Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Piotr Szpakowski, Dominika Ksiazek-Winiarek, Malgorzata Turniak-Kusy, Ilona Pacan, Andrzej Glabinski
Summary: Astrocytes, once considered passive brain cells, have been found to play a more active role in the central nervous system. This study aimed to evaluate the production of inflammatory chemokines and neurotrophic factors by primary human astrocytes after inflammatory or anti-inflammatory stimulation. The results showed that only astrocytes induced by inflammatory mediators produced certain chemokines, and pro-inflammatory conditions decreased the release of a neurotrophic factor while anti-inflammatory cytokines increased its production.
Review
Neurosciences
Josine E. G. Vaes, Myrna J. V. Brandt, Nikki Wanders, Manon J. N. L. Benders, Caroline G. M. de Theije, Pierre Gressens, Cora H. Nijboer
Summary: Encephalopathy of prematurity (EoP) is a major cause of morbidity in preterm neonates, characterized by diffuse white matter injury with hypomyelination. Despite the lack of treatment options, research has identified promising trophic factors and cytokines that may have therapeutic potential to combat EoP by promoting oligodendrocyte survival and maturation and dampening neuroinflammation. Future perspectives include the translatability of these factors into clinical practice.
Article
Cell Biology
Jian Li, Mouli Tian, Tong Hua, Haowei Wang, Mei Yang, Wenqian Li, Xiaoping Zhang, Hongbin Yuan
Summary: The impaired autophagy flux mainly occurs in astrocytes during the maintenance of neuropathic pain. Activation of autophagy can relieve pain, while inhibition of autophagy can aggravate pain and alter levels of neuroinflammation and reactive oxygen species. Further study shows that inhibition of autophagy can slow the induction of neuroinflammatory responses but increase their maintenance.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chien-Chung Yang, Li-Der Hsiao, Ya-Fang Shih, Zih-Yao Yu, Chuen-Mao Yang
Summary: This study demonstrates that rhamnetin attenuates the enhanced expression of MMP-9 induced by BK through inhibiting PKC delta/NOX/ROS/ERK1/2-dependent NF-kappa B activity in RBA-1 cells.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Abdur Rauf, Himani Badoni, Tareq Abu-Izneid, Ahmed Olatunde, Md Mominur Rahman, Sakshi Painuli, Prabhakar Semwal, Polrat Wilairatana, Mohammad S. Mubarak
Summary: Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, and the release of neuroinflammatory markers can lead to the development of various neuronal disorders. Identifying these markers can assist in early diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.
Review
Neurosciences
Julia N. Khantakova, Natalia P. Bondar, Elena V. Antontseva, Vasiliy V. Reshetnikov
Summary: Adverse factors during the neonatal period can affect the development of certain brain structures, leading to reduced cognitive abilities and increased risk of psychopathologies throughout an individual's lifespan. Neonatal immune activation-induced neuroinflammation may cause disturbances in neurotransmission, reprogramming of brain cells, and changes in stress reactivity, ultimately resulting in depressive-like behavior in adult males under aversive conditions with local inflammation.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anamaria Jurcau, Aurel Simion
Summary: Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and neuroinflammation plays a significant role in this condition. Neuroinflammation leads to tissue injury and functional recovery, and therapeutic attempts targeting neuroinflammation have been made.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mariza Bortolanza, Glauce C. do Nascimento, Rita Raisman-Vozari, Elaine Del-Bel
Summary: The study demonstrates that doxycycline and its analogue compound COL-3 have the potential to reduce l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in hemiparkinsonian rats. Doxycycline can also suppress the onset of dyskinesia when administered together with l-DOPA, while reducing immunoreactivity and activity of certain proteins in the basal ganglia.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Brittani R. Price, Lance A. Johnson, Christopher M. Norris
Summary: Astrocyte reactivity is a key feature of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative conditions, with roles extending beyond classic inflammatory processes to include synapse function, brain metabolism, neurovascular coupling, and sleep/wake patterns. Understanding astrocyte signaling is leading to new drug targets and treatment approaches for dementia, potentially reshaping our understanding of AD pathophysiology.
AGEING RESEARCH REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Jae-Hong Kim, Osung Kwon, Anup Bhusal, Jiyoun Lee, Eun Mi Hwang, Hoon Ryu, Jae-Yong Park, Kyoungho Suk
Summary: This study reports the generation and characterization of conditional transgenic mice for lipocalin-2 (LCN2) expression. By delivering Cre recombinase under the control of a GFAP promoter, targeted overexpression of LCN2 in astrocytes of the hippocampus was achieved. These mice showed neuroinflammation, enhanced glial activation, increased proinflammatory cytokines, and impaired cognitive functions, providing a new in vivo model for neuroinflammation.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Simona Rossi, Mauro Cozzolino
Summary: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a neurological disease primarily affecting motor neurons, with neuroinflammatory processes playing a significant role in its pathogenesis. The dysregulation of RNA metabolism and its association with neuroinflammation in ALS remains poorly defined.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jaya Prabhakaran, Andrei Molotkov, Akiva Mintz, J. John Mann
Summary: Neuroinflammation and COX-2 upregulation play important roles in degenerative brain diseases, with PET imaging being a valuable tool for assessing COX-2 induction in vivo. Promising radioligands like [11CTMI], [11C]MC1, and [18F]MTP have demonstrated BBB permeability and binding to COX-2 in the brain, showing potential for clinical translation.
