Jing Wang, Fan-hao Meng
Summary: Previous studies indicated that N-phenyl aromatic amides are a promising class of xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors. In this study, a series of N-phenyl aromatic amide derivatives were designed and synthesized to establish their structure-activity relationship. The most potent XO inhibitor identified was N-(3-(1H-imidazol1-yl)-4-((2-methylbenzyl)oxy)phenyl)-1H-imidazole-4-carboxamide (12r), which displayed comparable in vitro potency to topiroxostat. Molecular docking and simulation revealed strong interactions between 12r and specific residues. In vivo hypouricemic studies demonstrated improved uric acid lowering effects of 12r. Pharmacokinetic studies showed a short half-life of 0.25 h after oral administration, and 12r exhibited noncytotoxicity against normal cells.
BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Letizia Polito, Massimo Bortolotti, Maria Giulia Battelli, Andrea Bolognesi
Summary: Cardiovascular diseases are mainly caused by atherosclerosis and are closely linked to oxidative stress and inflammation. Excessive XOR products contribute to inflammatory response and plaque development, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Barakat M. ALRashdi, Hassan A. Elgebaly, Mousa O. Germoush, Moath M. Qarmush, Mona S. Azab, Reem S. Alruhaimi, Ahmad F. Ahmeda, Mohammad H. Abukhalil, Emadeldin M. Kamel, Hany H. Arab, Mohammed A. Alzoghaibi, Mohammed F. Alotaibi, Ayman M. Mahmoud
Summary: This study investigated the effects of Monolluma quadrangula extract (MQE) on hyperuricemic rats and found that MQE exhibited renoprotective properties by inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity, reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, and modulating urate transporters.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tianshu Gao, Jin Xu, Yuxiao Xiao, Jiaqi Li, Weifeng Hu, Xiaoyu Su, Xudong Shen, Wan Yu, Zhen Chen, Baosheng Huang, Honglei Li, Xing Wang
Summary: The study found that N-(9,10-anthraquinone-2-ylcarbonyl) xanthine oxidase inhibitors (NAY) can reduce the levels of uric acid by inhibiting xanthine oxidase activity, regulating the uric acid transporter, and inhibiting inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yuqing Zhou, Yupeng Zeng, Zhijun Pan, Yufeng Jin, Qing Li, Juan Pang, Xin Wang, Yu Chen, Yan Yang, Wenhua Ling
Summary: This study found that resveratrol supplementation for 8 weeks had no significant effect on lipid profile but decreased uric acid in a dose-response manner in individuals with dyslipidemia. It also demonstrated an inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase activity. However, there were no significant differences in glucose, insulin, or oxidative stress biomarkers between the resveratrol groups and placebo.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Ze-Rui Sun, Hua-Rong Liu, Di Hu, Mao-Si Fan, Ming-Yue Wang, Meng-Fei An, Yun-Li Zhao, Ze-Min Xiang, Jun Sheng
Summary: Ellagic acid (EA) has been shown to effectively regulate hyperuricemia by inhibiting xanthine oxidase and superoxide anion, reducing uric acid levels through the NLRP3 signaling pathway, and improving histopathology in animal models.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Sevilay Erdogan Kablan, Abdulkadir Yilmaz, Umit Kervan, Nuran Ozaltin, Emirhan Nemutlu
Summary: Cardiopulmonary bypass during cardiac surgery may cause a systemic inflammatory reaction, leading to complications such as acute renal failure. This study developed an electroanalytical method for simultaneous analysis of three biomarkers in plasma samples and successfully applied it to early diagnosis of ARF after CPB.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Luisa B. B. Maia
Summary: Enzymes of the xanthine oxidase family containing molybdenum are known for catalyzing oxygen atom transfer reactions, but their ability to abstract an oxygen atom from the substrate molecule is not widely recognized. The discovery of mammalian xanthine oxidase's capability to catalyze the oxygen atom abstraction of nitrite to form nitric oxide (NO) was met with surprise and skepticism from the molybdenum community. Through extensive studies on enzymes of various families, it is now widely recognized that molybdoenzymes have the ability to form NO from nitrite.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yixiang Liu, Naixin Liu, Wenxin Bian, Yue Zhang, Yutong Wu, Ying Peng, Zeqiong Ru, Zhe Fu, Yinglei Wang, Chao Li, Xinwang Yang, Ying Wang
Summary: A short peptide (NCTX15) from Nephila clavata spider toxin gland homogenates was found to lower uric acid levels, inhibit inflammatory responses, and alleviate renal injury, showing potential for treating gout and hyperuricemia.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Gabriela M. Moraru, Brandon Chatani, Octavio Martinez, Gwendolyn Scott, Leonardo Tamariz, Charles D. Mitchell
