Article
Environmental Sciences
Jianhong Sun, Yuanfang Deng, Shaohua Li, Wenyong Xu, Guoquan Liu
Summary: This research investigated the enhanced efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw through freeze-thaw pretreatment and analyzed the changes in physicochemical structure after pretreatment. The study found that cellulose and hemicellulose hydrolysis efficiency was improved, with hemicellulose being more susceptible to pretreatment. The highest hydrolysis efficiency for cellulose and hemicellulose was 57.06% and 70.66%, respectively, achieved at -80℃ for 24 hours and -10℃ for 24 hours, which were 2.23 and 3.13 times higher than the control levels, respectively. The study also observed cracks and holes in the pretreated samples, indicating structural changes. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis revealed disruptions in the crystalline and amorphous regions and hydrogen bonds. This study provides a physical pretreatment method for enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of wheat straw.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jiaxin Chen, Xin Wang, Biying Zhang, Yifan Yang, Yangbo Song, Fan Zhang, Bianfang Liu, Yuan Zhou, Yanglei Yi, Yuanyuan Shan, Xin Lu
Summary: The study investigated the optimization of subcritical water pretreatment and high solid hydrolysis for improving the conversion efficiency of bioethanol from wheat straw. Accumulation of lignin in solid residue after enzymatic hydrolysis was found to not affect the efficiency of bioethanol conversion, indicating a promising strategy for utilizing all components of lignocellulosic biomass.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Emanuela Calcio Gaudino, Giorgio Grillo, Silvia Tabasso, Livio Stevanato, Giancarlo Cravotto, Kaisa Marjamaa, Ville Pihlajaniemi, Anu Koivula, Nina Aro, Jaana Uusitalo, Jarmo Ropponen, Lauri Kuutti, Pauliina Kivinen, Heimo Kanerva, Alexander Arshanitsa, Lilija Jashina, Vilhelmine Jurkjane, Anna Andersone, Thomas Dreyer, Gerhard Schories
Summary: This paper reports the dominant physical effects of ultrasound (US) pretreatment on improving delignification of wheat straw. The study demonstrates that ultrasound pretreatment can effectively increase the yield of soluble sugars by making the cellulose more susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis. The results show that ultrasound pretreatment has advantages over steam explosion pretreatment in terms of environmental impact and cost-benefit analysis.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Zhe Ji, Yue Wu, Xinting Li, Yateng Wang, Zhe Ling, Yao Meng, Peng Lu, Fushan Chen
Summary: This study proposed a novel, low-cost, and environmentally friendly electrogenerated alkaline hydrogen peroxide (EAHP) pretreatment method that can simultaneously produce H2O2 and pretreat biomass. The enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose and xylan in the pretreated lignocellulosic biomass was significantly enhanced.
BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Wei Tang, Xinxing Wu, Caoxing Huang, Zhe Ling, Chenhuan Lai, Qiang Yong
Summary: Pretreatment with FeCl3 and AlCl3 can significantly increase enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of waste wheat straw, mainly by increasing xylan removal. Additionally, metallic chlorides pretreatment can also reduce the surface charge, hydrophobicity, and protein adsorption capacity of lignin from waste wheat straw.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xiao-le Liu, Zhen Fang, Xiao-fei Tian, Zheng-diao Miao
Summary: In this study, wheat straw was pretreated with a combination of ball milling (BM) and NaAlO2 particles (NaAlO2-BM) for efficient enzymatic hydrolysis. The results showed that NaAlO2-BM pretreatment significantly reduced particle size to tissue scale within 10 minutes, with 0.5 times lower energy consumption compared to BM pretreatment. The 20-minute NaAlO2-BM pretreatment achieved a glucose yield of 95.4% and the highest energy efficiency of 0.121 kg glucose/kWh, increasing by 1.1 times than BM pretreatment. Energy consumption was positively correlated with cellulose content and negatively correlated with particle size, cellulose crystallinity, and energy efficiency. The combination of BM and NaAlO2 particles proved to be a promising pretreatment approach for glucose production and improving energy efficiency during lignocellulosic hydrolysis.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Hui Zhang, Junhui Wu
Summary: This study optimized the pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw using alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP). The results showed that optimal sugar yields and cellulose, hemicellulose removal were achieved under specific conditions of hydrogen peroxide concentration, temperature, time, enzyme loading, and biomass loading.