Article
Immunology
Sijia Li, Chenguang Zhou, Yinghui Zhu, Zhiwen Chao, Zhiyuan Sheng, Yongxin Zhang, Yuanzheng Zhao
Summary: The study shows that Ferrostatin-1 can effectively protect astrocytes from ferroptosis induced by Angiotensin II, reduce the production of inflammatory factors, and exert protective effects by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chutikorn Nopparat, Anuttree Boontor, Suchanoot Kutpruek, Piyarat Govitrapong
Summary: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, and inflammation plays a crucial role in its development. This study discovered that melatonin, through its anti-inflammatory effects, can prevent the activation of the inflammasome caused by amyloid beta (A beta) and reduce the release of proinflammatory cytokines and the occurrence of pyroptosis. The ability of melatonin to inhibit the inflammasome may have implications for the treatment of AD.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Octavio Garcia, Lisi Flores-Aguilar
Summary: Down syndrome is caused by the triplication of human chromosome 21, leading to intellectual disability. Individuals with DS may develop clinical symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease in middle adulthood.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Shamita Sanga, Arnab Ghosh, Krishna Kumar, Kiran Polavarapu, Veeramani Preethish-Kumar, Seena Vengalil, Saraswati Nashi, Mainak Bardhan, Gautham Arunachal, Sanita Raju, Narayanappa Gayathri, Nidhan K. Biswas, Saikat Chakrabarti, Atchayaram Nalini, Sudipto Roy, Moulinath Acharya
Summary: This study aimed to genetically diagnose a cohort of 36 difficult-to-diagnose CMD and CM cases of Indian origin using whole-exome sequencing. Rare and deleterious mutations in previously reported CMD and CM-related genes were identified, and molecular dynamics studies revealed potential mechanisms of pathogenesis for certain mutations.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Zhongbo Chen, Reza Maroofian, A. Nazli Basak, Leena Shingavi, Mert Karakaya, Stephanie Efthymiou, Emil K. Gustavsson, Leyla Meier, Kiran Polavarapu, Seena Vengalil, Veeramani Preethish-Kumar, Bevinahalli N. Nandeesh, Nalan Gokce Gunes, Onur Akan, Fatma Candan, Bertold Schrank, Stephan Zuchner, David Murphy, Mahima Kapoor, Mina Ryten, Brunhilde Wirth, Mary M. Reilly, Atchayaram Nalini, Henry Houlden, Payam Sarraf
Summary: Pathogenic variants in PLEKHG5 have been reported in patients with autosomal recessive intermediate Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and spinal muscular atrophy. The study identified novel biallelic variants in PLEKHG5 in 13 individuals from nine families, showing variable disease severity and age of onset. The findings suggest PLEKHG5-associated neuropathies as an important differential diagnosis in non-5q spinal muscular atrophy cases, expanding the understanding of the disease spectrum.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kiran Polavarapu, Seena Vengalil, Veeramani Preethish-Kumar, Gautham Arunachal, Saraswati Nashi, Dhaarini Mohan, Tanushree Chawla, Mainak Bardhan, Bevinahalli Nandeesh, Priya Gupta, Vykuntaraju K. Gowda, Hanns Lochmuller, Atchayaram Nalini
Summary: Three unrelated girls with VAMP1 mutations causing CMS, one showing prominent ocular and bulbar symptoms, while the other two had no initial ocular signs. Early genetic diagnosis is crucial for identifying potentially treatable CMS phenotypes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PAEDIATRIC NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Mainak Bardhan, Kiran Polavarapu, Nandeesh N. Bevinahalli, Preethish-Kumar Veeramani, Ram Murthy Anjanappa, Gautham Arunachal, Leena Shingavi, Seena Vengalil, Saraswati Nashi, Tanushree Chawla, Divya Nagabhushan, Dhaarini Mohan, Rita Horvath, Ichizo Nishino, Nalini Atchayaram
Summary: This study provides a detailed description of Megaconial congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) in five children from Indian families, including clinical, histopathological, imaging, and genetic findings. The children exhibited moderate-to-severe autistic behavior, hand stereotypies, and global developmental delay, with some cases resembling atypical Rett syndrome. Genetically, three novel null mutations in CHKB and one reported missense mutation were identified, all in the homozygous state. Megaconial CMD, though rare, accounts for 5.5% of genetically confirmed CMD patients and presents a complex phenotypic presentation. The atypical Rett syndrome-like presentation may serve as a clue towards a CHKB-related disorder.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rashmi Santhoshkumar, Veeramani Preethish-Kumar, Kiran Polavarapu, Dinesh Reghunathan, Sima Chaudhari, Kapaettu Satyamoorthy, Seena Vengalil, Saraswati Nashi, Muhammed Faruq, Aditi Joshi, Nalini Atchayaram, Gayathri Narayanappa