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2020)
Letter
Health Care Sciences & Services
Ana Palacio, Leonardo Tamariz
Editorial Material
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Leonardo Tamariz, Ana Palacio, Robert Myerburg, Joel Fishman, Jeffrey J. Goldberger
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Reyan Ghany, Ana Palacio, Gordon Chen, Elissa Dawkins, Emancia Forbes, Thiago Tajiri, Leonardo Tamariz
BLOOD PRESSURE MONITORING
(2020)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Gabriel Contreras, Lingyi Lu, Leonardo Tamariz, Michael V. Rocco, Vasilios Papademetriou, John B. Kostis, Roberto Pisoni, Stephen P. Glasser, Mary E. Sweeney, Jan Basile, Lisa H. Gren, Sara Zamanian, William C. Cushman
JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION
(2020)
Article
Ethics
Esteban Ortiz-Prado, Katherine Simbana-Rivera, Lenin Gomez-Barreno, Leonardo Tamariz, Alex Lister, Juan Carlos Baca, Alegria Norris, Lila Adana-Diaz
BMC MEDICAL ETHICS
(2020)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Fahim F. Pyarali, Roumen Iordanov, Ana Palacio, Leonardo Tamariz
JOURNAL OF CRITICAL CARE
(2020)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Maria F. Becerra, Mahmoud Alameddine, Isaac Zucker, Leonardo Tamariz, Ana Palacio, Zsuzsanna Nemeth, Maria Camila Velasquez, Luis Felipe Savio, Marcelo Panizzutti, Joshua S. Jue, Nachiketh Soodana-Prakash, Chad R. Ritch, Mark L. Gonzalgo, Dipen J. Parekh, Sanoj Punnen
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Rakesh Malhotra, Ronit Katz, Vasantha Jotwani, Adhish Agarwal, Debbie L. Cohen, William C. Cushman, Areef Ishani, Anthony A. Killeen, Dalane W. Kitzman, Suzanne Oparil, Vasilios Papademetriou, Chirag R. Parikh, Kalani L. Raphael, Michael Rocco, Leonardo J. Tamariz, Paul K. Whelton, Jackson T. Wright, Michael G. Shlipak, Joachim H. Ix
Summary: This study found that greater eGFR variability was independently associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality, but not with the risk of cardiovascular events, in trial participants at high risk for CVD.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF KIDNEY DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Ana Palacio, Leonardo Tamariz
Summary: In Miami-Dade county, COVID-19 infection is associated with economic disadvantage in a particular geographical area rather than with racial/ethnic distribution.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Sadeer G. Al-Kindi, Robert D. Brook, Udayan Bhatt, Michael Brauer, William C. Cushman, Heidi A. Hanson, John Kostis, James P. Lash, Robert Paine, Kalani L. Raphael, Stephen Rapp, Leonardo Tamariz, Jackson T. Wright, Sanjay Rajagopalan
Summary: This study examined the impact of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure on cardiovascular events in the context of intensive blood pressure lowering intervention. The results showed that the benefits of intensive blood pressure lowering on cardiovascular events were greater in patients exposed to higher levels of PM2.5.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Reyan Ghany, Ana Palacio, Elissa Dawkins, Gordon Chen, Daniel McCarter, Emancia Forbes, Brian Chung, Leonardo Tamariz
Summary: In a study involving elderly minority Medicare COVID-19 patients, it was found that patients using metformin had lower hospitalization, mortality, and ARDS rates. Those who took 1000 mg of metformin daily had lower mortality, but similar hospitalization and ARDS rates compared to those taking 500-850 mg daily.
DIABETES & METABOLIC SYNDROME-CLINICAL RESEARCH & REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Stephen R. Rapp, Sarah A. Gaussoin, Bonnie C. Sachs, Gordon Chelune, Mark A. Supiano, Alan J. Lerner, Virginia G. Wadley, Valarie M. Wilson, Lawrence J. Fine, Jeff C. Whittle, Alexander P. Auchus, Srinivasan Beddhu, Dan R. Berlowitz, Adam P. Bress, Karen C. Johnson, Marie Krousel-Wood, Jennifer Martindale-Adams, Eliza C. Miller, Dena E. Rifkin, Joni K. Snyder, Leonardo Tamariz, Dawn F. Wolfgram, Maryjo L. Cleveland, Mia Yang, Linda O. Nichols, Robert Nick Bryan, David M. Reboussin, Jeff D. Williamson, Nicholas M. Pajewski
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Leonardo Tamariz, Ana Palacio, Gabriel Contreras, Robert Myerburg, Juhani Junttila, Neal Olarte, Jeffrey J. Goldberger
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Ana Palacio, Ruaa Mansi, David Seo, Maritza Suarez, Sylvia Garay, Heidy Medina, Fei Tang, Leonardo Tamariz
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MANAGED CARE
(2020)
