Article
Biology
Judith Korb, Karen Meusemann, Denise Aumer, Abel Bernadou, Daniel Elsner, Barbara Feldmeyer, Susanne Foitzik, Juergen Heinze, Romain Libbrecht, Silu Lin, Megha Majoe, Jose Manuel Monroy Kuhn, Volker Nehring, Matteo A. Negroni, Robert J. Paxton, Alice C. Seguret, Marah Stoldt, Thomas Flatt
Summary: By comparing gene expression patterns between young and old castes in different lineages of social insects, the study reveals the important role of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 signalling (IIS)/target of rapamycin (TOR)/juvenile hormone (JH) network in ageing and caste-specific physiology of social insects.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biology
Ido Pen, Thomas Flatt
Summary: The article discusses the development from the 1930s to the 1960s when evolutionary geneticists revealed the basic principles of organism aging, and the remaining puzzles in the evolutionary biology of aging. The evolutionary origin of aging and the relationship between germ cells and somatic cells were conceptually discussed. The model applied to the simplest multicellular system illustrates that even with symmetric reproduction and equal damage partitioning, aging can still evolve.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Mark C. Harrison, Luisa M. Jaimes Nino, Marisa Almeida Rodrigues, Judith Ryll, Thomas Flatt, Jan Oettler, Erich Bornberg-Bauer
Summary: The study reveals that old-biased genes in ant queens are under strong purifying selection, indicating a reduction in selection shadow; furthermore, the gene coexpression network in old queens shows enhanced transcriptional regulation ability; old-biased modules are found to regulate multiple anti-ageing mechanisms.
GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nicolas J. Betancourt, Subhash Rajpurohit, Esra Durmaz, Daniel K. Fabian, Martin Kapun, Thomas Flatt, Paul Schmidt
Summary: The insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling pathway is proposed as a major determinant of adaptive life-history profiles in natural populations, with the allelic variation at foxo gene contributing to the genetic variance of size-related traits varying adaptively with latitude. Patterns of variation were examined among natural populations along a latitudinal transect, showing significant latitudinal clines for thorax length, wing area, wing loading, and starvation tolerance, with foxo allelic variation associated with these traits varying with latitude.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Brian Charlesworth, Thomas Flatt
Summary: Recent publications suggest that epistatic fitness interactions lead to the fixation of inversions that suppress recombination. However, under this type of selection, the suppression of recombination in an inversion heterozygote can create a heterozygote advantage, preventing the inversion from being fixed by selection. This process has been explicitly modeled by previous researchers.
Article
Biology
Heather E. Machado, Alan O. Bergland, Ryan Taylor, Susanne Tilk, Emily Behrman, Kelly Dyer, Daniel K. Fabian, Thomas Flatt, Josefa Gonzalez, Talia L. Karasov, Bernard Kim, Iryna Kozeretska, Brian P. Lazzaro, Thomas J. S. Merritt, John E. Pool, Katherine O'Brien, Subhash Rajpurohit, Paula R. Roy, Stephen W. Schaeffer, Svitlana Serga, Paul Schmidt, Dmitri A. Petrov
Summary: This study identified signatures of seasonal adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster populations by estimating genome-wide allele frequencies from flies sampled early and late in the growing season. The research revealed parallel shifts in seasonal allele frequency across North America and Europe, showing that seasonal adaptation is a common phenomenon in temperate fly populations. Moreover, the study found that fluctuating selection, influenced by weather conditions, plays a significant role in shaping genetic variation in Drosophila populations.
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Marisa A. Rodrigues, Antoine Merckelbach, Esra Durmaz, Envel Kerdaffrec, Thomas Flatt
Summary: Research in fruit flies shows that ablating germ cells can increase the expression of immune genes and enhance the induction upon bacterial infection, suggesting that germline activity impedes the expression and inducibility of immune genes.