Summary: Desminopathies are a clinically diverse group of disorders characterized by myopathy and/or cardiomyopathy, with a genetic basis and specific pathological features. This study identified a novel genetic mutation in a patient, expanding the understanding of the disease's phenotype and molecular spectrum.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Maya Dattatraya Bhat, Netravathi Manjunath, Renu Kumari, Mohammed Faruq, Pramod Kumar Pal, Chandrajit Prasad, Ravindranadh Chowdary Mundlamuri, Atchayaram Nalini, Gautham Arunachal Udupi, Priyanka Priyadarshini Baishya, Karthik Kulanthaivelu
Summary: Cribriform appearance of the brain in Canavan disease is rare, with two cases showing multiple oval, cystic structures resembling dilated Virchow-Robin spaces in white matter. Genetic analysis revealed novel mutations in the ASPA gene possibly explaining the severe form of the disease. This multicystic appearance is unusual and may represent two different histopathological substrates.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Integrative & Complementary Medicine
Pradnya Dhargave, Atchayaram Nalini, Raghuram Nagarathna, Raghupathy Sendhilkumar, Tittu Thomas James, Trichur R. Raju, Talakad N. Sathyaprabha
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the additional effect of yoga on pulmonary functions in children with DMD compared to physiotherapy alone. The results showed that a combination of physiotherapy and yoga intervention had positive effects on improving pulmonary functions in children with DMD.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF YOGA
(2021)
Article
Neuroimaging
Karthik Kulanthaivelu, Shumyla Jabeen, Jitender Saini, Sanita Raju, Atchayaram Nalini, Nishanth Sadashiva, Shashank Hegde, Narayana Krishna Rolla, Indrajit Saha, M. Netravathi, Seena Vengalil, Saikrishna Swaroop, Shilpa Rao
Summary: This study used APT imaging to analyze the differences between tuberculomas and high-grade gliomas, finding that tuberculomas have a relative paucity of mobile amide protons. In tuberculomas, elevated MTRasym values in perilesional parenchyma may be a clue to the inflammatory milieu.
NEURORADIOLOGY JOURNAL
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
Atchayaram Nalini, Seena Vengalil, Karthik Kulanthaivelu, Saraswati Nashi, Kiran Polavarapu, Veeramani Preethish-Kumar, Tanushree Chawla, Leena Shinghavi
JOURNAL OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
Kiran Polavarapu, Veeramani Preethish-Kumar, Sanita Raju, Tanushree Chawla, Leena Shinghavi, Gautham Arunachal, Seena Vengalil, Saraswati Nashi, Atchayaram Nalini
JOURNAL OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
Kiran Polavarapu, Leena Shinghavi, Tanushree Chawla, Seena Vengalil, Saraswati Nashi, Veeramani Preethish-Kumar, Sanita Raju, Gautham Arunachal, Atchayaram Nalini
JOURNAL OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Clinical Neurology
Shingavi Leena, Kiran Polavarapu, Veeramani Preethish-Kumar, Tanushree Chawla, Seena Vengalil, Saraswati Nashi, Gautham Arunachal, Stephan Zuchner, Atchayaram Nalini
JOURNAL OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Arun Sadasivan, Manjusha G. Warrier, Kiran Polavarapu, Veeramani Preethish-Kumar, Meera G. Nair, M. S. Keerthipriya, Seena Vengalil, John Vijay Sagar, Thomas Kishore, Atchayaram Nalini, Priya Treesa Thomas
Summary: Understanding and awareness of palliative care services for children with DMD among parents play a crucial role in ensuring the quality of life of the affected children. Integration of palliative care services from an early stage can help the child transition between stages of the illness. Awareness about available palliative care services needs to be increased in order to ensure their utilization.
INDIAN JOURNAL OF PALLIATIVE CARE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Sanjay Das, A. Nalini, T. R. Laxmi, T. R. Raju
Summary: The study found that repeated intrathecal injections of ALS-CSF in rat pups resulted in a decrease in motor neurons, reduced ChAT expression, changes in soma and dendritic morphology, and decreased rotarod performance, confirming pathological phenotypes similar to ALS patients.
EXPERIMENTAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Manjunath Netravathi, Vikram Venkappayya Holla, Atchayaram Nalini, Ravi Yadav, Seena Vengalil, Abel Thomas Oommen, Sultana Shaik Reshma, Nitish Kamble, Priya Treesa Thomas, Bhat Maya, Pramod Kumar Pal, Anita Mahadevan
Summary: The study aimed to determine the frequency of MOG-associated disorders (MOGAD), its clinical phenotypes, and imaging characteristics. Different clinical phenotypes and MRI patterns were identified, providing insights for therapeutic strategies and long-term prognosis.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)