Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Munish Puri, Adarsha Gupta, Ross A. McKinnon, Reinu E. Abraham
Summary: Microalgae have the potential to be a valuable resource for biodiesel production, but the high energy costs associated with their cultivation, harvesting, and dewatering make algal biofuel production commercially unviable. As an alternative, microalgae biorefineries are being considered for producing bioactives to offset the costs of biofuel production. The authors suggest that producing algal bioactives through advanced manufacturing pathways, using a biorefinery approach, could be effective, profitable, and economical.
TRENDS IN BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Yingying Feng, Teketay Wassie, Renyou Gan, Xin Wu
Summary: Marine algae are an important untapped source of functional food, with sulfated polysaccharides exhibiting various bioactivities, particularly immunomodulation.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Farzaneh Vardizadeh, Sedigheh Babaei, Mahmood Naseri, Mohammad-Taghi Golmakani
Summary: The study analyzed the structural and chemical characteristics of sulfated polysaccharides from three macroalgae species, with Sargassum boveanum and Padina distromatica showing higher yield, polyphenol content, and antioxidant potential compared to Caulerpa sertularioides. The sulfated polysaccharides demonstrated good antioxidant properties, making them suitable as oil stabilizers for fish oil.
ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jun-Ping Shiau, Ya-Ting Chuang, Kun-Han Yang, Fang-Rong Chang, Jyh-Horng Sheu, Ming-Feng Hou, Jiiang-Huei Jeng, Jen-Yang Tang, Hsueh-Wei Chang
Summary: This study provides a detailed understanding of the preferential antiproliferation effects and mechanisms of fucoidan in oral cancer cells. Fucoidan showed higher antiproliferation in oral cancer cells compared to non-malignant oral cells. The antiproliferative effects of fucoidan in oral cancer cells were attributed to oxidative stress and DNA damage induction.
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Gildacio Pereira Chaves Filho, Maysa Eunice Grigorio Bezerra Lima, Hugo Alexandre de Oliveira Rocha, Susana Margarida Gomes Moreira
Summary: The effect of sulfated polysaccharides from seaweed on bone regeneration has been studied extensively in recent years. However, there is no consensus on their usage and true effectiveness. A systematic review was conducted, and it was found that these polysaccharides increase osteogenic markers, although caution should be exercised in interpreting the results due to the lack of standardized protocols. Moreover, studies using animal models are limited, and results from cellular models may not always be applicable to more complex systems. Despite these limitations, the use of sulfated polysaccharides seems to promote in vitro osteogenesis and enhance bone regeneration.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuanping Hao, Weiping Zheng, Zhanyi Sun, Demeng Zhang, Kunyan Sui, Peili Shen, Peifeng Li, Qihui Zhou
Summary: Marine polysaccharide-based hydrogels have attracted attention for biomedical applications due to their excellent properties. These hydrogels, composed of chitosan, alginate, or fucoidan, can be easily prepared with tunable microporous architecture, swelling, and biodegradable properties. They exhibit high mechanical strength and excellent cytocompatibility, blood compatibility, and histocompatibility, making them promising bioscaffolds in biomedical applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yanli Zhu, Lubin Liu, Zhanyi Sun, Yanjing Ji, Danyang Wang, Li Mei, Peili Shen, Zhixin Li, Shang Tang, Hui Zhang, Qihui Zhou, Jing Deng
Summary: Fucoidan, a marine-origin prebiotic, has been shown to affect the responses of Lactobacillus rhamnosus, with high-temperature autoclave treatment causing depolymerization of fucoidan. The proliferation, morphology, and metabolism of probiotics are dependent on fucoidan concentrations, with an increased concentration leading to reduced formation of probiotic biofilm and variable antibacterial ability. These findings provide new insights into probiotic modulation and the potential application of fucoidan in inhibiting bacterial infections.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Qiang Wei, Guoqiang Fu, Ke Wang, Qiong Yang, Jiarui Zhao, Yuan Wang, Kai Ji, Shuliang Song
Summary: This review focuses on the recent advances in antiviral research on sulfated polysaccharides from seaweeds, which are considered potential sources of bioactive compounds for drug development. These polysaccharides have shown broad-spectrum antiviral activity and can also improve the body's immunity. The findings of this review provide new ideas for the development of COVID-19 therapeutics and vaccines.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya, Olga N. Pozharitskaya, Alexander N. Shikov
Summary: This study compared the anti-inflammatory effects of fucoidans from different brown seaweeds and determined their relationship with composition. The results showed that fucoidans exhibited radical scavenging, antioxidant, inhibition of protein denaturation, and cell membrane stabilization effects. Fucoidans could be a promising agent for the treatment of inflammatory-related diseases.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mary Shamya Arokiarajan, Rajasekar Thirunavukkarasu, Jerrine Joseph, Obluchinskaya Ekaterina, Wilson Aruni
Summary: Marine ecosystem associated organisms are a rich source of bioactive compounds, particularly polysaccharides, which have gained significant interest in the biomedical field. Seaweeds are particularly noted for their natural bioactive sulfated polysaccharides, with a wide range of therapeutic applications including antitumor and immunomodulatory properties.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Ling Qin, Hui Xu, Yingying He, Chen Liang, Kai Wang, Junhan Cao, Changfeng Qu, Jinlai Miao
Summary: An immunomodulatory polysaccharide (DAP4) was extracted from Durvillaea antarctica, which was identified as a fucoidan. DAP4 showed excellent immunomodulatory activity, promoting the proliferation of spleen lymphocytes, increasing NO production, enhancing phagocytic activity of macrophages, and improving the vitality of NK cells.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Akanksha Dubey, Jayanthi Sivaraman
Summary: Inflammation is a preliminary immune response to harmful stimuli, and lipoxygenases are involved in inflammatory reactions. Fucoidan, a sulphated polysaccharide, is being studied for its potential in treating inflammatory diseases. This study investigated the inhibitory effects of fucoidan on lipoxygenase and found that it has anti-inflammatory potentials.
JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR STRUCTURE & DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hui Zhan, Gang Yu, Mingjing Zheng, Yanbing Zhu, Hui Ni, Tatsuya Oda, Zedong Jiang
Summary: The low-molecular-weight saccharide fragment LMWAs-H from the sulfated polysaccharide ascophyllan of Ascophyllum nodosum exhibited potent inhibition activity against alpha-glucosidase, but mild inhibition on alpha-amylase, which is likely due to its structural properties.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Juyoung Hwang, Dhananjay Yadav, Peter C. W. Lee, Jun-O Jin
Summary: The polysaccharides from marine microalgae and seaweeds have immunomodulatory effects and various other bioactivities. They find wide applications in the treatment of cancer, infectious diseases, and inflammation. Recent studies have shown that nanoparticles based on algal polysaccharides could be an effective means to treat cancer and inflammatory diseases.
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
(2022)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
N. M. Liyanage, D. P. Nagahawatta, Thilina U. Jayawardena, Kalu Kapuge Asanka Sanjeewa, H. H. A. C. K. Jayawrdhana, Jae-Il Kim, You-Jin Jeon
Summary: Seaweed polysaccharides have shown great potential as a source of antiviral agents for the treatment of viral diseases. They inhibit viral infections through various mechanisms, including interfering with DNA or RNA synthesis, viral entry, and replication. However, the development of polysaccharide-based antiviral therapies still faces challenges such as drug delivery and formulation.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vishal Chavda, Kajal Madhwani, Bipin Chaurasia
Summary: The discovery of the mysterious dark matter of the genome expands our understanding of modern biology. PiRNAs, a type of small non-coding RNA, play a crucial role in defending the genome by silencing harmful genetic invaders. They are found in both reproductive and somatic cells, with their primary function being to suppress the activity of invasive DNA sequences called Transposable Elements (TEs). PiRNAs have been found to regulate neurodevelopmental processes in metazoans, including humans, but their dysregulation can lead to neurological and psychiatric disorders. While our understanding of the roles of piRNAs is still in its early stages, they show potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for life-threatening diseases.
CURRENT MOLECULAR PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Dhananjay Yadav, Ji Yeon Lee, Nidhi Puranik, Pallavi S. Chauhan, Vishal Chavda, Jun-O Jin, Peter C. W. Lee
Summary: Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune neurodegenerative disease associated with the central nervous system. Ubiquitination, an important cellular modification process, plays a vital role in protein turnover and immune regulation. Dysfunction in the ubiquitin-proteasome system can disrupt cellular homeostasis and lead to various diseases.
Review
Oncology
Paolo Palmisciano, Gianluca Ferini, Fabio Barone, Vishal Chavda, Fabrizio Romano, Paolo Amico, Donatella Emmanuele, Giovanni F. Nicoletti, Gianluca Pompili, Giuseppe Roberto Giammalva, Rosario Maugeri, Domenico Gerardo Iacopino, Lidia Strigari, Tseng T. Yeo, Salvatore Cicero, Gianluca Scalia, Giuseppe Emmanuele Umana
Summary: Extra-neural metastases from primary intracranial ependymomas are rare and mostly occur at later stages, requiring palliative treatment.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Vishal Chavda, Bipin Chaurasia, Giuseppe E. Umana, Santino Ottavio Tomasi, Bingwei Lu, Nicola Montemurro
Summary: Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and brief involuntary sleep episodes. The exact pathophysiology is unknown and differential diagnosis can be challenging. Treatment should be tailored to the patient's symptoms and clinical diagnosis.