FERMENTATION-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jinling Cai, Yu Wang, Jie Liu, Xinzhi Zhang, Fengmei Li
Summary: This study uses NaOH/urea and electrohydrolysis pretreatment to enhance the disruption of rice straw and the production of biofuels and chemicals. The pretreatment methods effectively disrupt the lignin structure and increase the cellulose crystallinity of rice straw. The hydrolysis of the pretreated rice straw produces a higher amount of reducing sugars and an increased yield of hydrogen.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zhiquan Wang, Suqing Wu, Chunzhen Fan, Xiangyong Zheng, Wei Zhang, Deyi Wu, Xinze Wang, Hainan Kong
Summary: The study found that the optimal NaOH pre-treatment conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw to enhance reducing sugar yield were NaOH concentration of 1.0%, solid content of 5.0%, and pre-treatment time of 60 minutes. Optimization of parameters such as solid content, enzyme loading, temperature, pH, and hydrolysis time during enzymatic hydrolysis can significantly increase the yield of reducing sugars.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Huanhuan Zhang, Yuanyuan Wang, Ruinan Yang, Zhenli Yan, Zigao Zhao, Chaojun Du, Yujie Chen, Wei Chen, Chun Chang
Summary: This study compared three mild pretreatment methods (formic acid pretreatment, sodium chlorite pretreatment, and alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment) for wheat straw. The results showed that alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment had better enzyme accessibility and higher enzymatic hydrolysis yield, and lignin can be separated from the liquid, improving the process's economics. Furthermore, response surface methodology was used to optimize the enzyme and additive conditions, achieving a maximum enzymatic hydrolysis yield of 94.15%. Fed-batch experiments with high-solid loadings achieved an enzymatic hydrolysis yield of 86.05%. These results contribute to improving the economic feasibility of wheat straw pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis process.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Dimitrios Ilanidis, Stefan Stagge, Leif J. Jonsson, Carlos Martin
Summary: Biochemical conversion of wheat straw was studied using hydrothermal pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, and microbial fermentation. Different pretreatment conditions had significant effects on chemical composition, enzymatic digestibility, carbohydrate composition, inhibitory byproducts, furfural, and fermentability. Xylose concentration in pretreatment liquids increased with temperature up to 190 degrees C and then decreased.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hui Chen, Jiangyun Mao, Bo Jiang, Wenjuan Wu, Yongcan Jin
Summary: This study utilized Na2CO3-O-2 pretreatment to enhance sugar recovery from waste wheat straw, achieving high delignification selectivity at relatively low temperature and TTA charge. The low pH value of the spent liquor after Na2CO3-O-2 pretreatment prevented the degradation of carbohydrates, resulting in a promising and cost-efficient biorefining process for the value-added utilization of WWS.