Editorial Material
Biology
Emma L. Berdan, Thomas Flatt, Genevieve M. Kozak, Katie E. Lotterhos, Ben Wielstra
Summary: This article introduces the concept of supergenes and the limited understanding of their evolution. The genetic architecture of supergenes plays a crucial role in their evolutionary fate, and recent advances in sequencing technology and computer simulations offer new opportunities for studying supergenes. The theme issue brings together various theoretical and empirical studies, highlighting the architectural diversity of supergenes and their connection to critical evolutionary processes.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biology
Emma L. Berdan, Alexandre Blanckaert, Roger K. Butlin, Thomas Flatt, Tanja Slotte, Ben Wielstra
Summary: Supergenes are fascinating examples of long-term balancing selection in nature, but their origin and maintenance are still unknown. Mutation accumulation can stabilize or destabilize the system, and the evolution of balanced lethal systems requires specific conditions.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biology
Katja M. Hoedjes, Hristina Kostic, Laurent Keller, Thomas Flatt
Summary: This study confirms the functional role of the Darkener of apricot (Doa) gene in the life history evolution of Drosophila melanogaster. The study shows that silencing the gene leads to reduced lifespan and fecundity, and specific genetic variations are associated with changes in lifespan and fecundity.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Veronika Rau, Thomas Flatt, Judith Korb
Summary: Protein-enriched diet reduces mortality in termite queens and workers without affecting fecundity, suggesting a decoupling of insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 signaling pathway from reproductive pathways. This finding provides insights into the remodeling of the fecundity/longevity trade-off in termites compared to solitary insects.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martin Kapun, Esra Durmaz Mitchell, Tadeusz J. Kawecki, Paul Schmidt, Thomas Flatt
Summary: Since the pioneering work of Dobzhansky in the 1930s and 1940s, multiple chromosomal inversions have been identified, but their role in adaptation is still poorly understood. In this study, the researchers investigated the population genomics of the inversion polymorphism In(3R)Payne in Drosophila melanogaster on four continents. Their results indicate that the inversion originated in sub-Saharan Africa and spread globally, with divergent evolution in non-African populations. The inversion was found to be associated with differential gene expression and higher inversion frequency in warm climates.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Josiane Santos, Margarida Matos, Thomas Flatt, Ivo M. Chelo
Summary: Host-microbe interactions can have significant effects on the reproductive and survival outcomes of nematode hosts, with varying impacts depending on host genotype. Pathogenic bacteria can reduce host survival and affect other host traits differently. These findings suggest that host-microbe interactions may play a critical role in the evolution of reproductive schedules and senescence in nature.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Marisa A. Rodrigues, Chantal Dauphin-Villemant, Margot Paris, Martin Kapun, Esra Durmaz Mitchell, Envel Kerdaffrec, Thomas Flatt
Summary: Little is known about the metabolic basis of life-history trade-offs but lipid stores seem to play a pivotal role. During reproduction, animals mobilize fat reserves while reduced or curtailed reproduction promotes lipid storage. Systemic signals from the gonad are involved in this process. Germline removal in flies and worms alters lipid metabolism and leads to excess fat storage.
Article
Virology
Megan A. Wallace, Kelsey A. Coffman, Clement Gilbert, Sanjana Ravindran, Gregory F. Albery, Jessica Abbott, Eliza Argyridou, Paola Bellosta, Andrea J. Betancourt, Herve Colinet, Katarina Eric, Amanda Glaser-Schmitt, Sonja Grath, Mihailo Jelic, Maaria Kankare, Iryna Kozeretska, Volker Loeschcke, Catherine Montchamp-Moreau, Lino Ometto, Banu Sebnem Onder, Dorcas J. Orengo, John Parsch, Marta Pascual, Aleksandra Patenkovic, Eva Puerma, Michael G. Ritchie, Omar Rota-Stabelli, Mads Fristrup Schou, Svitlana Serga, Marina Stamenkovic-Radak, Marija Tanaskovic, Marija Savic Veselinovic, Jorge Vieira, Cristina P. Vieira, Martin Kapun, Thomas Flatt, Josefa Gonzalez, Fabian Staubach, Darren J. Obbard
Summary: A study identified multiple DNA viruses in Drosophila in Europe, including new nudiviruses, entomopoxvirus, and viruses related to other insects. The prevalence of viruses in European Drosophila reflects that seen in publicly available datasets, with DNA viruses showing lower prevalence in Drosophila compared to RNA viruses.