Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhiqi Lei, Ilyas Ali, Min Yang, Caixia Yang, Yifei Li, Lian Li
Summary: This study investigated the deleterious effects of NEFA on bovine granulosa cells and its underlying molecular mechanism using an in vitro model. The results showed that high levels of NEFA led to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, increased apoptosis-related factors, and disrupted steroid hormone synthesis in BGCs. In addition, NEFA inhibited the PI3K/AKT pathway and increased FoxO1 expression. These findings help to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the negative effects of NEFA on BGCs.
Article
Ophthalmology
Kwanghyun Lee, Jin-Ok Choi, Ahreum Hwang, Hyoung Won Bae, Chan Yun Kim
Summary: This study investigated the protective effects of astrocyte-derived CNTF on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and identified the signaling pathways involved. The results showed that astrocytes improved RGC viability and /33-tubulin expression, and the concentration of CNTF increased in the RGC-astrocyte co-culture medium. The protective effects of astrocytes were dependent on CNTF, suggesting its importance in mediating these effects. CNTF treatment alone also enhanced RGC viability and /33-tubulin expression, and increased the population of viable RGCs under oxidative stress. Different pathways, such as PI3K/AKT, JAK/STAT, and MAPK/ERK, were found to be associated with RGC viability and /33-tubulin expression. RNA sequencing revealed the genes upregulated and downregulated by CNTF treatment, providing insights into the molecular mechanisms involved in the protective effects. In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of astrocyte-derived CNTF in protecting RGCs and identifies novel genes and pathways associated with this protective effect. It may contribute to the development of treatments for RGC injury.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Xue Wang, Xiaomei Liu, Radouil Tzekov, Chaofeng Yu, Jiasong Yang, Yuliang Feng, Yajun Wu, Yali Xu, Shiying Li, Wensheng Li
Summary: The study found that fenofibrate improved RPE cell damage induced by excessive fat in vitro and in vivo by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wei-liang Sun, Ling-yan He, Li Liang, Si-yu Liu, Jie Luo, Mei-ling Lv, Zheng-wen Cai
Summary: This study identifies a novel pathway, Ambra1-Akt-FoxO1-Bim, which regulates apoptosis and chemosensitivity in breast cancer cells by modulating the expression of the key protein Bim.
Article
Plant Sciences
Dahae Lee, Sungyoul Choi, Ki Sung Kang
Summary: This study evaluated the effect of ginsenosides on palmitic acid-induced pancreatic beta-cell death and impairment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Protopanaxadiol (PPD) was identified as a potential therapeutic agent, which protected against apoptosis and lipid accumulation. PPD also prevented palmitic acid-induced impairment of insulin secretion.
JOURNAL OF GINSENG RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Mary L. Tapia, Gabriel Nascimento-dos-Santos, Kevin K. Park
Summary: This review discusses the heterogeneity of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their differential resilience to injury and regeneration. By identifying molecular features and studying different regeneration models, specific RGC types that exhibit preferential survival and regeneration have been discovered. Cellular characteristics and the selective expression of certain genes may contribute to their reparative capacity. These studies lay an important groundwork for identifying factors that promote neural regeneration and developing targeted therapy for RGC degeneration and neurodegenerative diseases in general.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Zongyuan Li, Feijia Xie, Ning Yang, Jiayi Yang, Jinyuan Luo, Dihao Hua, Tao He, Yiqiao Xing
Summary: The study demonstrated that overexpression of KLF7 can prevent the loss of RGCs and preserve electrophysiological function. Additionally, overexpression of KLF7 can ameliorate retinal dysfunction after RIR injury and improve the visual acuity of mice. The activation of Akt pathway and the suppression of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway contribute to the neuroprotection of KLF7.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Wennan Li, Dorsa Haji Ghaffari, Rohit Misra, James D. Weiland
Summary: Increasing stimulus frequency induces desensitization of retinal ganglion cells, while stimulus amplitude does not affect desensitization. Introducing variability into each pulse can partially overcome retinal desensitization.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Maria Principia Scavo, Roberto Negro, Valentina Arre, Nicoletta Depalo, Livianna Carrieri, Federica Rizzi, Rita Mastrogiacomo, Grazia Serino, Maria Notarnicola, Valentina De Nunzio, Tamara Lippolis, Pasqua Letizia Pesole, Sergio Coletta, Raffaele Armentano, Maria Lucia Curri, Gianluigi Giannelli
Summary: Excessive toxic lipid accumulation in hepatocytes underlies the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is characterized by necrosis and steato-fibrosis. This study reveals the impact of imbalanced palmitic (PA) to oleic acid (OA) ratio within circulating exosomes on liver cell cycle and cell viability in NAFLD. Furthermore, the Elongase 6-RIP-1 signaling pathway is identified as a potential therapeutic target for treating NAFLD-induced exosomal PA/OA imbalance.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Integrative & Complementary Medicine
Chang-Wen Ku, Tsung-Jung Ho, Chih-Yang Huang, Pei-Ming Chu, Hsiu-Chung Ou, Pei-Ling Hsieh
Summary: Cordycepin, the main bioactive chemical of Cordyceps sinensis, has potent anticancer, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In addition, its protective effects against atherosclerotic changes in vascular endothelial cells may be partially mediated by the PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Siyu Zeng, Lei Du, Guojing Lu, Yiqiao Xing
Summary: In this study, it was found that cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes (CREG) protected retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) from ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) by activating the Akt signaling pathway and regulating apoptotic proteins. CREG also improved retinal function and visual acuity.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Huiling Hu, Ying Liu, Kang Li, Min Fang, Yunyun Zou, Jiantao Wang, Jian Ge
Summary: This study confirmed the appropriate labeling site for retrograde fluorogold in P10 mice and found that 0.3 μL of FG is an appropriate dose for labeling RGCs efficiently.
ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Sweta Pal, G. Nageswar Rao, Arttatrana Pal
Summary: Nitrosative stress exacerbates antioxidant depletion, mitochondrial dysfunction, biomolecule damage, inflammation, and apoptosis induced by high glucose exposure. Inhibition of RNS can alleviate cell cycle deregulation and apoptosis caused by high glucose.
Article
Neurosciences
Lai-Yang Zhou, Di Chen, Xin-Ran Guo, Yu-Qian Niu, Yong-Sai Xu, Dong-Fu Feng, Tie-Chen Li
Summary: Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) causes loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axonal fibers, leading to visual insufficiency. This study investigated the potential neuroprotective effects of Huperzine A (HupA) extracted from a Chinese herb and its ability to enhance neuronal regeneration after optic nerve crush (ONC). The study found that intravitreal injection of HupA promoted RGC survival and axonal regeneration after ONC, through the mTOR pathway, and these effects were blocked by rapamycin. Therefore, HupA shows promise for the clinical treatment of traumatic optic neuropathy.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Murali Subramani, Matthew J. Van Hook, Iqbal Ahmad
Summary: This study demonstrates a rapid generation of human retinal ganglion cells (hRGCs) from banked human pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal progenitor cells (hRPCs) by recapitulating the developmental mechanism. The resulting hRGCs are stable, functional, and transplantable, showing potential for ex vivo stem cell therapy and disease modeling.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)