PROCESS BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Jie Zhao, Xuxiong Tao, Junfeng Li, Yushan Jia, Tao Shao
Summary: Silencing rice straw with dilute formic acid can reduce the cost of lignocellulosic pretreatment and improve fermentation dynamics and enzymatic hydrolysis. The use of 0.6% formic acid showed the best results in promoting hemicellulose removal and xylose production, leading to increased cellulose convertibility and glucose yield.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xinyuan Zhang, Yiqin Wang, Jie Lu, Miaomiao Liu, Wanting Tan, Yi Cheng, Yehan Tao, Jian Du, Haisong Wang
Summary: This paper used five different types of biosurfactants to enhance the saccharification efficiency in the enzymatic hydrolysis process. The addition of sophorolipid increased the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency by 30.65%, while the combination of sophorolipid and tea saponin further increased the efficiency to 99.56%. These biosurfactants acted synergistically to inhibit enzymatic inactivation and non-productive adsorption of lignin. This study proposes an effective method to improve enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency and reduce enzyme dosage by utilizing biosurfactants.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Junwei Yao, Xiaobao Xie, Qingshan Shi
Summary: FeCl3 was used as a catalyst in the GVL/H2O solvent system for efficient pretreatment of Chinese silvergrass, resulting in removal of xylan and lignin and conversion of cellulose and xylan to fermentable monosaccharides. FeCl3 also decreased transesterification of cellulose with GVL, leading to more easily degraded cellulose. Overall, FeCl3-catalyzed GVL solvent showed potential for biomass deconstruction and increased cellulose digestibility.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yanan Yin, Yang Chen, Jianlong Wang
Summary: Co-fermentation of sewage sludge and algae with the addition of Fe2+ significantly enhances hydrogen production by stimulating hydrogen-producing metabolism, promoting volatile solids and protein degradation, and enriching hydrogen-producing microbes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Jianlong Wang, Yanan Yin
Summary: Clostridium species play a significant role in dark fermentative hydrogen production, with high hydrogen yield and wide substrate range, although efforts are still needed to ensure efficient and stable operation of the system and economic applicability.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yang Chen, Yanan Yin, Jianlong Wang
Summary: The study found that pretreating Laminaria japonica with gamma irradiation can enhance hydrogen production by dark fermentation. Irradiation at 10-30 kGy effectively breaks down the seaweed's structure and increases the concentration of organic compounds, but doses above 30 kGy may have a negative impact on hydrogen production efficiency.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yanan Yin, Jianlong Wang
Summary: The co-fermentation of sewage sludge and macroalgae can enhance the production of medium chain carboxylates (MCCs) and improve the utilization efficiency of organic matter. The highest MCCs concentration was obtained in the co-fermentation group with a sludge/macroalgae ratio of 4:6.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jianlong Wang, Yanan Yin
Summary: The biological production of MCCs through chain elongation is a promising and economically feasible method, with great potential to produce valuable MCCs from complex organic waste and broaden their application fields, particularly in the renewable energy sector.
BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yanan Yin, Weize Song, Jianlong Wang
Summary: This study examined the working mechanisms of acetic acid inhibition on dark fermentative hydrogen production. The results showed that undissociated acetic acid concentration was the critical factor in acetic acid inhibition. Acetic acid inhibited hydrogen production by altering the dominant microbial community and regulating the metabolic pathways. Controlling the undissociated acetic acid concentration would be an effective strategy to alleviate acetic acid inhibition.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yanan Yin, Jianlong Wang
Summary: The co-fermentation of antibiotic fermentation residues (AFRs) and fallen Ginkgo leaves at different C/N ratios was found to be effective in producing medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA). The optimal C/N ratio of 50 resulted in the highest MCFA production, and the increase in C/N ratio affected the abundance of SCFA producers and CE microbes. Functional enzyme analysis revealed enhanced pathways related to fatty acid biosynthesis with increased C/N ratio.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yanan Yin, Yuming Hu, Jianlong Wang
Summary: This study explored the production of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) from sewage sludge and lignocellulosic biomass. Co-fermentation of sludge and lignocellulosic biomass significantly increased caproate production and promoted the formation of longer-chain MCFAs.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yanan Yin, Jianlong Wang
Summary: Production of medium chain carboxylates (MCCs) from sewage sludge (SS) is an economically and environmentally feasible technology. The use of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as Fenton oxidation (FO), persulfate oxidation (PO), and combined Fenton-persulfate oxidation (CFP) can improve MCCs production. PO and CFO treatment promoted MCCs production by strengthening the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yanan Yin, Jianlong Wang