Article
Neurosciences
Vishal Chavda, Snehal Patel
Summary: This study demonstrated that the anti-diabetic drugs voglibose and saxagliptin significantly improved neuromodulator levels, cognitive function, and stroke biomarkers in diabetic ischemic rats.
IBRO NEUROSCIENCE REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Dhananjay Yadav, Nidhi Puranik, Anju Meshram, Vishal Chavda, Peter Chang-Whan Lee, Jun -O Jin
Summary: Cancer refers to a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation. Despite advancements in screening, treatment, and prevention, there is currently no cure for cancer. Immunotherapy has shown success in targeting and eliminating cancer cells by boosting the body's immune system. Nanotechnology has played a role in improving the efficacy and reducing adverse effects of anti-cancer immunotherapeutic agents.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Kashyap Patel, Mandara Muralidhar Harikar, Tejas Venkataram, Vishal Chavda, Nicola Montemurro, Marjan Assefi, Namath Hussain, Vicky Yamamoto, Babak Kateb, Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski, Giuseppe E. Umana
Summary: This study compared the radiologic outcomes of minimally invasive spinal surgery (MISS) and endoscopic spine surgery (ESS) for lumbar spinal stenosis and found that ESS had better improvements in spinal canal area and neural foraminal area compared to MISS, but there was no significant difference in neural foraminal height between the two techniques.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL SURGERY PART A-CENTRAL EUROPEAN NEUROSURGERY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
So-Jung Kim, Hae-Bin Park, Eun-Koung An, Hee-Yun Eom, Wei Zhang, Jihoe Kim, Inho Choi, Minseok Kwak, Peter C. W. Lee, Jun-O Jin
Summary: Induction of immunogenic cell death (ICD) using lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) decorated with ICD indicators effectively targets and activates dendritic cells (DCs) to elicit antigen-specific T-cell immunity and inhibit tumor growth and metastasis.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jun Yong Oh, Eun-Koung An, Batakrishna Jana, Hansol Kim, Seongeon Jin, Gyeongseok Yang, Jinsoo Kim, Eunshil Choi, Jun-O Jin, Ja-Hyoung Ryu
Summary: In order to improve drug delivery with nanoparticles, antibodies are used due to their high affinity to the target site. However, the traditional method of conjugating antibodies to nanoparticles can damage the antibody's ability to recognize its target. This study presents a simple approach to create a targeted delivery platform by coating the nanoparticle surface with a fusion protein consisting of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and the antibody-binding domain (ABD) called Z domain. The antibody-plugged nanoparticle exhibits excellent stability and target-specific behavior, significantly enhancing drug delivery efficiency in various therapeutic applications both in vitro and in vivo.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
So-Jung Kim, Nidhi Puranik, Dhananjay Yadav, Peter C. W. Lee, Jun -O Jin
Summary: Despite ongoing developments in various treatments, lung cancer continues to have high mortality rates, with many cases showing reduced survival rates due to treatment resistance. Cancer nanotechnology, specifically the use of lipid-based nanocarriers, has shown promise in enhancing drug delivery, overcoming absorption barriers, and targeting specific areas for lung cancer treatment and vaccine development.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vishal Chavda, Bingwei Lu
Summary: Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury being a main cause of brain damage. Changes in mitochondrial metabolism during IR lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and energy failure. Reverse electron transfer (RET), which redirects electrons derived from succinate, has been implicated in various physiological processes and pathological conditions. This review explores the roles of ROS and RET in the pathogenesis of stroke, as well as their involvement in cancer, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases, providing new insights for targeted therapies.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Eun-Koung An, Wei Zhang, Hae-Bin Park, So-Jung Kim, Hee-Yun Eom, Juyoung Hwang, Minseok Kwak, Ji Yeon Lee, Peter Chang-Whan Lee, Jun-O Jin
Summary: In this study, recombinant murine PD-L1 (rmPD-L1) was used to control T cell immunity and treat multi-organ inflammation. Hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs) were developed by incorporating the anti-inflammatory drug methotrexate and decorating the surface with rmPD-L1, resulting in immunosuppressive HNPs (IsHNPs). IsHNP treatment effectively targeted PD-1-expressing CD4 and CD8 T cells, promoted the production of regulatory T cells, and inhibited the activation of CD4 and CD8 T cells. This study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of IsHNPs for multi-organ inflammation and other inflammatory diseases.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Nicola Montemurro, Bhavya Pahwa, Anish Tayal, Anushruti Shukla, Manuel De Jesus Encarnacion, Issael Ramirez, Renat Nurmukhametov, Vishal Chavda, Antonella De Carlo
Summary: This study assessed the impact of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment on the prognosis of patients with recurrent GBM. The findings suggest that glioma-associated macrophages play a critical role in enhancing tumor progression, altering drug resistance, promoting radiotherapy resistance, and establishing an immunosuppressive environment. These findings may contribute to the development of targeted therapies for recurrent GBM.
NEUROLOGY INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