Summary: This study utilized gamma radiation pretreatment and two-stage anaerobic fermentation to effectively remove antibiotics and produce MCFAs from AFRs. By enriching genera positively correlated with MCFAs production and diminishing genera negatively correlated with MCFAs production, the production of MCFAs was promoted.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yanan Yin, Tianru Lou, Weize Song, Cheng Wang, Jianlong Wang
Summary: This study found that ionizing radiation pretreatment of antibiotic fermentation residues (AFRs) can stimulate the production of medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) and inhibit the proliferation of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The results showed that radiation at 10-50 kGy decreased the abundances of ARGs by 0.6-21.1% at the end of fermentation process. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) exhibited higher resistance to ionizing radiation, requiring radiation over 30 kGy to suppress their proliferation. Radiation at 50 kGy achieved a sufficient inhibition of MGEs, with degradation efficiencies of 17.8-74.5% for different types of MGEs. This study suggests that ionizing radiation pretreatment could be a viable option for the safer application of AFRs by eliminating ARGs and preventing horizontal gene transfer.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yanan Yin, Tao Zhang, Shijun He, Jianlong Wang
Summary: This study demonstrated that combining thermal pretreatment and anaerobic fermentation can effectively enhance erythromycin removal from fermentation residues, indicating a promising approach for the treatment of erythromycin waste.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
A. Khallouqi, A. Halimi, O. El Rhazouani
Summary: A pediatric head phantom made of epoxy resin was used to evaluate radiation exposure in CT scans. The phantom demonstrated dosimetric properties comparable to commercially available phantoms, making it a practical and economical option for assessing radiation dose in children.
RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
M. Y. Shoeib, Doaa A. Ahmed, A. F. Abd-Elraheem
Summary: The research aims to measure and analyze the levels of radon concentration, radium concentration, and radon exhalation rates in geopolymer cement mixes, and assess their impact on indoor air quality. Results indicate that geopolymer cement materials are safe for use in construction, except for specific mixes.
RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
M. J. Leotlela
Summary: This article presents the results of radiochemical events/processes that occur when water is exposed to ionising radiation of charged particles (beta and alpha-particles). The idea of cogeneration becomes even more lucrative if we consider that hydrogen energy generation is clean (also known as green energy) because of its insignificant contribution to environmental pollution. These results supplement the fluctuation in effective dose theory/hypothesis of a previous study on time-dependent variations in the radiological health impact of an interim SNFS facility presented in 2021 (Leotlela, 2021).
RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Vyacheslav Ivanovich Pavlenko, Roman Vladimirovich Sidelnikov, Vitaly Valerievich Kashibadze, Mikhail Igorevich Dobynde, Dmitry Alexandrovich Kartashov, Vyacheslav Alexandrovich Shurshakov
Summary: This work explores the possibility of using a polymer composite to protect against neutron radiation in space conditions. The study shows that the proposed polymer composite has high structural properties necessary for use in space. Monte Carlo simulation is used to evaluate the neutron radiation passage through the material. The results demonstrate that the protective layer made of the polymer composite is thinner and more suitable for spacecraft, which is crucial due to limited space on board.
RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Islam G. Alhindawy, M. I. Sayyed, Dalal Abdullah Aloraini, Aljawhara H. Almuqrin, Mohammad S. Alomar, Gaber A. Elawadi, K. A. Mahmoud
Summary: This study investigated the effects of Neodymium (III) nitrate hexahydrate and lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate on the structural and radiation shielding properties of zircon mineral, and a new La/Nb-doped ZrO2 nanocomposite was fabricated. Experimental techniques such as energy-dispersive X-ray, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction pattern were used to analyze the structure and composition of the fabricated nanocomposites. Monte Carlo simulation was employed to evaluate the gamma-ray shielding properties. The results showed that the fabricated composites had good shielding characteristics, with a shielding capacity of 30-50% compared to pure lead in the intermediate energy range of 0.244-2.506 MeV.
RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hassan Salah, Mohammed Alkhorayef, Layal Jambi, Mohammed Almuwanis, Abdelmoneim Sulieman
Summary: Cardiovascular nuclear medicine imaging examinations expose patients to high doses of ionizing radiation. This study assessed the radiation doses and public exposure in cardiac rest and stress SPECT scans. The effective dose from cardiac stress was higher than previous studies, which may be influenced by clinical indication imaging protocols and radiation safety measures.
RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Leandro Barbosa da Silveira Gatto, Delson Braz, Leonardo Pacifico, Paulo Travassos, Luis Alexandre Goncalves Magalhaes
Summary: This study evaluated the mean glandular dose (MGD) in mammography using a computed radiography (CR) system with a solid-state detector. Irradiations and simulations were conducted to determine the MGD and spectra for the same conditions. The results showed that the glandular dose was below the acceptable levels and the spectra were mostly in accordance with the literature.
RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mawya Khafaji, Rashid Barnawi, Salma Amoudi, Hassan Gabbani, Rayan Alhazmi, Rayan Ahyad, Khalid Alsafi, Khuld Saeedi, Hassan Salah, Nissren Tamam, David Bradley, Sarah Albahiti, Abdelmoneim Sulieman
Summary: This study aimed to calculate typical values for common pediatric studies at King Abdulaziz University Hospital and compare them with other studies. The results showed that radiation dose levels in pediatric CT examinations were generally lower compared to other studies.
RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Faisal Almisned, Iskender Akkurt, Nurdan Karpuz
Summary: In this study, cross sections of medical radioisotopes were calculated using level density models. The results were compared with experimental data and it was found that the GSM level density models generally yielded consistent conclusions.
RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shokufeh Saeid, Neda Mollakhalili-meybodi, Fateme Akrami Mohajeri, Farzan Madadizadeh, Elham Khalili Sadrabad
Summary: This study found that gamma irradiation significantly reduces the saponin and phytic acid content of quinoa. At a dose of 2.5 kGy, it can effectively reduce saponin and phytic acid without significantly damaging the antioxidant compounds.
RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Maria Demeter, Ion Calina, Anca Scarisoreanu, Valentina Mitran, Marcela Popa, Anisoara Cimpean, Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc, Marin Micutz, Elena Matei, Bogdana Mitu
Summary: Novel biocompatible composite hydrogels with good elastic and antimicrobial properties were synthesized by e-beam cross-linking using chitosan, water-soluble polymers, and silver nanoparticles (AgNP). The composite hydrogels showed high stability, absorption capability specific to infected wounds, and biocompatibility. The antimicrobial activity was influenced by the amount of AgNP and cross-linking degree, with significant inhibition against Gram-negative bacteria.
RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Anuor AT. Ayoub, Yushou Song, Mamoun IA. Sagiroun
Summary: This paper presents an assessment of the radiological hazard for humans from nuclear power plant effluent released into a river under normal operation scenarios. The study concludes that the radiological hazard from this effluent is minimal and within acceptable limits according to international standards. It also highlights the potential hazards related to the higher concentration of 137Cs in sediments over time.
RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Irabati Chakraborty, Nidhi Sinha, Bobby Antony
Summary: This article investigates the electron impact ionization of prebiotic molecules within the interstellar medium. By calculating the electron impact ionization cross section, the study provides insights into the chemistry of these molecules and their interaction with electrons, which play a vital role in the emergence of life's essential building blocks.
RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
C. V. Vishnu, Antony Joseph
Summary: This study investigated the gamma-ray shielding properties of composite materials made from natural rubber with different proportions of Barium Tungstate. The addition of Barium Tungstate significantly improved the characteristics of gamma radiation shielding. The experimental measurements showed good agreement with theoretical calculations obtained from simulation results.
RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
(2024)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Derya Mutlu, Idris Karagoz, Harun Sepetcioglu, Urkiye Akar Tarim, Orhan Gurler
Summary: This study examined the properties of epoxy composites with dendritic copper particles and found that the addition of copper particles improved the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of the composites. The glass transition temperature of the composites could be adjusted by varying the copper particle ratio. The study also evaluated the shielding properties of epoxy-based composites against gamma radiation and found that the addition of copper particles significantly altered the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites.
RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
(2024)
